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CNT is a novel material with exceptional properties. SWCNT thin films have been used in many different applications. To fabricate the SWCNT film, various methodologies have been introduced, however, the problem of fabricating uniform SWCNT thin film remains unsolved. Spray coating technique (SCT) is the most effective method for producing a uniform SWCNT thin film. The CNT thin films were deposited on glass substrates via SCT with different nozzle distances (from 2.5 cm to 12.5 cm). The morphological, topological, electrical and optical properties of CNT thin films were characterized using appropriate techniques. The electrical analysis depicted that the sheet resistance of thin films reduced from 40220 Ω/sq. to 1330 Ω/sq. as the spray nozzle distance was increased from 2.5 cm to 10 cm sheet resistance reached 2133 Ω/sq. for 12.5 cm which confirmed the concentration of CNT was highest at 10 cm nozzle distance. The optical analysis of the CNT thin films gave transmittance values in percentage of 64%, 60%, 52%, 43%, and 46%, respectively for the nozzle distance of 2.5 cm, 5 cm, 7.5 cm, 10 cm, and 12.5 cm. Transmittance percentage decreased from 2.5 cm to 10 cm nozzle distance, indicative of an uniform film coverage of CNT layer. The findings of this study could be a platform for producing an optimized CNT thin film using a SCT for optoelectronic devices.

The National Fish Logistics System or often called SLIN is an Indonesian Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries program that aims to maintain the stability of the production and marketing systems and control the disparity in national fish prices. Central Sulawesi is the Province that becomes the main corridor of this program. The inefficient distribution monitoring process generally causes several problems in the field of fisheries distribution management that still often occur today by the regional Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. It indicates that SLIN is not yet running optimally. This study purpose a prototype design of fish distribution tracking based on a mobile agent that can use to help consumers to track distribution channels and get information about the origin of the fish to be purchased. The data will further process for monitoring fish distribution in a real-time manner by the regional Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. A proper monitoring mechanism will undoubtedly help the government in making policies and conducting supervision to make the SLIN implementation successful in Central Sulawesi. By the research, we found that the proposed method can gather data from every level fish distribution agent then processed the data to inform about distribution line and the origin of the fish for the consumer. The proposed solution framework could be implemented and nearly fit with current implementation criteria. The framework later can be a base framework for developing a more advanced information system for SLIN in Central Sulawesi Region.

The present study aims to develop a software tool for improvement tracking system for a waste management company in Indonesia. The tool was built as a system to track the improvement process of following up findings of the validation and verification process in the management system of the company. The company also obtains a few audits by the authorities, certification bodies, and its customers. The company applied several management systems in assuring all persons in charges are responsible for following up on the improvement findings. The outcome of the study is a proven software tool that has supported the top management in making decisions in terms of the improvement processes. The system automatically reports to the top management when the findings of each individual responsible person have not been executed yet as well as the top management can take direct decisions and actions to the current status of their improvements processes.

Soil improvement with preloading and PVD on large area has a side effect, where the load received by soft soil does not quickly release soil pore water. Due to the nature of soft soil which has low permeability and low internal friction angle, the soil will experience lateral deformation, this causes the soil around the preloading embankment to be lifted. In this project, sand replacement is carried out at a location adjacent to other constructions as a counterweight so that the subgrade is not lifted. This analysis aims to determine the effect of installing a sand replacement in the sand key area on the stability of the preloading embankment structure in the reclamation area. The method used in this research is the analytical method as well as numerical method using finite element method program. It was found that using a sand replacement as a counterweight was able to prevent the lifting of the soil, to maintain the stability of the embankment structure and to prevent the subgrade lift in the shipping channel. Sand replacement is able to balance the lateral ground pressure so that it does not increase the surface of the shipping channel. Preloading construction without using a counterweight on soft soil will collapse due to lateral deformation of the preloading pile load.

This research underlines the effect of ultrasound in NaOH surface modification of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterized the fibres. It can be seen that surface morphology treated by ultrasound assisted alkali treatment shows smooth surface with minor impurities. Additionally, the elimination of hemicellulose on EFB fibre surface can be proven by the disappearance of peak between 2900-1700 cm−1 (C-H). Furthermore, Ultrasound assisted alkali method demonstrate the admirable value (300 N/mm2) in enhancing the tensile stress of EFB fibre and comparable with alkali soaking technique (292 N/mm2). The findings indicate that ultrasound-assisted alkali treatment has the potential to be used as surface modification method in the industry.

Graphene has been gaining immense attention from scientists over the world for its exceptional properties, which makes it promising for several applications such as energy storage, electronic devices, and biomedicine. Graphene synthesis via the electrochemical exfoliation route offers a cheap, simple, eco-friendly, and scalable process for industrial purposes. In this work, the effect of voltage bias during electrochemical exfoliation on the electrical properties and yield of the obtained exfoliated graphene (EG) was studied. Graphite sheet as raw material was pre-treated by immersing it into H2SO4/H2O2 mixture before the electrochemical process. By applying the optimum voltage of 10 V, the electrochemical method was able to produce EG with yield as high as 40.95% in a relatively shorter time. Moreover, EG also demonstrated the highest electrical conductivity of 25.45 S/cm.

