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The aims of this study are to find out what materials that used to produce red color on ikat weaving threads; what factors affect the making of red color on ikat weaving threads; the process of plants processing that used as a natural red colorant for the thread; and the kinds of red color produced from natural colorant plants. The samples were taken from the Kupang Regency area consists of three villages that are: Oesao, Sahraen, and Apraen village. The sample that took from three villages is Noni root, teak leaves, betel nut, and cherry fruit as the additional sample that was obtained from Dutalia Supermarket in Kupang city. The method that used in this study is the qualitative method with documenting technique and experiment. This study was done from January to March in the Biology Laboratorium of Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana, Kupang. The result of this study was found 11 red colors that produced from 4 kinds of plant that used for coloring the jark they are Noni root produced 4 colors (deep maroon, strawberry red, cardinal red, and terraccota. Cherry fruit produced 5 colors (coral pink, powder pink, hot pink, baby pink, and watermelon pink). Teak leaves produced the red-violet color and the last is Betel nut produced 2 colors (rust brown).

This paper presented the effect of dielectric properties of henna-based composite towards the performance of the tag antenna for UHF-RFID application. The dielectric properties focused in this work were dielectric constant and loss tangent. Henna-based composite was developed with different amount of henna loading as the substrate for RFID passive tag. The design of antenna was optimized using CST Microwave software to achieve resonance frequency at 915 MHz. The output parameters from this work were reflection coefficient (dB), bandwidth (MHz), gain (dB), directivity (dBi), antenna efficiency (%) and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). In conclusion, dielectric properties of the substrate affect all the output parameters significantly except for directivity value.

The utilization of slag as cement replacement has been widely developed for the concrete mixture. It is shown by the increment of the concrete performance even though unique characteristics during the cement-slag reaction were present. Slag is the waste of the steel industry which has various qualities. Unfortunately, this type of waste is not well identified in past research as supplementary material for the concrete. This paper will study the best proportion of slag cement as supplementary material in concrete for the special use of the rigid pavement. Solely, the mix design criteria for the experiment is not available yet so that preliminary experiment both physical and chemical are investigated for the special purpose of the target of minimum high strength concrete of 35 MPa. The chemical substances of two main oxides of sodium and potassium from ordinary Portland cement is essential to see the alkali activity that leads to the strength quality of the concrete specimen. Otherwise, the consideration of water-cement ratio must be relevant to the quality of concrete matrices.

Online customer reviews (OCRs) are the text features of a consumer feedback on the crowdfunding platform. Utilization of OCRs as online survey provide an opportunity to obtain extensive and fast data about product information, experience of use and services. OCRs can be important information to identify consumer desires for a product design. This research proposes to utilize OCRs as input in developing products for start-up product. The object of this research is technology products. 34,006 OCRs were collected by scraping from kickstarter website. Opinion pros and cons are classified so as to produce 26,993 positive reviews and 13,203 negative reviews. extracted data use text pre-processing and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) is used to select words through the classification of product design attributes. Our results show that the functional attributes and followed by aesthetics to be an important role in product design because these attributes have high reviews that customers consider when choice and buying products. More than that, the pros and cons based on relative value of product design reviews contained in online customer reviews are consideration for maintain and evaluate product design attributes. So that technology product produced by startup product can be successful in the online market.

In Gunungkidul, there is Agricultural Techno Park (ATP) Nglanggeran which processes fermented cocoa beans from local farmers for making chocolate products. This research aimed to obtain a suitable packaging method for fermented cocoa beans during storage in ATP Nglanggeran. This research was carried out using a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the addition of starter (B), which consisted of B1 (with Lactobacillus plantarum HL 15) and B2 (without Lactobacillus plantarum HL 15). The second factor was the packaging methods (K), which consisted of K1 (vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness), K2 (non-vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness), K3 (plastic container), K4 (vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness stored within the plastic container), and K5 (nylon sack). The third factor was the storage time (P), which were P0 (0 month), P1 (1 month), and P2 (2 months). The result showed that the samples with the addition of the starter had a lower number of fungal colonies than those without the addition. Besides, the packaging using vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness stored within a plastic container gave the best result on minimizing the total fungal growth contamination and the peroxide value.

