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Purpose: To determine whether differences exist in morphological structures of dominant and nondominant eyes in children ages 6 or 12 years. The following structural features were assessed: axial length, refraction, corneal radius of curvature, and retinal features-measured with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-including macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disk parameters., Methods: Of 4,118 children examined from 2003 to 2005 in the Sydney Myopia Study, 3,382 (82.1%) had OCT data for analysis. Comprehensive standardized eye examinations were performed, including best-corrected visual acuity. Ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-card test, repeated on 3 occasions. Dominance was assigned only if the 3 measurements were identical. "Fast" scans of the optic disk and retina were performed using OCT., Results: Dominance was observed in 85% of subjects, with boys having a tendency toward right eye dominance. The dominant eye was longer (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0003 for 6- and 12-year-old patients, respectively) and more myopic (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0001, respectively) than its counterpart. No retinal features consistently identified dominant from nondominant eyes in both age groups., Conclusions: Although dominant eyes tended to be longer and slightly more myopic than nondominant eyes, we found no consistent ocular structural differences between dominant and nondominant eyes with the use of OCT.

Purpose: To report the distribution of stereoacuity thresholds and ocular characteristics associated with reduced stereoacuity in a representative sample of 12-year-old Australian children., Methods: Stereoacuity thresholds were determined using the three quantitative plates of the TNO test in 2343 children, either unaided or with spectacles, if worn. Logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity was measured. Cycloplegic autorefraction (using cyclopentolate), cover testing, and dilated fundus examination were performed. Reduced stereoacuity was defined as > 120 arcsec. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) < or = -0.50 D hyperopia as spherical equivalent refraction > or = +2.0 D, anisometropia as spherical equivalent refraction difference between eyes > or =1.00 D, and astigmatism as cylinder > or = 1.0 D., Results: Stereoacuity was based on unaided visual acuity in 1975 children (84.3%) and on spectacle-corrected visual acuity in 368 children (15.7%); 87 children (3.7%) had reduced stereoacuity. Amblyopia was the most common identifiable cause, accounting for 32%, followed by strabismus (15%) and anisometropia (14%). Presence of anisometropia was significantly associated with reduced stereoacuity; 78.6% of anisometropic children achieved normal stereoacuity versus 98.9% without anisometropia (p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: Reduced stereoacuity was relatively uncommon in a population of 12-year-old Australian children. Its functional and psychosocial impact on individuals and on the whole population remains uncertain.