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A healthy house is a building used to protect humans from climate disturbances, bacteria, and other hazards for human health. A healthy and safe home is necessary to meet human needs both physically, mentally, and socially. A healthy home is also a way to protect ourselves from the current pandemic of Covid-19. Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has a rising number of infections. This research is a preliminary study to evaluate the home performance, including its environment in Aceh, which utilizes the quantitative method of collecting data through a survey. The evaluation parameters are referred to the healthy house standards from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The data collection was done conveniently to 14 houses located across Aceh. The study shows that among the surveyed house, one house (7.1%) is good, six houses (42.8%) are moderate, seven houses (50%) are bad. The number of the survey is small; however, it can be a start to figure out the quality of houses in Aceh based on the healthy home standard. This study also indicates that the ventilation for providing air circulation and daylight is the poorest. While, actually an excellent ventilation will outlast the pandemic due to the increase of the infiltration rate that will reduce the trapped virus, odors, and other contaminants.

Natural silk is one of the sources of livelihood for rural Indonesians. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, natural silk production has been affected. During the pandemic, the community implements health protocols such as keeping physical distance and physical contact. Meanwhile, the natural silk business is a labor-intensive business that involves a lot of labor, so a strategy is needed in order that silk farmers could continue running their productive business to meet the necessities of life. This paper aims to provide information on the potential for the economic increase of Indonesian silk farmers through sericulture technological applications. The research used desk study, descriptive qualitative, and quantitative methods with the study locations in Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and Java Provinces. The results of the study show that the technology input through the mulberry hybrid and silkworm hybrids can increase farmers’ cocoon production by 21.4% - 36.4% with an increase of silk filament production by 75.4% -358.8% per silkworm box. In addition, the use of mulberry hybrids and standard silkworm rearing room is also a potential for silk farmers to increase the number of silkworms raised with the same resource capital in the form of land ownership area and number of family labor. The application of sericulture technology is indispensable as one of the solutions in increasing the productivity of silk farmers in the pandemic era hence a sustainable socialization of technology is needed.

The restriction enzyme is important for genotyping using the PCR-RFLP technique. Therefore, this study aims to identify the restriction enzyme mapping in the partial sequence of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene in Indonesian local cattle. A total of 29 samples sized 306 bp, were aligned with Genbank sequence acc no. NC_032660, resulting three polymorphic sites, namely g.193G>C, g.227T>C, and g.275A>C. Furthermore, the restriction mapping analysis using the NEBcutter program V2.0 showed that no enzyme recognized the SNP g.275A>C, while the SNP g.193G>C and g.227T>C were identified by the AluI and MscI enzymes, respectively. The AluI enzyme cuts at two positions (193 bp and 243 bp) in the G allele sample producing three fragments namely 50 bp, 63 bp, and 193 bp, meanwhile, in the C allele, the AluI cuts only in position 243 bp, hence, the fragment products are 63 bp and 243 bp. In contrast, the MscI enzyme was only recognized in the T allele, producing fragments sized 77 bp and 229 bp but failed to identify the restriction site along with the PCR products in the C allele. Based on the results, the SNPs (g.193G>C and g.227T>C) and restriction enzymes (AluI and MscI) are applicable for genotyping local Indonesian cattle using the PCR-RFLP technique in future studies.

The furniture industry is one of the leading sectors and has a positive trend in Indonesia’s industrial sector. However, currently, there is a gap between supply and demand for timber and environmental impacts problem. The circular economy model entered as a restorative or regenerative concept to optimize resources and waste minimization. This research is conducted to assess the factors that drive the implementation of circular economy in the Indonesian furniture industry. The Fuzzy-Dematel was used to find the factors that were contributing to the implementation of the circular economy. As a result, the cause group consists of knowledge of circular economy, government support & legislation, consumer awareness, the business principle for the environment, and scarcity of resources. Furthermore, the effect group consists of resources efficiency, economic (financial), technology availability, environmental safety & management, customer-supplier collaboration, corporate image, consumer demand, increased value products, and cost reduction. In addition, some strategies for the government and industry were proposed for circular economy implementation in the Indonesian furniture industry.

Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world vegetable oil market. However, Indonesia export share had decreasing trend and there is an emerging competition from South America and African palm oil producer. Another issue is a non-competitive strategy from European countries for limiting palm oil import. This study aims to seek the pricing behavior of Indonesian exporter in the world palm oil market. This study shows Indonesian exporter apply Local Currency Price Stabilization Strategy to European countries but more competitive behavior to other importing countries. The LCPS strategy to European countries might be induced by more elastic palm oil demand on that region. The opposite with India and China that might have less elastic palm oil demand schedule. However, Indonesian exporter should have more awareness of future competition in the palm oil market and its pricing strategy, especially to emerging demand from India and China.

The need for adequate rainfall data in all regions of Indonesia cannot be achieved only by relying on ground observation tools. This work aims to evaluate the application of spatial satellite rainfall data in characterizing rainfall associated with climatic condition over Indonesia. This study applied an Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data using a double correlation method (DCM). The analysis was carried out in the period April 2014 to March 2019. Before regionalization, IMERG V06 data were validated using observed rainfall data from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG). The results showed that 96% of 154 total validation locations have a high correlation score between IMERG and rain gauges (r = 0.5 – 0.97). IMERG was also able to identify monthly and annual rainfall patterns in Indonesia. Based on DCM, we obtained four rainfall regions in Indonesia. Region A has the monsoonal characteristic, covers central and south Indonesia from south Sumatra to Nusa Tenggara, south parts of Kalimantan, some areas of Sulawesi, and parts of Papua. Region B has an equatorial pattern (semi-monsoonal), located in the equatorial area of Indonesia and covers the west and east part of Sumatra and the north-central part of Kalimantan. Region C, with an anti-monsoonal pattern, covers Maluku, western-central Papua, and parts of Sulawesi. Region D is influenced by monsoon and cold surge characteristics, located in the north part of Sumatera and a small portion of northern Kalimantan to the South China Sea region. Besides the new region D, this research also showed five other differences between IMERG-based map and gridded rain gauges’ data-based map (2003). The regionalization results based on IMERG reveal that there is a possibility of updating areas with certain rainfall characters in Indonesia related to resolution, density, and updates data sources.

The comfort temperature and sleep quality of Indonesian residing in Japan during summer might be different from Japanese. As an extended previous research, this study aimed to compare the thermal comfort and sleep quality between Japanese and Indonesian students. Male Indonesian and Japanese students aged 20-35 years participated in this study. The participants completed a survey regarding thermal sensation before sleep. During sleep, actigraphy was used to monitor sleep. Additionally, the temperature and relative humidity of the participants’ bedrooms were recorded. The findings of this study indicated that Indonesian students’ bedroom temperature and relative humidity were not significantly different from those of Japanese students during the summer. Most of Indonesian students preferred neutral, like the Japanese students. According to a thermal comfort survey, Indonesians had the same sensation as Japanese (slightly comfortable). However, the Griffiths method revealed that the mean comfort temperature of Indonesian was higher than those of Japanese students. We also discovered that Indonesian students had shorter duration on bed and sleep minute than Japanese students. Furthermore, the sleep rate of Indonesian students was comparable to that of Japanese students. In conclusion, Indonesian students as tropical native became capable of adjusting to the hot and humid conditions in temperate climate, Japan.

Competitiveness is an essential key in market penetration in export destination countries. This study aims to analyze Indonesian coconut oil, refined, bleached and deodorized and desiccated coconut (DC) export performance and its competitiveness in the export market. The competitiveness measurement is seen from comparative and competitive advantages over the two products in each leading export destination market. The analysis method used graphical illustrations and the RCA and EPD covering the period of 2009-2018. The study shows that coconut oil and DC’s export performance increases in all export markets during the analysis period. The Chinese market is a prospective market for coconut oil with the most significant export growth, 10.51% per year, and the largest market share after the USA and South Korea. Meanwhile, the Russian market is the biggest after Germany and Singapore for DC products. The result shows that coconut oil and DC product have comparative competitiveness in all export markets. Coconut oil products are no longer competitive in the South Korean market because their exports are not growing dynamically. The Chinese market is still open, but Indonesia cannot take advantage of this opportunity (lost opportunity). Meantime, DC products have an ideal position in the Russian market and the USA market for coconut oil, namely the rising star. Indonesia gains additional market share with dynamic growth (fast-growing product). Active efforts to find new markets through market diversification and diplomacy while maintaining existing markets can be an option to increase the export of coconut oil and desiccated product.