Research on the development of foods containing probiotics is growing, such as research in the incorporation of probiotics in chocolate. Nevertheless, the quality attributes of the probiotic-enriched chocolate have not been fully explored. This present study is a preliminary study to the impact of ingredients proportion and processing method on the quality attributes of probiotic milk chocolate, more specifically on moisture content, appearance, hardness, rheological behavior, and microstructural characteristics. In this study, four different formulations and processing methods were involved. Skim milk powder was used as a freeze-dried probiotic replacer as it has high similarity in terms of physical characteristics. The result showed that chocolate containing freeze-dried probiotic powder replacer (Choc B) tended to have the comparable hardness and L*values to the chocolate reference (Choc A). However, hardness and L* values of milk chocolates enriched with freeze-dried probiotic powder replacer formulated with milk butter (Choc C and Choc D) were lower than that of chocolate reference (Choc A). Concerning the moisture level and flow parameters, Choc C exhibited higher moisture content and flow parameters values than other chocolates. Microstructural visualization showed that all chocolates exhibited a low level of agglomeration degree with particle sizes in the range of 19-32 μm.

Transit Oriented Development, hereinafter referred to as TOD, is a concept of regional development based and centered on a mass public transit station, which accommodates new growth into a mixed area with an area of 350 m to 700 m from the center of the area that is integrated with the area around it through the use of ground surface space, elevated space and underground. In the existing conditions in the field and the lack of availability of public transport services to the public there are still lacks of lack of attention from transportation providers, one of which is the interconnection and integration of public transport, where the facilities and infrastructure for moving public transportation are inadequate at the beginning and end of a trip (first mile and last mile). smooth traffic is needed to meet the target of public transport services. Planning and re-evaluating traffic networks and implementing transportation policies that can support the use of public transportation. The need for integration of public transportation in order to reduce travel time, as well as to improve the standard of living of the people, then based on these considerations, the Development of DKI Jakarta TOD needs to be done as an effort to realize healthy transportation.

Someone who has impaired vision or blindness has a condition that is susceptible to dangers that are around him such as the presence of animals, vehicles or obstructions. People with visual impairments carry out their activities based on estimates of their feelings. One obstacle that is often faced by blind people is that if they are in a new environment, they must recognize patterns around the environment such as roads, rooms, or certain important places.his research in the form of blind shoe design using ultrasonic, color sensor and Arduino Uno microcontroller, with fuzzy logic, aims to help blind people, especially children who are educated in extraordinary schools so that in carrying out their learning activities do not experience obstacles in recognizing the school environment, such as study rooms or classrooms, toilets and roads that are in the school environment. The method used is experimental, the color sensor can read input in the form of red, blue, green and yellow which is the blind pointing pathway, and ultrasonic can read the distance of obstacles in front of the shoe using an intelligent fuzzy logic system. A pair of shoes uses Bluetooth communication, output in the form of sound through earphones as a guide to the classroom or toilet.

Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman International Airport, Sepinggan, Balikpapan or abbreviated to SAMS is the largest airport in East Kalimantan Province. it is necessary to conduct a deeper study of the airline services performance on passenger satisfaction. From this study, it is expected that the service performance information will be obtained including ticket information, service officers in the check-in room, service officers in the waiting room, services on the aircraft and others to provide input in service improvement. The research reported in this paper is investigating passenger satisfaction on flight routes from Balikpapan to Yogyakarta. The study was conducted by observation, interview and questionnaire distribution. The research plan is carried out from the beginning of January 2020 to June 2020 starting from preparation, investigation of passenger satisfaction, data analysis to research results. Respondents targets include Lion Air passengers, Garuda Indonesia passengers, Batik Air passengers, Sriwijaya Air Passengers and Citilink passengers.

The purpose of this research is to know the effect of addition durian rind ash as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Waste of Durian rind ash containing potassium oxide compound can be used as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process. Potassium oxide in durian rind ash catalyst has been synthesized by the simple burning method. In this research, durian rind ash catalyst was potentially for biodiesel production from Pangi (Pangium Edule Reinw) oil. The optimum biodiesel yield of 96.24% can be achieved over durian rind ash catalyst of 5 wt.% of catalyst, reaction temperature 65°C at 1 hour, and a methanol-to-Pangi oil ratio of 8:1. The characterization was also conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Information of plant species, mordants, and the mordanting process of the yarn of ikat weaving in Hundihopo village are still minimal and not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify biomordant in Hundihopo Village. Samples were collected by exploration methods. Parts of plants, mordanting process, and kinds of color were recorded based on observation, interview with craftsmen and documentation. A total of 12 species were traditionally used as biomordants in Hundihopo village namely Sterculia foetida L., Erythrina varegata, Areca catechu L., Ceriops tagal, Datura metel, Calotropis gigantea, Abrus precatorius L., Symplocos sp., Jatropha curcas L., Citrus aurantifolia, beura and faliti. The plant organs used as a source of mordant are leaves, barks, fruits, and seeds. The method of processing was to be burned, crushed, boiled and soaked and the resulted color was red, black and yellow.

