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Drawings were made on various types of paper using lead pencils of grades from 4H through 10B. Raman spectroscopy verified both G and D peaks on all the drawings on PC print paper, PC photopaper, kent paper, and paper for silver halide print. After irradiation with a scanning femtosecond laser, silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil maintained its surface flatness compared with the other types of paper. Raman spectroscopy on silver print paper showed a high-intensity G peak and a low-intensity D peak. After irradiating the scanning femtosecond laser on silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil, Raman spectroscopy showed a high-intensity G peak and less intense of D peak together with a 2D peak around 2,700 cm−1 corresponding to the existence of multigraphene.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on steel substrates by eleven suppliers using different types of equipment utilized in each company's own coating formation process. The deposition methods include sputtering, electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), arc ion plating (Arc), filtered arc deposition (FAD), and plasma-based ion implantation (PBII). Some correlation of mechanical properties seems to be valid in a narrow range of parameters produced by a particular deposition method. In order to investigate general correlations in a wide range of parameters, various DLC films were prepared by different suppliers on the same substrate, and were evaluated in exactly the same manner. Independent of deposition methods, there existed correlations of the hardness, elastic modulus and Raman shift with a wide range of mass density.

Titanium oxide thin films are prepared by the sol–gel technique with 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation using a Xe2 * excimer lamp. The effect of VUV irradiation on spin-coated films was investigated by UV-visible absorption, X-ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The results showed that VUV irradiation causes the removal of hydroxyl and organic functional groups from the transparent coating film without causing the reduction of titanium, so that the film begins to transform into an oxide from a hydroxide. It was found that VUV irradiation onto a dried coating film is effective in accelerating the formation of Ti–O networks and crystallization.