After introducing the Green Revolution in Indonesia and the Sustainable Farming System in Thailand, environmental issues in the agricultural sector became an interesting topic. This article discusses the efforts of the Governments of Indonesia and Thailand in implementing Agri-environmental policies (AEPs). The implementation of AEPs has become a discourse that in the last few decades has played an increasingly vital role for the government to encourage the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI). Indonesia and Thailand are two developing countries in the Asia Pacific that have great attention in implementing AEPs. Therefore, this research has two main objectives: 1) Analyzing the determinants of successful implementation of AEPs in the two countries, and 2) Analyzing the role of AEPs in each country for improving the EPI and SNMI. The method used in this research is comparative descriptive with a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the data collection technique was carried out by studying documentation from various sources related to AEPs. The results show that Indonesia’s AEPs, the Green Revolution, improve the SNMI indicators. Meanwhile, the determinant of the success of the AEPs, namely the Sustainable Farming System in Thailand, is in optimizing the EPI.

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic variation of bPRL (Bovine Prolactin) gene and its association to milk production in Indonesian Friesian Holstein (IFH) dairy cattle. In total 49 DNA from whole blood were extracted and followed with PCR-RFLP to distinguish the genotype difference between individual samples. The fragment of bPRL gene was amplified using pair of primer forward 5’-GAGTCCTTATGAGCTTGATTCTT-3’ and reverse 5’-GCCTTCCAGAAGTCGTTTGTTTTC-3’, resulting in 156 bp PCR product size. DNA digestion then performed using RsaI restriction enzyme that recognizes 5’-GT↓AC-3’ sites with blunt-end termini. According to the study, two genotypes were discovered that are AA and AB, with respective frequencies of 0.84 and 0.16. Based on the genotype grouping of milk production data, AB genotype yielded 4016.63±1344 kg while AA genotype yielded 3314.32±1153 Kg of milk per lactation. However, there is no statistical (P>0,05) difference between both genotypes on the amount of milk yielded. It is concluded that bPRL gene was not associated with milk production traits in the studied Indonesian Dairy Cattle population.

The food and beverage industry is the largest contributor to waste in Indonesia. It is because the product packaging waste has not been handled properly. This industry will continue to grow following population growth and the level of people’s purchasing power every year, so there is a risk that it will generate more post-production waste. This study examines the disclosure of environmental management practices, and green innovations carried out by food and beverage companies in Indonesia. This study also wants to see the effect of information disclosure and environmental innovation implementation on product sales growth. Based on the purposive sampling technique, this study employed 54 food and beverage industry companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2017-2019. This study used descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression. The research results showed that green innovation had a significant positive effect on sales growth, while environmental management disclosure has a significant negative effect. The company has also actively supported government programs in green innovation, among them using new technologies that can reduce waste and production materials that can be recycled.

In a continuous study on the Indonesian marine sponges, we found aHyrtiossponge during our expedition in Lhok Mata Ie, an isolated place around Aceh Besar, Indonesia in 2017. The bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography was applied to give pure material. Moreover, the spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of puupehenone (1), a unique class of merosesquiterpene together with its analogs (2-3). Their structures and bioactivity against multidrug-resistantEscherichia coli(MDRE. coli) together with several cell lines are described here.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor level on the physical quality of Indonesian rabbit fur leather. A total of 15 sheets of Indonesian local rabbit leather (30 cm long and 26 cm wide) were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The five treatments were level of fatliquor: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. In this study, the physical quality of rabbit fur leather was measured in tension, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Level of fatliquor affects (P

Body weight is a critical parameter to monitor in chickens due to its correlation with better performance during the production phase. Hence, this study aimed to present an overview of the body weight performance of indigenous Indonesian chickens in the grower phase. The study was conducted in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Data of body weight performance data of 227 Merawang, 157 Murung Panggang, and 416 KUB chickens in the grower phase were collected. These weights were measured 4 times at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks while rearing the chickens in battery cages in a closed house under similar management. The result showed that the Murung Panggang chickens at each age had the highest body weight and uniformity value (Pth week showed similar weights, ranging between 400-600 g. However, at the 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks, the Merawang and Murung Panggang chickens had higher body weight performance. Therefore, this study suggested that Merawang and Murung Panggang chickens may have a greater potential to attain higher final body weights.

