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Since the fault vibration data collected in real engineering may be accompanied by noise，traditional diagnostic models are difficult to identify fault categories，to address this problem，a rolling bearing fault diagnosis research method based on channel and spatial reconstruction and progressive convolutional neural networks （CSRP-CNN） was proposed.The model utilizes channel and spatial reconstruction convolution （CSConv） to reduce the redundant information of channels and space in fault features，and reduces the complexity and computation to improve the performance； using convolutional block attention module （CBAM），attention enhancement operation was carried out in the channel and spatial dimensions to make the model pay attention to important fault feature information； and progressive convolutional network structure was used in the shallow layer of the network，which will fuse the previous fault feature information fused with the current input to obtain richer feature information.The performance of CSRP-CNN was evaluated by two different datasets of Case Western Reserve University（CWRU）and machinery fault simulator magnum（MFS-MG）.After the noise and ablation tests，it is verified that CSRP-CNN has strong robustness and the effects of CSConv，CBAM and progressive convolutional neural network（PCNN） on the model noise immunity performance.