The challenges facing the city solid waste management (SWM) are increasing and complex because, in a new paradigm, solid waste is not only an environmental issue but also an economic and social issue. Therefore, the involvement of all stakeholders both the government and non-government in SWM is crucial. One of the roles of society as a part of city waste management is through the waste bank. This research is carried out by using a mix methods approach, for mapping and identifying the existing condition of the waste bank, a quantitative method is used and for designing waste bank development, a qualitative approach is used. Data collections were carried out by cluster purposive sampling method and to design the development of WB was done by a focus group interview. The result of this research shows that waste bank contributes to reducing recyclable waste up to 99,3 tons per day or 6,7% of the total generation of waste. To ensure sustainability, the waste bank must be integrated both in municipal waste management and in economic activities that affect the circular economy and the governments must pay attention of finance (incentives), procurement of facilities and infrastructure, as well as human resources training.

Encapsulation of probiotics in the biopolymeric system is an excellent technique to enhance the protective effect, prolong the shelf life and deliver the probiotics in the human gastrointestinal tract at a specific time. Probiotics are usually loaded in a biopolymeric system or the food itself as a natural carrier for food applications. Probiotics are well-known for a healthy intestinal tract and digestibility of nutrients. The fate and viability of these bacteria in the digestion system are explored through in vitro evaluations. Probiotics encapsulated with natural biopolymers such as alginate, chitosan, gelatine, whey protein are found to improve their release properties in either emulsion or hydrogel system. This review emphasized on the release properties of encapsulated probiotics loaded with biopolymers using different dispersion methods including emulsification, suspension, extrusion, and drying. Biodegradable polymers or the food itself could be a potential protective agent and promote the controlled-release properties of probiotics.

Manual packaging with awkward work postures has a high level of work risk with recommendations for improvement that should be done as soon as possible. Work risks that can be caused by awkward work posture are Musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs). Therefore, this study aims to improve the manual packaging work station by designing work tables and chairs based on an ergonomic approach so that it can improve work posture and reduce or even eliminate work risks. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study are the design of tables and chairs with sizes obtained from the results of anthropometric measurements of workers. The results of this study imply that workers can do their jobs with good work postures so that work risks can be minimized.

The purpose of this study is to create an early fire detection system based on fuzzy logic. This system provides early warning of fire hazards, reduces the risk of casualties, and is able to be implemented to a wider scale or scope. This system consists of a multisensor to detect fire, smoke and temperature in the room. KY-026 sensor as fire detection, MQ-9 sensor as smoke detection and DS18b20 sensor as temperature detection. The results of the sensor readings are processed by a microcontroller implanted with a Sugeno fuzzy logic method. Sensor input is processed through several stages, namely fuzzification, rule evaluation and deffuzification. The output from this system is a condition value between 1 and 5. The average error of testing between Arduino modules with Matlab is 0.99%.

The purpose of this study is to build an early fire detection system that is able to detect the conditions of the environment and the results are informed quickly on the incident area and fire department. The research method used was experimental using Arduino Uno, GPS Ublox Neo 6MV2, SIM900A and three sensors such as fire sensors, smoke sensors and temperature sensors. All sensors function as a fire indication detection system. The results of the system test obtained an average GPS error of 1.6% with an accuracy of reading shifts and the average distance obtained was ± 4 meters. The average data transmission speed between Providers is 1 second because the processing time and sending speed are in line with the network conditions and the capabilities of the GSM module used.

Modeling approach in time series data commonly used to forecast the response variable based on the pattern of the predictor variables. The complicated cases occurred when in the model need the lagged variables from these variables. It can increase the number of predictor variables in the model. In this research, the increasing of number of predictor handled by the stepwise method in the regression analysis approach. All possible lag from the variables generated before the stepwise take action to choose the appropriate variables in the model. The illustration in this research based on the advertising-sales relationship of 36 consecutive months. Result of the model can determine the significance predictor variables in the model, and also can give the appropriate goodness of fit criteria for forecasting.

