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ABSTRACTA thermodynamic computational model was formulated to depict the amalgamated (top and bottom) blown basic oxygen steelmaking process involving scrap metal and lime dissolution. The model encompasses multifarious factors, encompassing scrap chemistry, temperature distribution, and varied lime sizes within the furnace. Analysis of the model's outcomes underscores the substantial impact of scrap on temperature regulation and slag FeO content. Elevated carbon proportions in the scrap correspondingly correlate with diminished carbon elimination rates and heightened FeO content within the slag, as projected by the model. Furthermore, the model's projections of transient metal compositions harmonize with empirical data from the plant. These findings substantiate the applicability of such models in optimizing steelmaking processes and anticipating the ultimate product's quality.

A thermodynamic computational model was formulated to depict the amalgamated (top and bottom) blown basic oxygen steelmaking process involving scrap metal and lime dissolution. The model encompasses multifarious factors, encompassing scrap chemistry, temperature distribution, and varied lime sizes within the furnace. Analysis of the model's outcomes underscores the substantial impact of scrap on temperature regulation and slag FeO content. Elevated carbon proportions in the scrap correspondingly correlate with diminished carbon elimination rates and heightened FeO content within the slag, as projected by the model. Furthermore, the model's projections of transient metal compositions harmonize with empirical data from the plant. These findings substantiate the applicability of such models in optimizing steelmaking processes and anticipating the ultimate product's quality.

ABSTRACTInsights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization, demanganization, and dephosphorization. The model considers gas–metal interactions at the impact zone and slag–metal–gas interactions at the emulsion zone in an oxygen steelmaking converter. The model includes sub-models for lime dissolution and heat loss calculation. FactSage™ software and its macro programming facility were employed to integrate thermochemical and kinetic information into the model. The model predicts the temperature, composition, and volume of several phases involved in the process. The model predictions transient metal and slag compositions and metal bath temperature, were found to be consistent with the plant data.

Insights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization, demanganization, and dephosphorization. The model considers gas–metal interactions at the impact zone and slag–metal–gas interactions at the emulsion zone in an oxygen steelmaking converter. The model includes sub-models for lime dissolution and heat loss calculation. FactSage™ software and its macro programming facility were employed to integrate thermochemical and kinetic information into the model. The model predicts the temperature, composition, and volume of several phases involved in the process. The model predictions transient metal and slag compositions and metal bath temperature, were found to be consistent with the plant data.

Improving the quality of stainless-steel hinges significantly on precisely managing decarburisation within the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) process. This study introduces a dynamic model capable of accurately predicting the composition and weight of steel and slag. To thoroughly investigate the refining processes, a systematic analysis was conducted, integrating three essential adiabatic zones within the AOD converter: the continuous stirred-tank reactor, slag bath and plug flow reactor, supported by circulation and recirculation streams. FactSageTMsoftware and its macro facility were utilised to identify the different phases present in steel and slag. This dynamic model not only forecasts critical process parameters like temperature, composition and volume of multiple phases but also enables the prediction of the final chromium content for different initial carbon inputs, specifically at 2%, 1.5% and 1 wt.%. By comparing the model's predictions with actual plant data, it was observed that the transient compositions of steel and slag exhibited consistency, confirming the model's validity and reliability in simulating AOD refining processes.