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In recent decade, as the results of frequent wars and internal conflicts, many archaeological and heritage regions of Iraq were subjected to sabotage and looting. Some of these regions were totally destructed. Therefore, searching for mechanisms, means and methods for conserving and reconstructing the heritage is of great importance. This research presents a new proposal that contributes to the conservation of heritage and antiquities virtually through digital sustainability and digitization. This digital conversation in some ways helps in conserving the legacy of the cities that were damaged and destroyed by wars. Additionally, it allows users and those who are interested in heritage in different countries of the world to digitally tour the archaeological city and to see its old features and elements as if they were on the ground of reality. The aim of the research is to “achieve sustainability in preserving heritage and architectural architecture virtually through digital sustainability as it is a reference in the event of the disappearance of heritage buildings in reality”. The research uses auto-cad electronic program, for the purpose of digital documentation of the building. After taking measurements and images using traditional means from measuring tools and the camera, auto-cad used for drawing and then documentation using the calculator. The research has reached a set of conclusions which relate to the interest in heritage and conserving it benefiting from digital sustainability. These cities can be virtual cities with the aim of containing the treatments and heritage elements of the city and buildings.

This paper presents the results obtained through experimental work and numerical simulation of the kinetic energy dissipation of lactic acid after application of the impact load. The experimental tests were performed according to ASTM standards using the motion drop arrow test. It has been designed according to the standard ASTMD7136.The specimens were plates completely constrained with two edges by the clamping fixture. Two energy absorption parameters (namely saturation impact energy and damage degree), and two relevant characteristic values of the impact force history (namely the first damage force and the maximum force) were included. The impact energy of 2.4 J was measured by the difference in the thickness mode. The finite element method was used by FE symbol (Abaqus/Explicit Dynamic) implemented by a User Defined Sub routine (VUMAT). The results showed areas of shock injury and sample tolerance, and there was a match between the experimental and numerical results. Diagrams are presented to show the history of relevant kinematical, dynamic and energetic quantities, both to synthesize the dependency of the energy parameters and force threshold values on the impact velocity. This study will help to measure the absorbed and kinetic energy of polymers, thus, it will help define the properties of polymers used in critical applications such as medicine.

Currently, the world witnesses a major revolution in the world of communications and information technology, where technology permeated all aspects of social, learning and military life in both phases: public and private. This paper measures the rate of using teaching methods of e-learning technology in higher education Iraqi institutes; university of Fallujah is a sample of such institute. This paper used the descriptive analytical approach (DAA) in collecting, classifying gathering information for five colleges by taking 30 measurement coefficients that are compatible with teaching operation. The obtained results demonstrate that a number of lecturers and students have used the e-learning applications in the class management are extremely low rates. Finally, this study has resulted in a novel concept, usually called “change –resistance”.

The rapid sand downflow filter is widely used in water treatment plants. On the other hand, this filter has some drawbacks included the significant development of the head loss via the filter media because most of the rejected particles are removed by the upper layers. As well, the filter particles are redistributed during the backwash process causing the settling of fine particles on the upper part of the filter media, and this needs to increase the number of backwash processes. For these reasons, the cost of the produced water increases. The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of using the upflow sand filter (UF-Filter) as a good alternative to the downflow sand filter (DF-Filter). To achieve the aims of the present study, a comparison was made between the performance of both filters through simultaneous experiments under different operating conditions. These conditions included changing of the filtering velocity from 5 m/h to 10 m/h and the initial water turbidity with a range of (10 – 200) NTU. The sand media with sizes of (0.6 - 1mm) and with 63 cm of depth was used. Experimental results show that the turbidity removal efficiency of the DF-Filter is of about 1.1 times that of the UF-Filter. On the other hand, the UF-Filter has higher turbidity removal efficiency than the DF-Filter by about 1.1 times when the initial turbidity of the influent water is greater than 150 NTU and the filtration velocity is equal to 10 m/hr. These differences in the removal efficiency between both filters can be considered as few values. The average filtration efficiency of the UF-Filter operated with the filtration velocity of 5 and 7.5 m/h is higher than that of the DF-Filter operated with the filtration velocity of 7.5 and 10 m/h, respectively under the same operating conditions. The filtration efficiency of both filters increases when the backwash was carried out before each experimental process instead of replacing the filter media. Also, the head loss of the DF-Filter is significantly increased due to redistribution of the sand media taking place during the backwash cycle, while the head loss of the UF-Filter is not affected. The head loss of the UF-filter at the end of each experimental run is less than that of the DF-Filter by about (18.18 % - 45.31 %) when the filter medium is replaced and this range is increased to about (53.31 % - 62.34 %) when the backwash is performed prior to the start of the experimental work. Thus, the decrease in head loss leads to an increase in the filter running time and decrease the number of backwash process.