Counseling is professional assistance given by counselors to clients directly, to solve problems and improve their behavior. In the future. The discussion of the problem in question is in-depth which concerns important matters about the client, broad covering various aspects of the client’s problem, and specifically to alleviate the client’s pressing problems. The Support Vector Machine and Multi Layer Perceptron algorithm is applied to classify counseling data provided by professionals to clients with an accuracy of 86.39%. Data from Vocational Research in Malang City in 2018. To improve the optimal accuracy of the type of counseling data classification, this study proposes an algorithm optimization feature for the Deep Learning algorithm. The results showed a significant increase in accuracy. The value of classification accuracy in counseling data generated by the Deep Learning algorithm has increased to 97.37% with a better level of accuracy.

The effect of silica (SiO2) addition on optical properties of organometal halide perovskite PMMA composite film was studied. The organometal halide perovskite, MAPbBr3, was synthesis using ligand assisted re-precipitation (LARP) method, and then was compose to PMMA and SiO2 directly to make composite films. The absorbances, transmittances, and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the samples were characterised using UV Vis and PL spectroscopy. The result shows that the addition of silica leads blueshift on photoluminescence and absorbance spectra. The blue shift reveals one-dimensional confinement effect in perovskite.

The article dwells on the issue of ensuring integrated security in the Caspian region. It was noted that this region, due to its geographical location, is strategically important for the implementation of Russia’s internal and foreign policy, so any changes in it should be carefully thought over and analyzed for possible consequences. To address the issues of ensuring integrated security, the authors considered the main methods for modeling social and political processes that can be applied to simulate the consequences of specific managerial decisions in the Caspian region.

Nowadays, the composite of magnetite/hydroxyapatite has become one of the main topics in biomedical field especially as drug delivery system. In this paper, the effect of sintering temperature and Fe3O4 addition on the properties of coprecipitation produced by magnetite/hydroxyapatite composite is investigated. The magnetite was first dispersed into 100 mL aquadest and mixed with 33.7 mmol Ca(NO3)2.4H2O while stiring for 15 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was reacted with 20 mmol (NH4)2HPO4 for 120 minutes at 90ºC. The mixture pH of 11 during process was controlled by adding NH4OH 25%. The mixture was left to stand for 1 day, washed and then the precipitate was separated from the mixture. The precipitate was dried at 90ºC for 1 day and it ended with sintering for 2 hours. The composite powder was characterized by field emission scanning election microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The result showed that increase in the amount of of Fe3O4 in the composite, it produced the larger crystalline Fe3O4 size of 15.59 nm, a decrease in crystallinity to 14.22%, and a higher saturation magnetization was 17.2 emu/g. The higher sintering temperature causes an increase in the size of a hydroxyapatite crystal to 22.94 nm, an increase in crystallinity to 22.55%, and a lower saturation magnetization was 4.0 emu/g.

Ship-RUV testing in trials conditions is a mandatory requirement or technical provision before carrying out real operational conditions to find out the existing performance results. In the maneuvering test, in the trial conditions of the Ship-RUV, it was carried out by the performance test method which included several experiments including: progressive speed, turning circle and Image Processing. The performance test is one method of the Ship-RUV tests before making actual operational performance efforts. This is to determine the performance of Ship-RUV in an effort to determine the characteristics it has actually. Several provisions in the Ship-RUV test refer to the specified technical specifications. This is of course regulated in the owner’s request, where it is customized. In the Ship-RUV maneuvering test, the Ship-RUV test results were obtained with a maximum speed of 5 knots with a tactical maneuvering diameter of 1500 mm. The result of image processing resolution is 720P, which is sufficient for investigating the ship’s hull. These conditions are in accordance with the technical provisions required in accordance with those calculated in the classification.

In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the number of layer effect of abaca fiber composite as natural reinforced polymer (NFRP) material for shear-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Two externally bonded shear-strengthened beams with a different number of NFRP layers and a sound beam as a control beam were prepared. The test was conducted by applying two axial loads on the beam. The results showed that the use of one-layer and two-layer of abaca fiber composite as NFRP material for the shear-strengthened beam increased 9.78% and 9.92% of maximum load compared to sound beam respectively. Abaca fiber composite NFRP material contributed 11% and 18.57% of the total maximum shear load for one-layer and two-layer laminates respectively. In addition, externally bonded shear-strengthened beams affected the crack pattern and deflection value. However, debonding failure of NFRP laminates occurred in two-layer of the NFRP shear strengthened beam. It caused the beam did not work optimally.

Structural design and analysis require accurate and precise finite element model in order to have a structure with high safety conditions such as aerospace, offshore and civil structures. However, the predicted results of the finite element model are often considerably different from the experimental results due to the modelling assumptions and simplifications on the properties and parameters of the actual structure. This paper presents the finite element modelling and updating methods on the thin plate structure. The modal parameters obtained from the plate are measured by experimental modal analysis by using an impact hammer and roving accelerometers method under free-free boundary conditions. The initial modal parameters are predicted by numerical analysis using normal mode analysis via NASTRAN SOL 103. The accuracy of the natural frequencies and the mode shapes obtained from the initial finite element model are compared with the measured counterparts. The modal based updating methods using NASTRAN SOL 200 is applied to update the properties of the plate. In conclusion, updating the material properties of the plate is successfully achieved. The total error of the initial finite element model of the plate is reduce from 45.12 percent to 6.28 percent respectively.

