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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network. Since the 1970s, several TCP variants have been introduced to deal with the fast increasing network capacities, especially in high Bandwidth Delay Product (high-BDP) networks. The significance of this protocol stems from its numerous congestion management mechanisms, which manipulate TCP sending rates and force TCP to respond to congestion alerts. This is a transport layer protocol that interacts with the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how devices send data packets to one another. The paper makes a comparative analysis of TCP variants like TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP New Reno, TCP Vegas and TCP Sack over different routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR, considering factors such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Delay (milliseconds), and Throughput (Megabits per second), while the mobile nodes are in motion (considering different speeds) using the Network Simulation (NS-2) software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network. Since the 1970s, several TCP variants have been introduced to deal with the fast increasing network capacities, especially in high Bandwidth Delay Product (high-BDP) networks. The different variants are: TCP Tahoe, TCP Reno, TCP New Reno, TCP Linux, TCP Vegas, TCP Sack, etc. TCP provides the quality of performing consistently well and End-To-End (ETE) delivery of packets in the network. Each of these TCP variants has its own mechanism against the problem, some of these approaches can estimate available bandwidths and some react based on network loss and/or delay changes. It is essential to perform a comparison between the high-speed TCP variants that have a high standard of importance, especially after a quick growth of networks bandwidths. In this paper, TCP variants that are implemented in Linux have been evaluated using NS2 network simulator. This performance evaluation presents the advantages and disadvantages in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), ETE delay and throughput using different applications like File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]