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Normalization indicates that states have opened a new page in their bilateral relations, and while it does not cover some problematic areas in relations and does not offer a final solution, it serves to create a reasonable basis for dialogue. The concept of normalisation includes the capacity to transform not only the political but also the economic dimension of Turkish-Israeli relations. This article contends that before the normalisation process in the bilateral relationship, the economic and especially the commercial dimension of the relations remained at a certain level and maintained its strong position even during tense diplomatic and political periods. In this context, the article draws attention to the fact that the normalization of Israel-Turkey relations is an ongoing process and aims to indicate that despite the existence of some disagreements, the search for cooperation on specific issues of common interest may continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the tensions in Turkish–Israeli relations during the 2010s as well as prospects and challenges of normalisation from an ontological security perspective. Emphasising the role of conflicts in the provision of ontological security, it illustrates how frictions with Israel and attachment to the Palestinian issue serve the identity needs of Turkey's political elites and provides additional avenues for responding to legitimacy challenges. The article suggests that comprehensive normalisation of relations remains elusive and uncertain despite recent positive steps as this may engender ontological insecurity for both countries and can lead to a backlash towards hostile identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the position towards Jews, Judaism, and the State of Israel of Sheikh Dr. Ahmad al-Raysuni, the Moroccan scholar who is the current president of the International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS). It discusses Raysuni's legal rulings on normalisation and peace agreement with Israel, as well as his pragmatic legal opinion about Muslims living in Israel. The latter is contrasted with that of the former president of the IUMS, Sheikh Yusuf Qaraḍawi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes social media presence of all parties, leaders, and candidates (PLCs) during Israel's 2015 electoral campaign, within a transformational era for online campaigns. The article adheres to the theoretical frameworks of normalisation/equalisation hypotheses and personalised politics. Its research design is based on a cross-platform analysis. Findings indicate not only a centralised personalisation trend but rather a depersonalised web sphere. Leaders are more prominent online compared to other candidates; and parties out-perform their leaders, too. Furthermore, findings point to a normalised web sphere, even when referring to new and trendy platforms, revealing that the chances of political newcomers entering the parliamentary arena are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahatma Gandhi's 1938 statement that 'Palestine belongs to the Arabs' has not lost its relevance even after India reversed its four-decade-old policy of recognition-without-relations and normalised relations with Israel in January 1992. Critics see growing Indo-Israeli relations as an abandonment of Gandhian values while supporters use the 1938 statement to reiterate India's continued support for the Palestinians. 'Palestine belongs to the Arabs in the same sense that England belongs to the English or France to the French!'(Gandhi, 'The Jews'). This November 1938 remark by Mahatma Gandhi has been the most widely quoted statement on India's foreign policy. It is impossible to identify any writing – Indian or foreign – on India's approach towards the Jews, Israel, or the broader Middle East without this. Interestingly, Gandhi's observation can be noticed in prominent writings both before and after India normalised relations with Israel in January 1992. Despite the changed circumstances, the continued flagging of Gandhi to explain India's policy towards Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict raises an important question: why to cite Gandhi's pro-Arab statement when Indo-Israeli relations have been blossoming remarkably? Has normalisation changed India's understanding and approach towards Gandhi's views? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]