Maintenance is one of the essential aspects that contribute to keep production process continue to operate and reduce unplanned downtime. In the cement industry, especially kiln area, unplanned downtime can cause not only low availability but also high maintenance costs due to unplanned demand for spare parts and the need for labour to complete unplanned downtime, hence the right method of maintenance is needed. One of the strategic maintenances could be applied is Predictive Maintenance (PdM). Among others maintenance strategy, PdM provides more accurate task due to real time condition monitoring of equipment based on sensors obtained from server data. In this paper, Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) is applied to provide reliable multisensory analysis and real-time decision making. MTS includes 1) fuses data from multiple sensors into a single system level performance metric; 2) extends MTS by providing a single tool for fault detection/diagnostic, isolation, and prognostic; and 3) offers a systematic way to determine the key parameters following with fault reducing analysis. Multi-sensor data in the kiln used in this research are speed motor main drive, Pfister Coal feed, kiln feed, speed motor IDFAN1, speed motor IDFAN2, speed motor EPFAN. Based on the MTS calculation, the normal data values are obtained from each sensor data. This method is also used to detect, identify, and classify failures based on tests from scheme data. The proposed diagnostic and prognostics scheme from this paper are useful for guiding the company to predict the failure as well as the maintenance schedule then it will increasing the availability from 80% to 90% by reduce the unplanned downtime.

The aim of this paper is to perform experimental modal analysis of two-storey reinforced concrete frame which designed using BS 8110 without seismic load and validate the experimental result with model using finite element analysis software. Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is the process of determining the modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping factors, modal vectors and mode shape of a structure from a set of frequency response functions. The experimental work was conducted on half-scale of two-storey reinforced concrete frame at Heavy Structural Laboratory. Moreover, the Impact Modal Testing and response accelerometer are employed to determine the modes of vibration of a structure during experiments without imposed any in-plane lateral force. The experimental natural frequencies, which are extracted from measurements, exhibit good agreement with analytical model predictions. It shows that experimental modal analysis method can be usefully employed to investigate the dynamic behaviour of reinforced concrete frame due to the minimum percentage error between experimental modal analysis and computer software analysis.

Organic pollutants in water are an increasingly prominent problem. Given this challenge, this study reported the high adorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) onto potassium hydroxide (KOH)-activated carbon. To prepare activated carbon, saba banana peel that are local organic waste were carbonized at 400 ° C and activated using various KOH concentrations, e.g.(0,5, 1 and 1,5 M). Physical and microstructural properties of activated carbon were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The efffect of KOH concentrations on the adsorption perfromance of MB on KOH-activated carbon were further investigated. The adsorption process occurred more easily after KOH (1,5 M) of concentration and the adsorption capacity of activated carbon improved by more than 23 %. These results indicate that preparing Banana fruit peels-derived activated carbon using KOH activation is an effective way to reduce pollution and utilize a waste resource.

The dynamic behaviour prediction scheme of carbon fibre composite structures are extremely challenging to be performed due to the geometrical ply-by-ply properties and the ply orientation issues. In this paper, a laminated carbon fibre reinforced epoxy plate with elastic and linear layers was used with aim to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the carbon fibre reinforced epoxy using practical modelling scheme via finite element modelling and updating method. A simplified FE model of the CFRE plate was developed using shell element properties known as PSHELL to represent geometrical laminated properties. Subsequently, the dynamic behaviour of the FE model was calculated using Nastran SOL103. Potential updating parameters of the FE model was analysed and identified using the sensitivity analysis. The model updating method was then used to update the initial FE model of the CFRE plate based on the experimental modal analysis (EMA) result. The comparison of the results were used in verifying the accuracy of the updated FE model of the CFRE plate. The result suggested that the PSHELL properties can be used efficiently to represent the geometrical laminated properties of the CFRE plate without considering the geometrical effect of ply-by-ply properties.

Bolted joints in assembled structures contribute to the dynamic behaviour of the structures but also increase uncertainties in modelling and prediction of the dynamic behaviour. This paper presents a modelling scheme able to reduce uncertainties and increase the accuracy of the prediction. A finite element (FE) model of a bolted joint structure was developed using CBUSH, CBEAM and 3D elements representing the bolts, contacting interfaces, and structural components, respectively. Normal modes analysis was performed on the FE model to calculate the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Sensitivity analysis was formulated and used in identifying the highly sensitive design parameters of the FE model. Model updating was adopted in correlating the FE model with experimental modal analysis (EMA) and producing an updated FE model. It was found that the updated FE model is capable of predicting the dynamic behaviour of the bolted joint structure with 95 per cent accuracy. This proposed scheme demonstrated potential for applicability to the dynamic behaviour analysis of complex bolted structures.

In the distribution of the palm sugar Supply Chain (SC) from producers to consumers, there are many palm sugar products quality damage, so a Reverse Supply Chain (RSC) activity is needed to minimize the loss and possible rocessed. There are some risks that occur in the RSC activities of palm sugar agricultural industry. The purpose of this study was to design a risk priority framework and risk mitigation as a reference for implementing RSC risk management in the palm sugar industry. The steps in the implementation of this research were the data and information collection, descriptive analysis, category selection, content evaluation and subsequently creating a framework. Approaches and methods for minimizing RSC risk based on the order of risk priorities and risk mitigation strategies were done by using Hybrid Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) - fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and House of Risk (HOR) 2. The results showed that the risk priority framework and the risk mitigation strategy are carried out through four stages starting from risk identification, risk classification, risk priority determination, and risk mitigation strategies.

