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"In this paper, the recent changes in sex differentials in India's mortality are studied first to ascertain the relative improvements and secondly to study the impact of these changes on [the] sex ratio of the population. The analysis...indicates that the reduction in mortality rates during 1971-1991 was higher for females, particularly...during 1981-91. The narrowing down of the gap between male and female mortality rates had started in the late 1970s and all the indicators considered here suggest that, at present, there is an excess of male mortality in India. The mortality change was favourable for improvement in sex ratio; the analysis shows that the changes in mortality differentials by sex alone would have led to an increase in sex ratio by more than 10 points during the last decade. Further analysis suggests that the sex ratio at birth in India changed considerably during the last decade and [that] most of the reduction in sex ratio [that] occurred during 1981-91 can be attributed to these changes.", (excerpt)

"This paper examines the implications of demographic transition...on kinship relationships in India during 1971-1988. Three simulations based on the schedules of fertility and mortality of India during 1971, 1981, and 1988 have been undertaken. The kinship size constitutes parents, grand parents, siblings (brothers and sisters) and children. Improved mortality condition has increased the percentage of kins in ancestor generation. The percentage of kins in ancestor generation was 15 percent in 1988 as compared to 8.5 percent in 1971.... The increase in the percent of kins in ancestor generation and the support ratio obviously shows the aging of the population.", (excerpt)

"This paper proposes the use of Weibull Hazard function to obtain [an] improved estimate of person years lived in infant and childhood ages. As the estimation procedure is too involved for those who construct life tables, an easier method of obtaining the same is provided.... An illustrative application of the procedure is also presented." The data used for this illustration are from the Sample Registration System of India., (excerpt)

"One of the critical factors affecting population growth is age at marriage, more specifically the female age of marriage.... The efforts made by Good Parents Groups (USA) in this direction to solve this problem are discussed in this paper." The geographical focus is on India., (excerpt)

"This paper provides a probability model for the total out-migration pattern from the rural areas [of India]. The suitability of [the] model [is] tested through observed data.", (excerpt)

"Based on a simple procedure developed by Menken (1979), the estimate of fecundability of migrated couples in the process of rural out-migration [in India] has been obtained in this paper. It is found that the estimates of fecundabilities for females of different age-groups are significantly larger than the level of fecundability estimated for non-migrated couples. Some possible explanations for observing such a large gap [are] given.", (excerpt)

"This study derives some probability models for all closed birth intervals and last closed birth intervals under [the] same set of assumptions. The models have been applied to some observed data taken from [India's] Varanasi Survey (1978). Models considered for analysis are presented in section two of the paper while section three deals with [the] illustration of models.", (excerpt)

"This paper aims to study the pattern of urbanization and the evolution of [the] relationship between rural-urban migration and the degree of economic development taking Gross National Product...into consideration. Intercensal age-specific rural net out-migration rates are also estimated from [tabulations] of the proportion of rural population of India by age through a recently developed procedure based on generalized stable population by Stupp (1989). A comparative study is also made between [the] survival column of India with a developed nation like Japan.", (excerpt)

"The female age at marriage is an important variable in the human reproduction process--especially in traditional societies in which almost all births occur within the marital context. This paper uses the Type I extreme value distribution to describe the female age at marriage pattern of a traditional society in India. A procedure to obtain maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the model is discussed. The model is found to be suitable for estimation of the observed proportion of ever married females, mean, median and model age at marriage.", (excerpt)

"In this paper an attempt is made to describe the probability model of the total number of migrants [at the household level]. The suitability of the model is tested through observed data [for India].", (excerpt)

"In this paper, [the] main aim is to examine the household structure and family units of a scheduled caste population--a traditional society of India--with the help of survey data. Data [are] from a socio-demographic survey [of a] scheduled caste population residing in the rural areas of Assam." Information is provided on types of households and family units; residence pattern and household structure; and household size., (excerpt)

"In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the crude impact of the factors: birth weight, maternal age, gravida and sex on sema-natal mortality [defined by the author as mortality occurring within the first seven days of life], on the one hand, and the relative effect of each of these factors individually, in the absence of the influence of other factors, on the other hand. For this study, data are collected from the case card records of mothers registered for delivery, during the period 1978-80 in Anand Municipal Hospital, Anand (India).... Out of [3,050] live births, 99 are found to have ended in deaths within seven days of their birth.", (excerpt)

Using program statistics and a few local studies, the paper examines the prevalence of sterilization in India and makes demographic analysis of the performance. Major points of note are that the prevalence rates expressed in terms of currently married women showed irregular fluctuations across time and the age pattern of acceptance hardly agreed with that of the married population. The selectivity of high fertility couples for sterilization had been fairly high, resulting in a low fertility impact. Estimates of births averted due to the program were derived by using a computerized microsimulation model CONVERSE. It appears that the path of fertility changes was not smooth in the last decade and the impact has been, as a rule, greatest 2 years after acceptance.

