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BACKGROUND: The volume in resistance training (RT) perhaps improve the autonomic modulation cardiac in untrained adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the effect of RT volume on heart rate variability (HRV) in young adults. METHODS: The intervention order was randomized and counterbalanced. Participants (n = 27) performed 1, 3 or 5 sets of the same exercises with equalized intensity (loading zones) and rested for eight weeks following eight weeks of washout between each experimental condition (1 vs. 3 vs. 5 sets). The researchers assessed HRV by cardiac monitoring seventy-two hours, both before (pre) and after (post) each experimental RT condition (1 vs. 3 vs. 5 sets). Factorial repeated measures ANOVA 2 × 3 were used to analyze the interaction between time (pre vs. post) and intervention (1 set vs. 3 sets vs. 5 sets) for the HRV index (RMSSD, SDNN, and pNN50). RESULTS: An interaction was identified between time and condition for RMSSD ( F (5 , 22) = 37.02, p < 0.01), SDNN ( F (5 , 22) = 32.80, p < 0.01), and pNN50 ( F (5 , 22) = 29.92, p < 0.02). Five set conditions (p = 0.01) showed improvement in HRV indicators when compared to one set and three set conditions. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that 5 set conditions improved HRV in young untrained adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Flexibility is an important component of physical fitness. However, to date, there is no comparative study between men and women concerning the influence of resistance training (RT) on flexibility. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of RT on flexibility in young adult men and women. METHODS: Twenty-eight men and 30 women underwent progressive RT for 16 weeks, 3 times per week. Anthropometric and flexibility measurements were performed at pre-training, mid-training, and post-training. The flexibility measurements were obtained using a fleximeter. RESULTS: There was no significant sex by time interaction (P > 0.05) for any outcomes. Both sexes increased flexibility similarly from baseline to mid-training in shoulder extension (10.4-11.1%) and lateral trunk inclination (2.4-3.4%). Shoulder flexion increased at same magnitude in men and women from baseline to post-training (1.3-2.8%). Hip flexion and trunk flexion scores increased from baseline to mid-training (hip flexion = 3.7-3.9%, trunk flexion = 2.7%), however, a decrease was observed from mid- to post-training (hip flexion = -2.4 - -2.6%, trunk flexion = -1.4%) with values returning to baseline with no difference between men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that regardless of sex, RT improves or at least preserves the flexibility of different joint movements in young adult men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies are conflicting as to whether single-set resistance training (RT) are as effective as multi-set protocols with respect to promoting muscular adaptations. Several meta-analyses have shown that a clear dose-response relationship exists between RT volume and muscular adaptations. However, a majority of studies were not specific to older individuals, particularly women. OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in strength and body composition in elderly women following 1 vs. 3 sets of RT.METHODS: Thirty older women participated in a 12-week supervised total body RT program. Participants were randomly assigned to perform either 1 set (G1S) or 3 sets (G3S) per session. All other RT variables were held constant. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength was evaluated by 1RM in chest press and knee extension. RESULTS: Increases in strength were significantly (p< 0.05) greater in G3S versus G1S in both the chest press (+26.6%, versus +20.3%) and the knee extension (+23.9% versus +16.2%). No significant (p> 0.05) differences were noted in body composition components between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that multiple set protocols are required to optimize strength gains in older women. Changes in body composition appear to be similar irrespective of training volume during the initial stages of RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]