This research is based on a case study of an automotive company with a mixed production line system facing on redesigning layout due to an additional new product in the current facilities for cost improvement. The objective of this research is twofold (i) to fulfil space required for additional machines and (ii) to redesign layout which is the best layout for producing the current and new products. Heuristic approach combining construction and improvement algorithms is used for redesigning a manufacturing mixed production line layout, and this results in four alternative layouts. The four alternative layouts are evaluated comprehensively by using MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) and the multi criteria considered are material handling cost, total re-layout cost, takt time process, numbers of shutdown period for relocation and comply with management policy related with safety. The best layout is the layout fulfilling required space, 1,120 m2 for new processes, and meet with the five criteria considered.

Over the years, the introduction of e-learning technology as been familiar among academicians, students, and even non-academicians in higher education institutions. E-learning is one of the learning tools in the education sector that greatly influences education, which emerged as a newmodern education paradigm and has successfully evolved around the world. However, limited attention has been paid to research on e-learning relative to the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, using a quantitative approach, this study aims to review the reliability and validity of the applied instrumentsin assessing the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning ofentrepreneurship students’courses through a pilot study. Data involving 150samples from the questionnaires were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24, while evaluations from experts were employed to check for content and face validity and reliability as well asthe normality of data. Based on theresults, the normality of the data as well as the reliability of the measuring instruments in this study are proven. As such, the measuring instrumentsproposed in this study warrant further research.

The rapid development of sensor and maintenance technologies support the implementation of a Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) policy. The CBM policy is an effective way for reducing or even eliminating failure of a system and hence it will minimize the maintenance cost and increase the system’s availability and productivity. In this study, we propose a CBM policy with periodic inspection to control the system’s deterioration level. The deterioration is modelled by using a Gamma process with its shape parameter is assumed to be affected by the system’s age and usage. The maintenance action is imperfect in the sense that it restores the level of the deterioration to a fixed level that is not as-good-as-new condition. We use a simulation approach to simulate the deterioration process and the impact of maintenance action to the deterioration level, and to find an optimal inspection interval for a given preventive threshold, which minimizes the total maintenance cost.

We study warranty cost analysis for a multi-component product protected by the lemon laws. The product is repairable and consists of critical and non-critical components. The failed product under warranty due to failure of any critical or non-critical component is minimally repaired. It is considered that the product turns to be a lemon when either the number of critical or noncritical component failures reaches k. We obtain the expected warranty cost and the optimal period of lemon laws which are of interest to the manufacturer when the product is protected by the lemon laws, and provide numerical examples to illustrate the expected warranty cost and the optimal lemon law period.

Electric vehicles are a necessity now, especially in the future. The efficiency of electric vehicles continues to be improved, especially in the drive system or electric motor. One type of electric motor used in an electric vehicle that has high efficiency and power density is permanent magnet axial flux motor. This paper explains the comparison of power density on two designs of axial flux motor. A single and multi-air gap axial flux motors had been compared. The finite element method (FEM) simulation is used to determine the power and volume of those motors. The results presented that the two air gaps power density axial flux motors were 195,3 W/kg while those multi air-gap motor with four air gaps had 283.6 W/kg. The results shoes that four air-gap has a bigger power density than two air-gaps.

Recycled carbon fibre (rCF) is used in various applications as measures to reduce the carbon fibre waste in landfill. This study focuses on using rCF in powder form in injection moulded polypropylene (PP) products. The rCF was treated with 0.5 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L nitric acid. The tensile and flexural properties were evaluated and morphological surface of the samples was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the result, higher concentration of nitric acid increased the tensile strength but leads to lower flexural strength. Apart from that, the environmental assessment using OpenLCA software shows that the addition of RCF filler loading leads to reduction of climate change and acidification potential.

The WEC (Wave Energy Converter) that uses a permanent magnet linear generator continues to develop. The most important thing to know in designing WEC with a linear electric generator is the thrust required by the linear generator itself. Therefore, this paper discusses and analyses the thrust that occurs in linear electric generators used in WEC systems. Linear electric generators are simulated using FEMM (Finite Element Magnetic Method) software. FEMM simulation is used to analyse the magnitude of the induced magnetic field received by the conductor at a certain position of the stator. The conductor is given a constant current so that it produces thrust force between the stator and translator; the magnitude of thrust force depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field at the position. In the design and analysis, conductors ware given 3A. The maximum thrust force in the linear electric generator design is 79N, and the average force is 75N, force ripple is 1,2%. The design of the permanent magnet linear generator was done, and the WEC system should produce thrust force at least equal to the force that the generator requires.

Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys, most widely known as nitinol, are presently employed in many micro-engineering applications such as coronary stents of medical implants due to their unique properties (shape memory effect and superelasticity). However, non-optimized surface finishing attributed a significantly high potential of nickel exposure after a long time of application. Releasing of nickel ion to the body environment can be harmful and toxicity resulting in adverse health as well as degrading the material biocompatibility. It is widely known that controlled surface roughness play a vital role in the formation of new bone ingrowths around implant. In this study, surface modification of NiTi alloy was used through electrical discharge coating (EDC); an adaptation of electrical discharge machining. The potential of EDC in which can facilitates the production of hard coatings may exploit the phenomena for the attachment of desirable materials onto the surface of materials. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a robust method (two levels of full factorial design and ANOVA) to determine the desired parameters and significant factors based on the surface roughness of the machined surface. Manipulation of parameters set up such as gap voltage, discharge duration and pulse interval and the current were employed and a reverse polarity was selected for this experiment. The results demonstrated that the most significant factors influence the surface coating performances are the discharge duration, current, gap voltage as well as the interaction between gap voltage and discharge duration.

