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The Indian government made Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mandatory in 2013 by amending the Companies Act, complicating research studies on the topic. This paper is a bibliometric analysis of recent trends in research on CSR in India. VOSViewer is employed to visualize networks such as keyword co-occurrences and author collaborations. With the help of BibExcel, other aspects of bibliometric analysis are carried out. Based on an analysis of 685 papers/retrieved articles from Scopus, the study finds that a company's financial performance has become central to CSR orientation in recent years. Co-occurring keywords suggest that sustainability issue is becoming important and that CSR fosters a positive brand image of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial distress refers to the inability of firms to fulfill their debt obligations. This paper studies the impact of certain corporate governance measures or board characteristics on the probability of financial distress in various corporate sectors (manufacturing and non-manufacturing) in India. The higher the institutional ownership, the lower is the financial distress for the majority of the sectors, except telecom where firms having higher institutional ownership are found to be more financially distressed. Higher managerial ownership leads to less financial distress in the consumer and transport equipment sector. Measures like board size, number of board meetings, and commissioner's proportion are found to have a different impact on the probability of financial distress in diverse sectors. It has been observed that they have a positive influence on some sectors and a negative influence on others. So overall, a sectoral difference was observed in the impact of various board characteristics on the financial distress of firms in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to know the extent of web reporting practices in the Indian corporate sector and inter-sector comparison of web reporting practices. A sample of 50 companies from different sectors was covered for this purpose. The analysis of results of the study shows that about 80% of the sample companies provided mandatory and voluntary information. The banking sector provided financial information to a greater extent compared to the other sectors. Balance sheet and profit and loss account have been provided in a majority of the cases, and only a few companies provided the director's report and auditor's report. Most of the companies provided information about the company profile, company history, company products and services, etc. and did not give any relevant information from the user's point of view. Results show that the Indian companies have started using the Internet as a medium for reporting. Though the percentage of companies giving information for investor's use is not very high, there are chances of an increasing trend in the Indian corporate sector. The percentage of Indian companies reporting via Internet is low compared to other advanced countries, but will gain importance in the future. The paper suggests that greater stress should be given to providing up-to-date financial information and to including full annual report while presenting information on websites. Awareness should be created among various users regarding corporate web reporting, and users' perception should be kept in mind while providing web disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the commitment by the enterprises to integrate social, environmental and ethical concerns into its business process to make contributions to the community and society. The New Companies Act 2013 has mandated CSR for the companies with effect from April 2014. This paper focuses on the CSR spend made by corporate India and its composition. The paper also aims to study the relation between CSR spend, ownership structure, market capitalization and industry classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between CSR rating and financial parameters (sales and profit before tax) and age of companies, in India. Using a quantitative methodology, the study found that profit is more correlated to CSR rating as compared to sales and age of the companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the century has witnessed a paradigm shift in business objectives. The economic objective of profit earning, though essential, is insufficient to satisfy the ever-growing and divergent needs of a myriad of stakeholders that modern corporations have to contend with. The corporation, being a legal entity, is viewed as any other citizen in the society, having its rights and duties. Hence, the concepts of corporate citizenship and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have come into vogue. CSR initiatives, to really bear fruit, must result in a mutuality of benefits for the society/stakeholders as well as for the corporation itself. CSR initiatives should be so integrated and internalized by the corporations that they are placed at the very heart of the business and not merely as an appendage to it. Corporations that have understood this mantra of corporate success have internalized the benefits flowing from responsible corporate citizenship and can hope to reap rich dividends in terms of improved corporate reputation, gaining consumers' trust, employee motivation and retention and favorable market positioning, just to name a few. This paper seeks to study how some Indian companies at the forefront of corporate citizenship have integrated their CSR initiatives with their business strategy, rather than undertaking some unfocused CSR measures simply as a knee-jerk reaction to external societal pressures. Such a study may throw some light on the question as to why an organization contributes to social cause and what it expects to gain in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics refers to moral demands regarding the business and is based on a theory of the relationship between business and society. Ethics is a good business investment that generates trust and confidence between the parties and in turn guarantees long-term performance. Corporate identity is formed in the way a company manages the stakeholder claims through its values and actions. This paper attempts to define different nonfinancial parameters of ethical identity based on corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and sustainability and measure the extent of ethical practices followed in selected companies based on these parameters. Using Kruskal Wallis analysis, it was found that there is a significant difference between different