Iraq suffers from a housing problem, especially if it knows that there is a huge population deficit in Iraq estimated at more than 3 million housing units corresponding to a large variation in housing construction rates. Which led to the aggravation of the housing problem in the country. Therefore, it requires the responsible authorities to accelerate the adoption of a new strategy to solve the housing problem. The principle of establishing low cost residential complexes is based on adopting multi-storey residential buildings of 3 to 4 floors. The characteristic of these buildings in terms of suitable population densities, effective and economical use of the land. Thus, reducing housing costs to meet the large deficit and the growing population demand. For the target year 2040, the expected population of Baghdad will be increasing 11174249 people. So, the estimate of the housing need for the city of Baghdad 2040 need to 1196340 housing units. General, adoption of multi-storey housing (3-4) is the solution to eliminate the housing problem.

The Al-Shewicha Trough represents a real flood hazard to Kut City (capital of Wasit Province, Iraq) as well as to the other cities along the Tigris River downstream Kut Barrage, especially heavy monsoon years. Under the acute lack of water resources around the world, many modern techniques in unconventional innovative water resources management were developed. In this study, ArcGIS was used in the morphologic analysis of six river basins which represent the main sources of feed for the Al-Shewicha Trough. The results show that the high value of the greatest length of a basin 1,5 and 6 indicate that these watersheds have high value of concentration time (tc) which delays the peak flow. All basins consisted of very coarse and permeable subsurface strata, and were of coarse texture. Circularity ratio Form factor and elongation ratio shows an elongated shape of all basins with lower peak flow and long duration. Analyses of soil data demonstrate that the soil type that covers a large area is loam soil within the hydrologic soil group type B, which indicates that all basins have low permeability and high runoff. The most predominant land use was bare soil and all basins have a covering of poor vegetation which highlights the basins that are most susceptible to erosion, thus resulting in the generation of higher sedimentation.

Earth units compressed and stabilized are friendly construction materials and sustainable from point of view of efficiency in using energy and lowering cost. However, it has lower properties and strength when compared with fired clay brick and concrete. The possibility of producing earth units compressed from soil stabilized with cement and pozzolana were investigated in this study. Soil samples were extracted from a pit at depth 1m under topsoil from Al-Zaafarania region in Baghdad. Results of the testing soils showed that the bulk density, moisture content, specific gravity and plasticity index performed satisfactory and suitable to produce such like soil units. Different percentage of cement and silica fume as a stabilizer. Soil units compressed with 20 N/mm2 pressed by a hydraulic loading machine. The unit’s strength significantly increase with increasing silica fumes content, decreasing the absorption water rate, and raises density of units.

Baghdad city suffer from the traffic jams problem. The lack of roads is accommodating the increase in transportation as well as the lack of the organization and healthy management. Meanwhile, traffic lights defect due to it may location near to the checkpoint which causes traffic jam and unusual delay. The transportation services depend on (private, taxi) cars which cause increase in traffic movement, energy consumption, emission of polluting gases for environment and the most important (first carbon oxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, carbon dioxide, suspended particles, oxides of sulfur. Thereby, this research will done determination the pollution rates induced from congestion in streets associated in the yard located near institute of technology / Baghdad. An account rate gases emitted from vehicles using regression equations de-pending on traffic size in streets, flow speed traffic movement, neighbouring building height, and afforestation density. The search reached to finding species and gasses rate which pollution the environment in comparison with international Health standards and benefit of the application Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) to reduce of the pollution ratio the resulting of traffic jams.

The Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), represents the total radiation emitted to the space by earth atmosphere system, is a critical component of the Earth's radiation budget. Observations of OLR retrieved from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS/Aqua platform during 2007-2016 show a strong, plume-like enhancement of OLR over central and southern-west parts of Iraq during June - September. Maximum values occurred in the southern region (365.27 watt/m2), were attributed to the hot, geographic nature and long sunny days. A greater draws down of the OLR occurred over pristine mountains environment at northern region in February (220.37 watt/m2). The monthly analysis shows the seasonal variations in the OLR values fluctuated between wet and dry seasons. The OLR value in dry season was higher than its values in wet season, and the mean standard deviation was (294.5 + 78.5 Watt/m2) over considered stations; Baghdad, Mosul, Rutba, Nasiriya and Basra for study period. The reductions of OLR values at northern area above latitude 34°, especially at mountains, through the study period due low emissivity and moist ground (low temperatures), and more cloudy sky days. Seasonal of OLR distributions shows variations in its values with high in summer, low in winter, and moderate in spring and autumn. The industrial and residential areas showed high OLR value, and low at rural and vegetated areas. The AIRS observation efficiently shows the spatial and temporal variations of OLR for the considered study area. This study sheds new light on the processes and analysis of the OLR emission over Iraq.