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The chemical composition of CHCl3extract of Phlomis linearifoliawas investigated and it was determined that the main part of the extract is lipids. The experiments showed that chloroform extract of Ph. linearifoliaconsists of neutral lipids containing 14 fatty acids, glycolipids—13 fatty acids and phospholipids—12 fatty acids. Fatty acids 16:0 (52.46%) and the sum of 18:1 + 18:3 (16.32%) are dominated in neutral acid fraction. Fatty acids of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions are enriched with acids 16:0 (65.23 and 56.41%, respectively) and 18:0 (13.82 and 13.85%). The content of ω-6 linoleic acid is very low and forms less than 1% in neutral acid and glycolipid fractions and in phospholipid—10.37%. CHCl3extract of Ph. linearifoliawas studied on growth-stimulating activity on cultures of wheat and cotton in vitro. It was revealed that the extract of Ph. linearifoliahas most activity to wheat. Length of the roots and shoots of wheat treated with 0.001% and 0.0001% extract exceeds the control values on 45% and 40.0% (for roots), and on 20.6% and 26.2% (for shoots), respectively.