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Dit artikel is een samenvatting van het rapport "Laag pathogene aviaire influenza virus iInfecties op pluimveebedrijven in Nederland" (CVI 2012). Dit rapport is geschreven naar aanleiding van vragen van het toenmalige Ministerie van Economische zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie. De vragen die werden gesteld zijn: - hebben pluimveebedrijven met vrije uitloop een grotere kans op introductie van LPAI virus infecties?; - is de kans op introductie gerelateerd aan wilde vogels?; - is er een periode in het jaar waarin het risico op infectie groter is? - kunnen er factoren geidentificeerd worden die de kans op introductie verminderen?

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the importance of socio-cultural factors in risk management and the need to incorporate these factors in a standard, internationally recognized (wto) framework. This was achieved by analysing the relevance of these factors in 3 casesThe purpose of this article is to illustrate the importance of socio-cultural factors in risk management and the need to incorporate these factors in a standard, internationally recognized (WTO) framework. This was achieved by analysing the relevance of these factors in three cases. It can be concluded that the pre-eminent role of science in food-related regulatory decisions is debatable. At a risk management level, other factors, such as cultural, social, or economic issues, are often more important than scientific advice in determining policy. There is a need for transparency at an international level as trade barriers are gradually being removed and these other factors arc becoming more apparent. Therefore it is important that all the factors implicated in the food safety policy-making process are recognized in a standard framework., Dit artikel wil het belang aangeven van sociaal-culturele factoren bij het risico-management en ook het belang om deze facoren in een internationaal erkend standaardschema op te nemen

Aan de hand van achttien vragen en antwoorden wordt het begrip MRSA (methicilline resistente Staphylococcus aureus) in landbouwhuisdieren behandelt

Potential risk factors for clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) in pigs in the Netherlands were investigated in a matched case-control study using a questionnaire (personal interview). Eighty-two pig farmers were questioned about management, hygiene, husbandry systems, disease history, and preventive health care. In this study, 30 pig herds with (cases) and 30 pig herds without (controls) characteristic clinical signs of PMWS were compared. For PDNS, 11 pig herds with (cases) and 11 pig herds without (controls) characteristic clinical signs of PDNS were compared. Univariate analysis (P <0.10) showed that the following occurred relatively more often in the PMWS case herds than in the control herds: 1) clinical signs of PDNS, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), porcine parvovirus (PPV) infections, meningitis, coccidiosis, and pre-weaning diarrhoea observed by the farmer; 2) vaccination against PRRS and mycoplasma; 3) non-optimal climatic conditions in the nursery rooms, a large variation in weaning age, a high occurrence of cross-fostering of piglets, a large number of sows with lactation problems, poor colostrum intake by piglets; and 4) historical) use of breeding stock (including semen for artifi cial insemination) of Anglo-Saxon origin. In the fi nal multivariate statistical model, one variable remained signifi cantly associated with PMWS case herds, namely, the presence of clinical signs of PRRS (and/or the associated use of vaccination against PRRS). It should be noted that in almost all cases animals were vaccinated against PRRS because of clinical signs of PRRS that appeared a few months after the first occurrence of clinical signs of PMWS. This excludes PRRS vaccination as a primary factor in causing PMWS. Analysis of the PDNS case-control data showed comparable results with those of the PMWS study. In the fi nal statistical model, the presence of clinical, Potentiële risicofactoren voor het optreden van klinische verschijnselen van Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting syndrome (PMWS) en Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome(PDNS) bij varkens werd onderzocht in een case-control onderzoek. 82 varkenshouders werden in een persoonlijk interview ondervraagd over bedrijfsvoering, hygiëne, houderijsysteem, ziektehistorie en preventieve diergezondheidsmaatregelen. In dit onderzoek werden 30 varkensbedrijven met en 30 varkensbedrijven zonder varkens met PMWS vergeleken, voor PDNS werden 11 bedrijven met en 11 bedrijven zonder vergeleken