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In this paper, numerous and comprehensive physical and mechanical tests were carried out on various building construction materials (i.e. different kinds of floor and wall tiles, steel bars and widely used metal plate of doors and windows) to investigate how the high level of temperatures significantly impact on these materials through the physical, structural and mechanical changes. Before exposing of materials to this heating level, tests are performed on materials to be as a reference. The physical and mechanical characterization includes; compression tests, tensile tests, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) as well as Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It was observed that the high temperature led to make damages on the internal and external structure of the materials and this obviously effects on the durability of the building or may lead to its destruction. It was noticed also that this level of temperature reduced the compressive strength whereas the molecular structure is strongly influenced by this reduction. Slightly changes in tensile strength of rebar were also noticed. High temperatures level are significantly effect on the internal structure of the floor and wall tiles and fine and moderate cracks on the roofs of these tiles are appeared and reduction in the modulus of rupture of the floor and wall tiles.

In this study, new spectrophotometric methods development for evaluation of ciprofloxacin are described. The first method including conversion of ciprofloxacin to colored complex with Fe (II) in the alkaline medium. The colored product has a yellow color with absorbance at λmax 450 nm. Between the concentration range (2-90 μg.mL−1), the Beers law is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2) as 0.9996, limit of detection as 0.365 μg.mL−1, limit of quantification as 1.189 μg.mL−1. Secondly, cloud point extraction was used to determine of a trace amount of the colored product in the first method followed by measuring with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of calibration curve was above the range of (1-50μg.mL−1), the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9995. The Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.129 and 0.387 μg.mL1 respectively. This method was successfully employed for ciprofloxacin detection in the several pharmaceutical samples by Rec. Was rang between (98-102.8).

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have witnessed rapid developments in the field of online post-processing services and the abundance of continuously operating reference stations (CORS), which reflected on facilitating the tasks of surveyors, engineers and geoscientists. However, the sufficient time for observations to achieve a certain level of accuracy is still one of the main concerns for researchers and specialists. In this study, the geometry of a short-sides triangle has been employed to estimate the sufficient observing times of GNSS receivers throughout the online processing services. The short-sides triangle vertices were observed for 24 hours and partitioned into shorter periods of time, then GPS and GLONASS have been processed as well as GPS alone after filtering out the GLONASS observables. Datasets have been processed using online post-processing services, i.e. AUSPOS and CSRS-PPP. A number of propagation error models have been applied to investigate the station accuracy behaviour. the results have revealed that RMS errors of 1 cm can be achieved after two hours for horizontal component and three hours for the vertical component. Furthermore, including GLONASS satellites is playing a role to enhance accuracy especially in short observation times.

In this study, experimental and numerical applied of heat distribution due to pulsed Nd: YAG laser surface melting. Experimental side was consists of laser parameters are, pulse duration1.3ms, wavelength 1064nm, laser energies 1.5, 2. 6 and 4.3 J, laser beam diameter is 0.6 mm and spot diameter 0.78 mm was applied a low carbon steel type St37 with a dimension 10, 10, 3 mm, length, width and thickness respectively. Numerical analysis side consist of a mathematical model and calculating a thermal cycle by using equation in the enthalpy method applied to determine the cooling rate in fusion zone. The simulation by using the enthalpy method, applied on conduction heat transfer to estimate the cooling rate model in fusion zone and heat affected zones. Cooling rates models are helping to estimate the microstructure and micro hardness distribution in fusion and heat affected zones. The complication of the heat transfer in laser surface melting process, because at in rapid solidification, therefore the enthalpy model is more appropriate for this case. The result shows that increases of laser energy lead to decrease cooling rates and increase width and penetration of fusion zone, also decrease micro hardness in fusion zone and we found an increase in the pool size of fusion and heat affected zones.

The vast advantages of 3D modelling industry have urged competitors to improve capturing techniques and processing pipelines towards minimizing labour requirements, saving time and reducing project risk. When it comes to digital 3D documentary and conserving projects, laser scanning and photogrammetry are compared to choose between the two. Since both techniques have pros and cons, this paper approaches the potential issues of individual techniques in terms of time, budget, accuracy, density, methodology and ease to use. Terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry are tested to document a unique invaluable artefact (Lady of Hatra) located in Iraq for future data fusion scenario. Insight investigations of the factors affecting data processing and modelling in individual comparing techniques are discussed and analysed. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis was applied based on multiple criteria, such as level of automation (LOA), accuracy and point cloud integrity towards the adaption of data fusion approaches and co-registering frameworks for optimal deliverables.