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This study explains early school-leaving in lower secondary education in the Netherlands, taking into account background characteristics, family resources and school composition factors at the same time. We distinguish four groups of school-leavers: "dropouts" (those without any qualification), those who leave school with a diploma in lower secondary education ("low qualified"), those who complete apprentice-based tracks ("apprentices") and those who continue education and receive a full upper secondary qualification ("full qualification"). The breakdown into these four groups reveals clear differences in the effects of different factors on the risk of early school-leaving. (Contains 1 figure, 2 tables and 10 notes.)