Dye is one of the dangerous contaminants because it can interfere with the health of living things and the environment. This research aims to study the comparison of adsorption capacity between activated carbon and its magnetic composite on methylene blue and eriochrome black T, as azo dyes, an organic compound contains a functional group of –N=N-, that are hardly to be degraded in the environment. The activated carbon used in this study was obtained commercially while the composite material was synthesized using activated carbon which was carried by iron species from a solution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts. The variables studied in this research were contact periodic time and dye concentration. The adsorption process was evaluated using a kinetics and isotherm model. Furthermore, the characterization of the two adsorbents was conducted using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results of FTIR characterization show a functional group that indicates of the proper of magnetic carbon composite preparation as indicated at wave number from the vibration of Fe-O bonds. Adsorption result from activated carbon and magnetic carbon composite on both dyes followed the kinetics model pseudo-second order. Meanwhile, the isotherm adsorption model of the adsorbents against methylene blue follows the Langmuir and Freundlich equations for eriochrome black T.

Mangrove vegetation plays an important role and supplier of organic matter derived from litter fall and litter decomposition The purposes of this research was to obtain the productivity of mangrove vegetation by analyzing the litter fall, decomposition coefficient, and percentage of litter decomposed in the northern coast of Aceh Besar District. The research used purpossive sampling method to determine the 6 stations devided into 2 substations (landward and seaward). This research was conducted in July to September 2016. Each substation was put one of the litter trap. The litter trap method was used to know the mangrove litter production. Litter decomposition focused on R. mucronata leaves were studied by using litterbag technique. The litter bags were made of synthetic nylon which had size 20cm x 30cm and mesh size was 1 x 1.25 mm2. There were 3 types of mangrove found, litter production of Rhizophora mucronata as much as 79.21 g/m2/day, Avicennia marina as much as 0.70 g/m2/day and Sonneratia alba was 17.46 g/m2/day. Based on the substation influenced by tidal, mangrove litters found in the seaward higher than in the landward, the average litter fall was 52.05 g/m2/day and 43.32 g/m2/day. Result of mangrove decomposition showed that the percentage of decomposition for the 49th day in the seaward substation was 48.58% and the landward was 41.53%. Mangrove litter decomposition increased during the time at both substation. Decomposition rate of litter for Rhizopora mucronata species classified very quickly where the substation on the seaward was 0.012 (d−1) and landward was 0.010 (d−1). The half-time took in the leaf litter of mangroves for the landward was 69 days and seaward was 57 days, R. mucronata leaves litter decomposited in seaward substation was faster than landward.

The second order indicator model can be the first order having formative or reflective indicators of an underlying second order. The research used principal component analysis in the first order and factor analysis in the second order. The variable used in the research was ihsan behavior. This research aims to apply multivariate analysis, i.e. the principal component analysis in the first order and the factor analysis in the second order to obtain the latent variable data of ihsan behavior in the second order indicator model. The data used in this research were primary data by distributing questionnaires. Respondents of this research were lecturers of the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of X. The research results generated latent variable data in the form of ihsan behavior. Ihsan behavior was reflected in six indicators, i.e. doing something perfectly, repaying goodness with more goodness, reducing optimally unpleasant consequences, as a solution when justice cannot be realized, as a logical consequence rather than faith, and as an investment in future success.

Linearity assumption that has not been fulfilled in the path analysis should use nonparametric approach. This research uses smoothing spline nonparametric path analysis with generated data where the condition of heteroscedasticity level measured through MAPD statistic will be applied to the data. The conditions are MAPD 0.01 – 0.20; 0.21 – 0.40; 0.41 – 0.60; 0.61 – 0.80; and 0.81 – 1.00. The purpose of this research is to determine the comparison of curve estimation of spline smoothing nonparametric path function on every level of heteroscedasticity category (DM) and without considering the heteroscedasticity (TM). The research results found that relative efficiency value of DM (PWLS) estimator with TM (PLS) that is always more than 1 for every heteroscedasticity level and every observation size. Thus, it was obtained better DM estimator (PWLS approach) comparing to TM (PLS).