industries in following and reporting ethical practices in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business enterprises consume the resources of the society for manufacturing of goods and services. Now in the process of creation of business utilities like form utility, time utility, ownership utility, etc., both the ecosystem and the society get severely affected due to Green House Gases (GHG) emission and other hazardous activities, thereby creating a social obligation on the corporate houses to take care of the society and uphold the tenet of 'People', 'Planet' and 'Profit'. In view of the growing importance and mandatory requirements under Companies Act, 2013, for the companies to undertake Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) subject to certain requirements, it is of paramount research interest to reconnoiter the social and financial dimensions of select companies of eight core sectors of Indian economy, i.e., Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement and Electricity. The basis for undertaking a study of the above-mentioned core sectors are that most of the core sector-based companies by nature of their activities emit GHG, utilize non-renewable resources, constitute 40.27% of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), contribute substantially to the Gross Domestic Product of India, etc. The social and relationship capital will be studied for both public and private sector companies and correlation analysis among CSR expenditure and Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) and CSR and Profits After Tax (PAT) will be done to understand the relationship between CSR activities and the mentioned financial variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks into the impact of corporate governance and firm attributes on Intellectual Capital (IC) disclosure in Indian publicly listed companies. The IC disclosure was measured using content analysis method. The study examined annual reports of top Indian corporations based on their market value from 2009-2010 to 2018-2019. The influence of corporate governance and firm attributes on IC disclosure was investigated using panel data analysis. The findings show that corporate governance and firm attributes impact the amount of IC information revealed in Indian listed companies' annual reports. The study focused solely on information reported in annual reports; other forms of corporate communication were not included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate governance is an institutional arrangement that not only addresses the agency problem between shareholders and managers of the firm, but also provides the context for the decisions taken by the top management of the firm. In this context, the main question is whether ownership types influence corporate governance practices of firms. This research empirically studies corporate governance and disclosure practices of firms segregated according to types of ownership, i.e., foreign firms, private sector firms and public sector firms. Such firms are diverse entities with different management philosophy, responsibility and structure. This research focuses on firms across various sectors listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and seeks to identify whether corporate governance and disclosure practices of foreign firms, private sector and public sector firms are significantly different. The research also emphasizes the salient features of firms according to ownership types. The findings shed light on the governance and disclosure practices of firms segregated according to ownership types in the legal and institutional environment of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital has emerged as an important source of sustainable competitive advantage in the knowledge-based economy. However, due to the dominance of financial and accounting conventions, corporate public reporting is limited in capturing information on human capital. The objective of the present study is to investigate the human capital disclosure phenomenon in the case of Indian firms with specific reference to Nifty 50 companies. Based on the findings of the study, 11 distinct themes related to the human capital disclosure practices of Indian companies have emerged. Amongst those themes, 'employee compensation and benefit' is found to be the most reported content of human capital disclosure, followed by 'training and development', while 'work place safety initiative' is found to be the least reported content of human capital disclosure. The analysis of Human Capital Disclosure Index (HCDI) score of the Nifty companies revealed that computer and software industry has the highest average HCDI score, followed by banks and pharmaceutical industry. The study observed a wide discrepancy in human capital disclosure practices based on the industry-level data. The findings also reveal that 'employee expense as a proportion of its total operating expense' has a significant positive impact on HCDI. Also, there is no significant impact of human capital disclosure on the market value of the companies. The implications of the study for practitioners and policy makers are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a large variation in the quality of corporate governance practices adopted by firms even when they are subject to the same contractual environment. Therefore, it is possible that firms within the same country have widely divergent standards of overall corporate governance. This leads to the fact that different Indian firms could have varying standards of corporate governance disclosure. The present study aims to provide an understanding of corporate governance disclosure levels of Indian companies in the private and public sector. It provides useful insights into comparing and contrasting corporate governance practices of public and private sector companies in India by developing a Corporate Governance Disclosure Score (CGDS). Research in the field of corporate governance disclosure during recent years has mainly focused on the disclosure practices in the annual reports of firms. In conducting this research also, annual reports for the year 2008-2009 of 77 listed Indian companies have been used as a main source of information. While 48 of these companies belong to the private sector, 29 belong to the public sector. The sample is drawn from across eight industries. The study uses the univariate parametric t-test and non-parametric Mann Whitney test for comparing means, and the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the CGDSs of public and private sector companies in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]