A rowing athlete requires effective and systematic physical training. Thus, an ergometer is very influential on the endurance of an athlete’s body and becomes a vehicle of simulating groundwater rowing. However, the ergometer tool currently used has no specifications and dimensions that are in accordance with the anthropometry of male rowing athletes in Aceh. Based on these conditions, the rowing ergometer tool will be designed based on the anthropometry of rowing athletes in Aceh. Data retrieval was done by taking samples from six male rowing athletes. The data were then tested for the level of trust, accuracy, uniformity, and adequacy. From the results of data analysis, the design of the ergometer tool was in accordance with the anthropometry of male rowing athletes in Aceh. This situation can build comfort for male athletes and increase the endurance of their muscles. This includes maintaining the tempo of rowing and being able to move oars with long distances in a short time.

In this study, the main objective is to determine effect of recycled carbon fibre (RCF) on the mechanical properties of thermoplastics composites and associated environmental impacts. Such study is important to improve the strength of the composites as previous studies are limited on RCF composites, particularly in environmental aspects. In the compounding stage, extrusion process was carried out by using two different thermoplastics i.e. polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadience styrene (ABS) mixing with RCF. Particle size and weight loading of RCF were chosen as parameters to be studied. Bonding strength between the RCF and thermoplastics matrix was investigated through tensile and flexural properties. Lastly, the assessment of the products was carried out to determine the environmental impacts. Generally, the incorporation of RCF into PP and ABS plastic increases the tensile and flexural properties of the samples. It can be seen that the addition of rCF significantly improves tensile modulus and flexural strength up to 10 wt% filler loading. From the environmental impact assessment, the ABS products have greater impact in all categories. The usage of rCF reduce the amount of plastic hence leads to lower environmental impacts. The product has a potential to be used in mechanical demanding application particularly those require high flexural strength and tensile modulus properties.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of nano hydroxyapatite in the toothpaste and its effect on the pH and microbial activity. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) is considered one of the materials that have high biocompatibility for biomimetic material due to its chemical and morphological similarity with dental apatite. Additionally, it has been documented to possess antibacterial potentials. The present study was conducted to identify the relationship between oral microenvironment pH change and its role in the Streptococcus mutans viability, a common pathogen in the oral cavity. Change in pH is closely related to number of Streptococcus mutans as the main cariogenic organism and acid-producing bacteria. The study was carried out using 0.25%, 0.7%, and 1.5% concentration of HAp in toothpaste formulation and commercial toothpaste as control. Our studies showed that the most significant pH fall was observed in 1.5% and 0.7% nHAp. However, in 60 minutes, all nHAp groups were able to restore pH into neutral, especially in the 0.7% nHAp, which reached a pH of 7. As a comparison, the commercial toothpaste only returned to 6 within 1 hour. Experimental method of this study is In vitro oral microenvironment pH and microbiological analysis on teeth fragment. The detailed data about microstructure and antibacterial activity will be presented.

Salted fish is dried fish that is preserved by adding salt as the preservative medium. The process of production starts with cleaning, salting, boiling, drying, sorting, and packing. The length and complexity of the process lead to an increase in the risk of MSDs and posture complaints among the workers. This study aimed to find out the factors that caused the complaints with the biomechanical posture method. Six subjects were measured for the tension at erector spinae and the moment at (lumbar 5 sacrum 1) L5-S1 vertebral joint created by body segments and load, the calculation of the workers’ body segment weight, the distance of the body’s center point to the lumbar 5 sacrum 1 (L5-S1), and biomechanics at L5-S1. The largest body segment weight was found at the cleaning station, which dealt with the process of manually lifting the fish, with a bodyweight value of 70 kg, Wtrunk: 350 N, Whead: 58.8 N, Warm: 35.7 N and Wload: 300 N. The farthest distance from the body’s center point to L5-S1 was found at the drying station, which deals with the process of drying the fish, with values of the distance of head (dhead): 54.78 cm, distance of trunk (dtrunk): 59.26 cm, distance of arm (darm): 67.39 cm and distance of box (dbox): 86.11 cm. The largest moment in force on L5-S1 was found at the packing station, which deals with the fish transferring and packaging process, with the value of the moment of force at 5351.86 N and 4215.28 N. Therefore, it is suggested that the salt fish industry finds solutions, re-designing the work station, decreasing the lifting load, and producing proper equipment to assist workers during labor to improve their safety and health.

Burnout is a psychology syndrome which experienced by any professions throughout their careers. This study analyses burnout syndrome encountered by hospitals’ nurses based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and provides findings by looking at the dimension of burnout and demographic factors which consist of sex, age, marital status, level of education, years of career, and duty station. This study reveals that; the overall value of burnout experienced by hospitals’ nurses is categorized into level 1 with the highest value presented by dimension 1 (physical exhaustion), and burnout generally experienced by man, nurses younger than 30 years old, married nurses, lower degree nurses, nurses whose less than 20 years in career, and nurses whose responsible in terminal care and emergency unit. In addition, data obtained from the survey is utilized to determine burnout causative factors using fishbone and pareto diagram.

Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR) or Ragunan Zoo in Jakarta is the largest zoo in Indonesia. The zoo has around 52,700 trees that serve as part of the landscape and shades for animals and visitors. However, the presence of the trees in zoo also carries some risks, such as broken branches or even falling trees, that may threaten the safety of the animals, visitors, and infrastructures. Because most of the trees are large and old with high historical and ecological values, their health needs to be evaluated regularly. A study was conducted to evaluate it with around fifty selected trees, particularly the ones that were old and located closest to the targets (i.e. animals, visitors, infrastructures). The evaluation used visual observation as well as integrated with sonic tomography technology. The result showed that five trees (10%) were healthy and safe, 31 trees (62%) were healthy and fairly safe, 12 trees (24%) were less healthy and fairly dangerous, and the rest trees were unhealthy or dangerous and very dangerous. The most common defects found in them are poor tree architecture (62%), root problems (58%), and codominant trunks or branches (40%). Therefore, it is vital to take care of the tree health in Ragunan Zoo. Trees with the risk of endangering its surroundings need to be cut off immediately. Biomechanics on sloping trees with codominant trunks need to be strengthened with the help of dynamic bracing sling system and support.

GIS - geographic information systems is a product of modern technology, designed for visualization and analysis of everything around us, also for the storage and analysis of data. The agricultural sector, where the key link is land, has a connection with geographic visualization, namely, there is a need to compile maps to promote transport and analyze them. Before the introduction of GIS, tables, plans and schemes provided on paper were used. In this case, it was hard to reconcile all the data with each other, and in case of a change in an indicator, it was necessary to redo everything all over again. In maps created with the help of GIS along the land itself, there are such layers as rivers, roads, settlements and much more. It all depends on the quantity and characteristics of the data provided. Using just an ordinary electronic map of the area, with the help of data, you can create a blank map, topographic or thematic map. GIS is becoming an increasingly integral part of our lives and agriculture. For an ordinary farmer, for example, there are many advantages of GIS. One of these advantages is that, when buying or renting a land plot, he can look at the electronic map in the cadastral offices, which will take into account the location of the plot, the location of passing channels, soil structure and so on. The second advantage is that the map will show all the advantages and disadvantages of the site, such as soil quality, climatic conditions, this will lead to the correct selection and distribution of crop rotation, which will help reduce the cost of fertilizers, machinery and labor. All these aspects are described in more detail in the article.

The paper discusses the size of six body segments of the Indonesian Male Army, i. e. stature, leg length, chest depth, chest width, spine length and shoulder high. The particular body segments were believed as the most important body part that related to the strength and load handling capability of humans as reported by researchers. Two hundred and sixty-eight (268) male soldiers have participated as the subjects of this research. The size of the body segments and the body weight were measured by using measuring tape, Martin type anthropometer and digital body weighing scale. The result was analysed to observe the significance of the data as well as to determine the mean, standard deviation, 5th percentile and 95th percentile of the data. The comparison of the mean stature with Indonesian male students and male army of other countries was discussed in the paper. In future research, the result of this study will be used to predict the load handling capability of the Indonesian male army using the biomechanics method.

This research deals with the improvement of hardness property on the composite material made from aluminum matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes (Al-CNTs). There were two experiments conducted to enhance hardness property; forging and friction surfacing process. An axial mechanical force forged the Al-CNTs composite up to 40% of height of a cylindrical aluminum. A thermo-mechanical force was also applied in producing Al-CNTs coating by the friction surfacing process using Al-CNTs composite rod. Then, the hardness property obtained from these two processes was investigated. Results of the experiments showed that the hardness of Al-CNTs after the forging process improved 40–50% due to high amount of dislocation during forging which avoids deformation. This was indicating that 1 wt% CNTs does not decrease the hardenability of aluminum alloys. Meanwhile, the hardness Al-CNTs coating was not altered too much by the process of friction surfacing. This is becaused that the homogenous dispersion of the CNTs have occurred during the stir casting process.

Roads are land transportation infrastructure that covers all parts of the road. Roads with bad conditions will interfere with the achievement of activities to a destination. The situation also includes damage to the road surface in the form of holes. To overcome this, in this Final Project a hole detector was detected in the road using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Neural Network (NN). The tool detects holes in the surface of the road using a camera by walking along the road being examined. The camera is used instead of the eye to detect road surface damage. The method used to detect holes is the GLCM. The GLCM method produces several features, namely entropy, contrast, energy, homogeneity, and correlation which will then be processed using a NN to produce a decision whether there is a hole or not. In addition to knowing where the location of the damage is equipped with GPS (Global Positioning System). The results of image feature extraction using the GLCM and road classification using NN can be used in the hole detection process. Testing is done using a car prototype that is monitored through the computer. The percentage of successful hole detection is 86.6% using 10 hidden. When a hole is detected the device manages to take a picture, then sends the hole coordinates to the server.

Mandatory servers for universal applications that is accessible to number of users may be a deterrent for the corporation and excessive for small applications even though it could bring the compatibility advantages. Knowing that demand of web application increases to provide convenience and ease of use to the users, client side rendering comes to create software more fast and efficient. It has been done by redirecting the request towards an HTML file then the server will give messages without any content or a loading screen until the device takes all JavaScript to allow the browser compiling everything before displaying the content. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the comparison between client side and server side method in the respect of technical aspects in term of first content paint, speed index, time to interactive, first meaningful paint, first idle CPU and estimated input latency that present better performance with 2.1s, 2.0s, 2.2s, 2.1s, 2.2s and 20ms respectively on server side. It also provide better result based on Google Audit with 100% performance, 48% accessibility, 93% best practice and 89% of search engine optimization (SEO).

