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Purpose of review: To trace the influence of disc hemorrhage studies on our understanding of glaucoma.Sources: Major articles published during the last 50 years since the rediscovery of disc hemorrhage were identified. A total of 196 articles were selected from 435 articles retrieved using the keywords glaucoma and disc hemorrhage as of August 9 2018 from PubMed.Recent findings: The main characteristics of disc hemorrhage, including its morphology, recurrence rate, duration, increased incidence in glaucoma, and role in the progression of normal tension glaucoma was well understood by the year 2000. Since then, studies have focused on more sophisticated and accurate methods of elucidating both structural and functional progression, with special attention to the role of the lamina cribrosa. Nevertheless, both the mechanism of disc hemorrhage development and its fuller relationship with glaucoma remain unclear.Summary: Disc hemorrhage research requires careful study of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. This has been facilitated by recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and other OCT technologies. Furthermore, animal studies of disc hemorrhage promise new insights into glaucomatous optic neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the clinical features of patients diagnosed with superior segmental optic hypoplasia (SSOH) and to quantitatively compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in SSOH eyes, to that in normal subjects.Study design: Retrospective comparative case series.Methods: We examined the medical charts of 106 eyes of 59 patients with SSOH and 35 eyes of 35 normal subjects as controls. Forty-four of 59 patients had been examined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Eyes with SSOH were classified into a definite and a suspect type determined by standard automated perimetry. The definite type had inferior visual field (VF) defects, while the suspect type did not have inferior VF defects. The findings of the SD-OCT images of 35 eyes with SSOH were compared to those of the 35 normal eyes.Results: Of the 106 eyes with SSOH, 56 (52.8%) were classified as the definite type and 50 (47.2%) as the suspect type. OCT showed that the average of the total RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the SSOH group than in the normal group (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). Sectorial analysis demonstrated that the RNFL was thinner than controls in all quadrants (all P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U test). The comparison of the hourly sectors showed that the RNFL was thinner at 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 o'clock sectors in the SSOH group than controls.Conclusions: Approximately one-half of eyes with SSOH had a detectable VF defect. OCT showed that eyes with SSOH have a thinner RNFL than controls except in 4 o'clock and from 7 o'clock to 9 o'clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have been performed regarding the topographic information obtained with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) in normal Japanese. In this study, we examined the factors influencing optic disc parameters and hemisphere symmetry obtained with the HRT in normal Japanese subjects. Mean values and the standard deviation range for the main HRT parameters were evaluated in 223 eyes of 223 normal Japanese subjects. The influence of age, sex, and disc size on HRT topographic data was analyzed. The superior and inferior hemisphere topographic parameters were compared. Disc area showed a significant difference by sex ( P = 0.0493). Rim volume ( r = −0.208, P = 0.019), height variation contour ( r = −0.275, P = 0.001), and mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness ( r = −0.366, P = 0.001) declined with age. All parameters except height variation contour and mean RNFL thickness showed a clinically significant correlation with disc size (−0.159 < r < 0.719, P < 0.01). Cup parameters in the superior hemisphere were significantly greater than those in the inferior hemisphere. In contrast, rim parameters in the superior hemisphere were significantly smaller than those in the inferior hemisphere. Some factors, namely, sex, age, and disc size, affected the optic disc parameters in the HRT measurements. Possible parameter asymmetry between the two hemispheres should be considered in normal eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005;49:469–476 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]