K2O/Zeolite compounds were successfully synthesized using KOH as starting material and natural zeolite as support. The catalysts were calcined at 500°C for 3 h and then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM images reveal that the zeolite and K2O/zeolite particles are irregular in shape (100 to 400 nm). The independent variables were impregnated amounts of KOH (15 - 25%), catalyst to oil ratios of 1.0 - 6.0 wt.%, and reaction time of 2 h. The highest biodiesel yield of 95% was produced from the reaction with 2.1 wt.% catalyst of 25% KOH impregnated. The properties of produced biodiesel complied with SNI. The catalytic stability test showed that the 25% KOH impregnated catalyst was stable.

This study examined the perception of the teachers about the use of e- learning/Edmodo in their educational activities. The teachers consist of diverse subject. Their perceptions were investigated in terms of three aspects: effects of the use of this technology on their perceived motivation, the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use of this technology. Edmodo was set up a Learning Management System (LMS) in an online discussion group of subject. The study was conducted in descriptive method. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, interview, and documentation technique. The findings of the study indicated that the teachers perceived that e-learning/Edmodo is a useful and also easy to use technology. It was found out that the teachers are satisfied with advantages of the use of this new technology in their LMS.

To realize learning quality in Vocational Secondary School, and to achieve educational goal, teacher competence is needed. The application of ICT Literacy in vocational secondary school is intended to upgrade teachers' knowledge, skill and competence in ICT. This paper is aimed to describe the process of teachers' competence adaptation to ICT integrity in learning in Vocational Secondary School. This study use descriptive method with literature study and documentation technique. The source in this study is research journal and research report book. The study result showed that teachers lack of self-confident in using ICT, and gender factor influence ICT integration in which the level of ICT literacy in male is higher than female. The group of young teachers aged 21-40 have higher level of ICT literacy compared with the older group. Demographic factor in ICT literacy competence are gender, education level and age. This study suggest that teachers enhance the ability in ICT literacy competence, increase their knowledge and knowledge creation in each aspect of ICT literacy competence.

Indonesian fly ash (SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio = 3.59) was used together with rice husk (SiO2 92%) as raw material for mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis. Prior being used, coal fly ash and rice husk were subjected to pre-treatment in order to extract silicate (SiO4 4-) and aluminate (AlO4 5-) and to remove the impurities. Then the ZSM-5 zeolite were synthesized through hydrothermal treatment using two types of templates (TPAOH and PDDA). The as-synthesized ZSM-5 was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET. The result of FTIR showed peaks at 1250-950 cm-1 (v asymetric T-O), 820-650 cm-1 (v symetric T-O), and at 650-500 cm-1 confirming the presence of the five number ring of the pentasil structure. The result of XRD showed the appearance of certain peaks in the position 2 theta between 7-9° and 22-25° indicative of ZSM-5 structure, but also showed the pattern of low intensity magnetite and hematite. The SEM image showed the rough surface of hexagonal crystals from ZSM-5 structure, indicative of mesoporosity in the structure. EDX result showed Si/Al ratio of 20, while surface area analysis gave SA of 43.16. The ZSM-5 zeolites then was modified with cobalt oxide through impregnation method. The catalytic activity as heterogeneous catalysts in partial oxidation of methane was tested. The result showed that hence the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 and Co/ZSM-5 from fly ash and rice husk were still inferior compared to the pro-analysis sourced-counterpart, they were potential to be used as catalyst in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol.

In this study, thermal behaviour of two low-rank Malaysian coals namely Mukah Balingian (MB) and Batu Arang (BA) were obtained under pyrolysis conditions via Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a heating rate of 20°C min-1. The thermal characteristics of the coals were investigated prior to direct liquefaction in order to determine the liquefaction performance, i.e. coal conversion and oil yield. The differential weight loss (DTG) results for both coals showed that there are three main stages evolved which consists of moisture, volatile matter and heavier hydrocarbons that correspond to temperature range of 150, 200-500 and 550-800°C, respectively. Apparently, the DTG curves of BA coal reveals a similar pattern of thermal evolution profile in comparison to that of the MB coal. However, the calculated mean reactivity of BA coal is higher than that of MB, which implied that BA would probably enhance coal conversion and oil yield in comparison to MB coal. Interestingly, results showed that under the same liquefaction conditions (i.e. at 4MPa pressure and 420°C), conversion and oil yield of both coals were well correlated with their reactivity and petrofactor value obtained.