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Nowadays, instant messenger has become an indispensable tool for most people, giving them a new way for interpersonal communications. To most of the instant messenger users, ignoring messages being read has become an annoying topic. This study attempts to examine whether the differences in information richness, "read" functionality, and sender-receiver relationship have any impact on the message sender's expectation of receiver's immediate reply. The study also investigates the influence on emotional neglect by personal involvement and expectation of immediate reply. A laboratory experiment was used to answer research questions. 360 participants, who were instant messenger users, were randomly assigned into six groups where information richness, read functionality, and sender-receiver relationship were controlled. The findings are as follows: (1) The information richness and read functionality have an impact on the expectation of immediate reply; (2) The sender-receiver relationship has no impact on the message sender's expectation of immediate reply; (3) Sender's expectation of immediate reply did not affect the emotional neglect; (4) The level of personal involvement significantly influences emotional neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid growth of the smartphone and tablet computer market has facilitated the development of applications on mobile platforms such as "The App Store" from Apple, "Google Play" from Google, and "Marketplace" from Windows Phone. The aims of this study are to understand whether different operating systems and types of apps affect purchase intention. To test the research hypotheses, 200 volunteers were recruited on the PTT Bulletin Board System in Taiwan to participate in the experiment. At the end of the experiment, 197 copies of completed, valid responses were collected. The study randomly assigned the participants into one of four groups (Android-functional, Android-entertainment, IOS-functional, IOS-entertainment). Results showed that the app types influence their users' perceptions of relative advantage and compatibility. There are significant differences in the perceptions of compatibility, complexity, price, interpersonal influence, and purchase intention for using apps developed on different operating systems. Gender has no impact on users' perceptions of the characteristics of innovation, price, interpersonal and external influence, and purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]