This paper discusses some probability models in relation to their application to the distribution of the number of migrants from a household. 2 types of distribution of migrants from a household are described here: 1) male migrants aged 15 and above and 2) total number of migrants including females and children from a household. It is found that the model proposed here fitted the several sets of observed data on the number of migrants satisfactorily well.

"In the present paper an attempt is made to study the inter-generational occupational mobility in three types of developing villages [in India] that are heterogeneous in many socio-economic and other aspects. The specific objectives of this study are: (i) to study the overall occupational mobility of fathers-sons and to find out the predicted equilibrium structure, (ii) to find the waiting time (number of generations) that sons will stay in their fathers' occupational state before moving to other ones and (iii) to test the hypothesis of identical class structures in these three types of heterogeneous societies." The data are from a 1978 sample survey, and "the basic simple time-homogeneous Markov Chain model by Prais (1955) is employed....", (excerpt)

"This paper attempts to analyse life-time as well as period migration data in India, derived from 1971 census, through conventional techniques as well as by the log-linear modelling." The differences between lifetime and period migration flows are analyzed., (excerpt)

"This paper presents some modifications [of] the usual life table technique to analyse the data on the time of first birth and inter live birth intervals which are compiled from the birth histories of females, of varying marital durations, enumerated in a retrospective survey." The fact that a female may not be exposed to the risk of conception following childbirth or marriage, because of postpartum amenorrhea or of customs involving visits to parents, is taken into account. A method to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the conditional risk of conception is given, and an analysis of birth intervals is presented using this technique and data for India from the Rural Development and Population Growth--A Sample Survey 1978., (excerpt)

"In this paper an attempt has been made to estimate return migration from the destination state of migrants for 15 major Indian states during 1961-71 among the life-time inter-state migrants enumerated in the 1961 census. The model used for estimation is based on the procedure suggested by Zachariah (1967) for estimating return migration from two census data." The results indicate that of the almost 13 million interstate migrants enumerated in the 1961 census, about 4.7 million returned during the period 1961-1971. Factors affecting this return migration are considered., (excerpt)

"This paper deals with derivation of models to describe the number of births to women during interval (O,T) of length T, when the start of the observation is marriage as well as when it is a distant point after marriage. These models are extensions of the models of Singh, et al., (1973) and of Sheps and Menken (1973) and can suitably be applied to data for short periods of observation as the parameters are assumed to be homogeneous in time. The methods to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are outlined." The models are applied to data from a sample survey on rural development and population growth carried out by the Demographic Research Centre of Banaras Hindu University in 1978 in order to examine trends in fecundability and sterility by age of women., (excerpt)

"The present paper aims to find out the influence of birth order and maternal age on sex ratio at birth in Greater Bombay [India] by considering 1.5 million births during the period 1970-78. The relationship sex ratio at birth has [with] birth order and maternal age follows a quadratic model." The percentage variation explained by a linear model is less than that explained by the quadratic model., (excerpt)

"In the present paper some socio-economic determinants of female nuptiality in India have been discussed. An integrated path analysis approach is adopted to ascertain the direct, indirect and joint effect of the socio-economic factors on the age at marriage of females in rural and urban areas of various states of India. From the analysis, it became evident that effective literacy is the most dominant factor influencing the age at marriage of the females. Poverty is also a contributing factor in preventing a rise in the age at marriage.", (excerpt)

This paper develops probability distributions to describe the variations in the number of live birth-conceptions to a female during a given time interval (0, To) of length To. In the derivation, the interval (0, To) is divided into 2 consecutive segments, and fertility parameters within each segment are assumed to be constant but may differ between the segments. A method of obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters is outlined. The models are applied to an observed set of data. An application of the models in the evaluation of family planning programs is illustrated.