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Purpose: To evaluate postoperative change in choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with anisometropic amblyopia undergoing keratorefractive surgery., Methods: Anisometropic amblyopic patients and nonamblyopic patients who underwent keratorefractive surgery were included in the study. The eyes were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of eyes with anisometropic amblyopia, group 2 were the nonamblyopic fellow eyes, and group 3 (control group) were nonamblyopic eyes which had undergone keratorefractive surgery. At the third postoperative month, the CT of these eyes were measured by Enhanced Depth Imaging OCT (EDI-OCT). The choroidal thickness (CT) was measured in the subfoveal area and at 500 micron intervals nasally and temporally., Results: Twenty-three anisometropic amblyopia patients with amblyopic and fellow eyes and 23 control eyes were enrolled. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) was 387.3±168.8μm in group 1, 412.2±88.8μm in group 2 and 337.3±99μm in group 3 (P: 0.019). Group 1 and group 2 showed higher choroidal thickness (CT) in the nasal and temporal quadrants than group 3 (P: 0.03, P: 0.04). At the third postoperative month, central foveal choroidal thickness was 356.6±115.5μm in group 1, 375.1±112.5μm in group 2 and 284.4±98.9μm in group 3 (P: 0.071). Choroidal thickness (CT) in the nasal and temporal quadrants at the third postoperative month was also similar (P: 0.210, P: 0.103)., Conclusions: The macular choroid is thicker in amblyopic eyes and non-amblyopic fellow eyes than in the nonamblyopic controls. Improved fixation after refractive surgery may normalize CT., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Objective: To determine the efficacy of ocular trauma score (OTS) in determining the prognosis in patients with open globe injury who admitted to our clinic., Materials and Methods: Data of patients with open globe injury who were admitted to our clinic between 2014 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The OTS raw score of each patient was determined and translated into OTS categories according to OTS study. Prognostic results of OTS study and current study was compared with chi square analysis., Results: In our study, 101 eyes of 101 patients were examined. The mean age of the patients was 27.08±15.36 years. The mean follow-up period was 12.84±9.04 months. In total, 86 of the cases were male (85.1%). In our study, the mean initial visual acuity of the patients was 0.10±0.23. In 64.3% of the cases, IVA was at hand movement level or lower. IVA was found to be≥20/40 in 10.9%. The mean FVA was 0.38±0.37. In total, 41.6% of the cases had a FVA≥20/40. In 28.7% of these cases, FVA was at hand movement level or lower. While no significant difference was found in patients with OTS3, OTS 4 and OTS 5 (P>0.05), prognosis of patients with OTS 1 and OTS 2 was better than OTS study (P<0.001) CONCLUSION: Although OTS can be effective and safe data in terms of prognosis, it can be improved with more comprehensive studies., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To observe the rate of hypotony and intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations immediately following intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in vitrectomized eyes., Methods: The study included previously vitrectomized eyes scheduled to receive intravitreal dexamethasone implants. IOP measurements were performed at minute 1, minute 10, hour 1, hour 2, hour 3 and day 1. The primary outcome measure of the study was the rate of hypotony at the various time points, while the secondary outcome measure was the IOP profile over time., Results: A total of 26 eyes were enrolled in the study. Immediately following the injection, 11 (42.3%) of the eyes exhibited an IOP<6mm Hg. Hypotony was observed in one eye (3.8%) at hour 3 and day 1. After the immediate IOP reduction, IOP recovered rapidly and showed a peak at hour 1, with 5 eyes (19.2%) exhibiting IOP levels ≥25mmHg and 1 eye (3.8%) ≥30mm Hg. Aside from the eye with persistent hypotony resulting in a choroidal effusion, no other complication was observed., Conclusions: Injection of dexamethasone implants in vitrectomized eyes resulted in immediate IOP reduction. Hypotony showed a short, self-limited course in the majority of eyes. In the presence of additional risk factors for wound incompetency, regular follow-up in the early post-injection period appears to be needed., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To report anatomical and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for recurrent retinal detachment (RD) after failed scleral buckling (SB) or primary PPV., Methods: Retrospective analysis of 59 eyes with recurrent RD treated previously with SB or PPV was performed. All eyes underwent 23 gauge PPV. The primary outcome was single surgery success rate (SSSR) for retinal reattachment at the final visit. Secondary outcomes were visual acuity change and number of reoperations., Results: SSSR was 77.4 % in the SB group and 67.9 % in the PPV group (P=0.41). The mean change in visual acuity was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.35). The mean number of reoperations was 1.2±0.5 and 1.4±0.6 in the SB and PPV groups, respectively (P=0.38)., Conclusion: PPV was found to be an effective technique for the management of recurrent RD after SB and PPV surgeries. However, the small sample size and the retrospective design prevent any claims of advantages or disadvantages of one surgical technique over the other., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Purpose: To present the two-year results of ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) after vitrectomy surgery in large full thickness macular holes (MHs)., Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were large full thickness idiopathic MH (400 microns), a minimum follow-up period of 24 months and successful repair of the hole with the first surgery. The mean length of the EZ defect was calculated linearly via SD-OCT preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th months. The main outcome measures were diameter of the EZ defect and preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVA)., Results: The EZ defect was mostly recovered in the first month. The continuity of the EZ and total recovery of the EZ defect was achieved in 3.33 % of the participants at month 12; 10 % of the participants at month 18, and 33.3 % of the participants at month 24. The EZ defect was significantly correlated with BCVA preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively)., Conclusions: Ellipsoid zone recovery occurred mostly in the first month after vitreoretinal surgery, and this recovery process extended up to 2 years. At 24 months postoperatively, the EZ was fully recovered in only one third of the patients., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Purpose: To evaluate iris structure in aphakic eyes scheduled for placement of a secondary intraocular lens., Methods: Twenty-eight aphakic eyes of 28 patients who were scheduled for secondary intraocular lens implantation between January 2012 and January 2017 at Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital after a complicated cataract surgery were recruited in this study. The phakic fellow eyes of the patients were defined as a control group. Iris thickness was assessed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography at 750μm (IT750) and 2000μm (IT2000) from the scleral spur. Moreover, maximum iris thickness (ITM) and anterior chamber angle parameters such as trabecular iris surface area at 500 and 750μm (TISA500, TISA750), angle opening distances at 500 and 750μm (AOD500, AOD750) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were also evaluated., Results: Mean IT750, IT2000 and ITM readings and were significantly lower in the aphakic eyes compared to the healthy eyes (P=0.04, P=0.01, P=0.01 respectively). Anterior chamber parameters (TISA500, TISA750, AOD500 and AOD750) and ACD were significantly increased in aphakic eyes following complicated cataract surgery compared to healthy fellow eyes (all P<0.001)., Conclusions: Complicated cataract surgery leading to aphakia results in decreased iris thickness and increased anterior chamber depth. These findings might be helpful in the selection of the type of surgery for placement of a secondary IOL., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the AMARIS ® 750S (Schwind, Eye-tech-solutions, GmbH) excimer laser., Methods: The medical records of one hundred eleven eyes of 62 patients who underwent LASIK for hyperopia using the AMARIS ® 750S excimer laser were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into three groups based on preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refraction: low hyperopia (less than +2.50 diopters [D]), moderate hyperopia (+2.75D to +4.00D), and high hyperopia (over +4.00D). Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), long-term stability of refraction, and complications were evaluated., Results: Of the entire sample, the mean preoperative SE was +3.64D±1.22D. The mean age was 37.4±11.2 years (20-59). The mean follow-up for all eyes was 51 months. At the last visit, the mean SE was +0.85D±0.34D (SD) in the low hyperopia group, +1.09D±0.43D in the moderate hyperopia group, and +1.63D±0.47D in the high hyperopia group. (+1.15D±0.49D overall). Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.52±0.34 logMAR and increased to 0.18±0.15 logMAR at 4 years follow-up (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVA. The UCVA was 0.30 logMAR or better in 100% of eyes in the low hyperopia group, 93.7% in the moderate hyperopia group, and 69.9% in the high hyperopia group (%89.2 overall)., Conclusions: LASIK is safe and effective for correcting hyperopia in the short term; however, the efficacy of the procedure is limited in the patients with high hyperopia and longer follow-up., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa depth (ALD) and laminar thickness (LT) in eyes with angioid streaks (AS) in comparison with healthy eyes., Methods: Patients with AS (n=32 eyes) and age-matched healthy subjects (n=42 eyes) underwent enhanced depth imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head. RNFL thickness was obtained automatically by using the Heidelberg software. The ALD was defined as the vertical distance between the Bruch's membrane openings as reference plane and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa. The LT was measured as the distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the lamina cribrosa. RNFL thickness, ALD and LT were compared between the AS and healthy eyes adjusting for axial length., Results: The mean age was 51.7±8.0 years for AS patients and 53.8±10.2 years for control subjects (P=0.34). The mean RNFL thickness was 88.6±17.6μm in AS eyes and 102.1±8.3μm in control eyes; the difference between the groups was significantly significant. ALD was 350.9±70.8μm in AS eyes and 432.5±82.1μm in control eyes, while LT was 166.3±41.0μm in AS eyes and 241.3±43.2μm in control eyes. ALD and LT were also significantly thinner in AS eyes than control eyes (P=0.003, P<0.001; respectively)., Conclusion: Enhanced depth imaging revealed that eyes with AS demonstrate thinner RNFL, ALD and LT compared with normal eyes. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to understand the relationship between these findings and the morphologic changes and pathogenesis of AS., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) on neurosensory retinal detachment (SRD) associated with diabetic macular edema (DME) in the early treatment period., Methods: This was a retrospective, interventional, case-control study. After three monthly loading doses of IVR or an initial IDI injection, the changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) on OCT, and presence and height of SRD were evaluated., Results: The IVR and IDI groups consisted of 101 and 35 eyes, respectively. The mean changes in CMT in the IVR and IDI groups were 204.4±176.6 and 311.4±163, respectively (P<0.001). The mean changes in SRD height in the IVR and IDI groups were 133.6±92.1 and 168.6±103.9μm, respectively. The decrease in SRD height was significantly greater in the IDI group than in the IVR group (P=0.002). The SRD resolved completely in 72.2% and 71.4% of the patients in the IVR and IDI groups, respectively (P=0.9)., Conclusion: The mean reduction in CMT and SRD height was greater in the IDI group than in the IVR group. There was a negative correlation between baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SRD height and also between BCVA and CMT., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)