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is widely used as the material for the construction. The production of OPC has caused an issue on the environment, due to the release of CO2 in the air. The use of by-product or waste material from the industry as an alternative material in the concrete was considered to be a solution to cover this issue. Geopolymer was the advance method that was able to use by-product or waste material to replace OPC as the binder in the construction. However, this material should be rich in content of Si and Al, it was due to the reaction of waste material with the alkaline solution formed the gel of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al that contributed to the mechanical properties especially compressive strength. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a waste material from the furnace of oil palm that is also rich in the content of Si and Al so that it was considered a new material in geopolymer binder. The method to general geopolymer binder referred to the conventional method. The results showed that the analysis of XRD described the material of POFA in the crystalline with mullite, magnetite, hematite, and rutile. The analysis of FTIR identified that the material POFA has the stretching in the gel of Si-O-Al. The analysis of SEM showed that the particle of POFA has a rough surface that reduced the workability and longer setting time compared to the mixture of FA based geopolymer. Furthermore, the maximum compressive strength is 23 Mpa with the replacement of 5% POFA.

Soil is one of the most important materials in construction. Soil stabilization is an attempt to increase condition of soil that have poor engineering properties. Soil stabilization is also a mixture of soil with certain stabilizing agents to increase the engineering properties of the soil to attain technical requirements. This research used calcium hydroxide as a stabilizing material. The study purposes were to improve the engineering properties of clay due to the addition of 3% - 30% calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. The clay soil was classified as A-7-6 (9) based on the AASHTO classification system and was classified as CL (Clay – Low Plasticity) based on USCS. The unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR)of original soil was 6.29%. Meanwhile, the Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) of original soil was 1.42 kg/cm2. The study showed that the addition of calcium hydroxide increased the engineering properties of clay soil. The unsoaked CBR reached the maximum value of 11.46% at a variation of 12% calcium carbonate. The UCT also gained the maximum value of 3.12kg/cm2 at a variation of 12% calcium hydroxide.

The welding process can affect the mechanical properties of the metal. This study was aimed at examining the effects of welding on the strain rate of AISI 1005 carbon steel. Shield metal arc welding, utilizing an E6013 electrode with a diameter of 2.5 mm, a double V-notch with an angle of 120°, and a welding position of 1G, was used to weld low carbon steel. A tensile test was performed to determine the mechanical properties of the steel at various strain rates to represent the loads that it would be subjected to. The test was performed at strain rates of 3 mm/min, 9 mm/min, 15 mm/min and 20 mm/min. The results showed that as the strain rate of steel increased to 20 mm/min, the maximum tensile strength of 447.67 MPa and highest yield strength of 362.94 MPa were obtained, while the lowest values were obtained at a strain rate of 3 mm/min. An examination of the fractured surfaces using SEM showed that at the strain rates of 3 mm/min, 15 mm/min and 20 mm/min smaller voids were formed.

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic response of a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system. The experimental modal analysis is carried out by three typical types of spectral testing which are burst random, sine testing and periodic chirp excitation to achieve the objective of this study. The experimental data from the burst random excitation is used to identify the natural frequency of the system. The nonlinear dynamic response of the system is detected by means of using the sine testing and periodic chirp excitation. However, from the sine testing, the results showed that the variations of the maximum peak of the vibration acceleration based on the different levels of excitation voltage that were applied to the input shaker. It was also found that the displacement values obtained from the periodic chirp excitation showed an inconsistent linear increment with the excitation level that applied to the mass-spring system.

The use of materials for the construction of roads can be done by recycling asphalt concrete mixtures that have reached fatigue or aging conditions. The results from stripping the asphalt concrete layer on the surface layer can be reused after processing by recycling the material. The recycling process is often intended to preserve the environment from natural damage due to the processing of material for asphalt concrete mix. To improve the performance of the recycled mixture, additives have been widely used and the use of building materials as additives can also be obtained from building material waste. One of the waste that continues to increase is the waste of vehicle tires. In this research used tire waste that has been mashed up to Nano size. The use of finer used tire sizes is intended to facilitate the process of mixing with asphalt. Recycling performance of hot mix asphalt concrete on deformation performance has been used rutting test using Wheel Tracking Machine at a temperature of 27°C, 40°C and 60°C. The test results showed a decrease in the rate of deformation in the asphalt concrete recycle mixture using Nano crumb rubber added material.

Predicted results of a finite element model used to develop physical test structures are often found to be not in a good agreement with the experimental results due to the invalid assumptions made in the finite element modelling. This study will focus on improving the correlation level between the finite element model and experimental model of a car trunk lid with the presence of resistance spot welded joints using modal based updating method. The natural frequencies and mode shapes computed from the updated finite element model of the car trunk lid are compared with the corresponding experimental results. HyperWorks and Leuven Measurement System (LMS) test are used for the modelling and modal testing. MSC Nastran SOL200 is used to identify potential updating parameters and to improve the initial finite element model in the light of corresponding experimental results which are obtained from modal testing. The comparison of the results showed that the total error of 58.59 per cent predicted from the initial finite element model of the trunk lid has been successfully reduced to 3.62 per cent. In conclusion, modal based updating has been successfully used to improve the correlation level between the initial finite element model and the physical model of the trunk lid.

The rapid development of information and communication technology will deliver the public to the changing era, including in the business industry. The global community is currently in a transition towards digital society which is characterized by intensive use of science, technology and humanities, integrated infrastructure that demands human resources to be able to creative and innovative in order to face the demands in the digital business era. The existence of these changes affect global trends in logistics business practices in the industry, including by the movement towards free markets and regional cooperation to expand markets. Market expectations also change as global competition in products and services pushes for higher standards, lower costs and increasingly diverse choices of customers in the market. Research is needed with a comprehensive qualitative approach, mechanism, and exploration of needs to be anticipated by university to become a center of excellence and contribute to the real world by producing human resources that have strong character and integrity accompanied by the ability to innovate and utilize their digital knowledge to be able to work and win competitions in the global business industry, both as practitioners and academics, one of them is by opening a logistics engineering study program by focusing on e-logistics that suits market needs.

Blended Wing Body Aircraft (BWB) is an unconventional aircraft that combined the conventional and flying wing aircraft’s design. The unique design of the BWB offers a high fuel efficiency, low noise, and large payload volume for the size of aircraft. However, the BWB is unstable due to the absence of the its vertical stabilizer. A possible solution to improve this problem is using a horizontal control surface, the canard. For this purpose, the numerical simulation using NUMECA Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software were conducted to obtain the aerodynamics forces subjected on this aircraft. The lift coefficient (CL), drag coefficient (CD) and moment coefficient (CM) are analysed at Mach number 0.1. The study is specifically to discuss the effect of canard setting angle ™ of BWB from ™ = -10° to 10° in that particular of aspect ratio (AR 2, 4, 6 and 8) towards aerodynamics parameters, CL, CD, and CM.

Stripping the road surface layers of asphalt concrete caused by various considerations that have been damaged by the aging process of asphalt. This stripping material will continue to grow in sufficient quantities if the recycling process is not utilized. The recycling process can be done by restoring the performance of asphalt or aggregate and can even occur both to meet the specifications required originally. In this research, asphalt concrete mixture has been used where the asphalt element has undergone an aging process so that it needs to be rejuvenated or softened. The addition of used oil has been used in the process of softening the hot Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACWC) type. The process of increasing the performance of recycled blends has used Nano Crumb Rubber (NCR) material. The test results show that the ratio of the old asphalt content and used oil as a softener is obtained with a ratio of 11: 4 to obtain the required level of softening. This composition has produced a bitumen penetration value of 60, and the addition of NCR 2.5% and 5% to the asphalt content. Testing for recycled asphalt mixes is carried out with Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and water absorption testing for recycled mixtures for paving blocks. The test results show the addition of NCR by the dry method has increased the strength of the mixture at both ambient and higher temperatures of 35 °C and 45 °C.

Estimating rotational frequency response functions (FRFs) from experimental data is very challenging, and the estimation often leads to poor FRFs due to the presence of spurious resonance peaks. In practice, special equipment is essentially required in the measurement process, unless the rotational FRFs are synthesised using measured modal data. This paper presents an alternative approach for estimating the rotational FRFs of a geometrically complex structure by using finite element modal updating, mode expansion and the FRF synthesis method. The applicability and accuracy of the proposed approach are demonstrated on a car front-end module A simplified finite element (SFE) model of the test structure is introduced and the SFE model is then updated based on the measured modal model obtained from experimental modal analysis. The mode shapes of the updated SFE model are expanded to the test model to obtain the entire translational and rotational modal vector. The rotational FRFs of the expended experimental model is derived via the FRF synthesis method. The derived translational FRF is compared with the measured counterparts for validation purposes. It was found that the derived translational and measured FRF are in a perfect match, and the derived rotational FRF has successfully estimated all the resonance peaks within the frequency of interest. The findings from this work may be useful in improving the accuracy of the experimental rotational FRFs, which are crucial for particular structural dynamics analysis.

This research focusses on the effect of vegetable oils, i.e. crude palm oil (CPO) and coconut oil (CO), used as the cutting fluid on the wear of carbide cutting tool insert in a face milling process. The performances of the tool, in term of wear and the surface roughness of the workpiece, were investigated and compared to those resulting from a similar milling process but using conventional cutting fluid, which is a commercial soluble oil emulsion (SOE). The results show that at the spindle speed of 360 rpm and the feed rate of 80 mm/min, the tool wear was smaller in the case of CO than that in the case of CPO cutting fluid, which is 0.16 mm2 compared to 0.40 mm2, respectively. The tool worn area in these cases are still larger than that in the case of SOE, which is 0.09 mm2. However, at higher spindle speed of 490 rpm and feed rate of 80 mm/min, the smallest tool worn area occurred for the case of CO cutting fluid, which is 0.04 mm2, compared to 0.1 mm2 and 0.11 mm2 for the case of CPO and SOE cutting fluids, respectively. As for the workpiece, the achieved surface roughness, Ra, were relatively similar for all the evaluated cases.

One of pavement deterioration causes is the lack of road drainage maintenance. Road drainage system has a function to dry the pavement thus water can flow as quickly as possible out of the road surface and then flow through the channel to the final disposal. Road distress will interfere the comfort and safety ride and affect the pavement structure performance and quality. This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of drainage conditions through road pavement structures distress using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method in Jakarta. The method used is a field research with primary data in the form of road distress survey that will be evaluated using PCI and analyzed using factorial experiment design. The research results using Design of Experiments shows that the main factors which greatly influence the road distress is drainage conditions, PCI score and surface water condition. Most of the surveyed region has a “good” PCI score and “routine maintenance” type.