This study aims to explore how traditional buildings of Indonesia adapted and responded to the current climate. Scientific publications regarding traditional houses from various regions in Indonesia were gathered to be examined the locality values in thermal comfort. The examination of the scientific publications highlighted some housing elements and arrangements that influence the thermal comfort of the houses. The building elements that affect the thermal comfort encompass lifted house on stilts; appropriate size and amount of windows; ventilated roof; selected natural material; divider arrangement; and the existence of veranda. Furthermore, as exemplified in Bali, the proper spatial arrangement between house buildings and open space influences traditional Indonesian houses’ thermal comfort. In conclusion, dealing with climate in a tropical area with high humidity can be demonstrated in those locality values without consuming excess energy for a cooling system. The significance of this study is beneficial for the development of tropical houses, which is expectedly to consider those locality values.

In aggregate, Indonesia’s national food reserves (rice) in early 2021 are adequate, as indicated by the stock to use ratio (SUR) reaching 25.16% above the FAO recommendation of 17‒18%, with the end of 2020 rice stock reaching 7.9 million tons from 29.3 million tons rice consumption needs. As mandated by Food Law 18/2012, Indonesia has established a multi-layered mechanism of national food reserves, consist of a central government food reserve, regional government food reserves (provincial, district/city, and village level), and community food reserves. This paper aims to examine the various implementation of Indonesia’s national rice reserves along with synergy recommendations to strengthen government, regional governments, and community’s food reserves. The approach used is descriptive qualitative analysis, by exploring information and secondary data across institutions with national and regional coverage. The results of the study show: (1) the need for an increase in Central Government Rice Reserves (CGRR) in the range of 1.5‒2 million tons accompanied by strengthening the mechanism to absorb farmers production of unhulled rice/rice to stabilize rice prices especially at the peak harvest time; (2) strengthening the intensity of advocacy and coordination amongst key-stakeholders in provincial and district/city to optimize the implementation of government food reserves area; and (3) strengthening and developing village-based community food barns through cooperation with the Strategic Command for Rice Mill Development (Kostraling) and Village Owned Enterprise (BUM Desa and BUM Desma).

Potato’s farming in Indonesia is thought to be profitable. However, its competitiveness in global production is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial feasibility of potato’s farming in Indonesia and its competitiveness in global production. The data used were the results of National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) surveys in 2008, 2011 and 2017. The cost and benefit analysis were used to analyze the financial feasibility. In addition, productivity and producer price were used to measure its global competitiveness. The results showed that potato’s farming during the period of 2008 to 2017 was highly profitable. The R/C ratios were high and continued to increase. These results showed that potato’s farming in the study area is profitable and feasible to be done. In contrast, although potato’s farming in the study area is very profitable, it has no competitiveness in global production, due to the relatively low yield and high cost shown by producer price. The highest cost component was seed. Therefore, there should be a significant effort to find out the efficient use of seed, as well as to increase the capacity of farmers in producing good quality seeds efficiently. It is a challenge for breeding research to produce potato’s varieties with higher yields than currently exist in Indonesia. Another challenge is the research on the use of cut seed into pieces with minimum of two shoots per section.

The domestic market is the primary market of the Indonesian locally produced mango. There is a positive transition in the economy in this market, highlighting the increase of healthy lifestyles and changes in fresh agri-food product preferences, including fresh mango. Understanding how consumers in this community have a variation in preferences is essential to formulate the strategy to improve the performance of the Indonesian mango value chain. This study aims to identify quality attributes of fresh mango considered important by Indonesian domestic consumers. An online consumer survey involving 435 consumers was conducted in February 2021 in Jakarta, the biggest city in Indonesia. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, consumers are divided into four clusters based on their perception of the importance of mango quality attributes. The results highlight the differences between four clusters of respondents in giving importance to intrinsic and extrinsic mango quality attributes, where three out of four clusters concern with quality attributes importance. The differences in respondent characteristics in each cluster can represent how different consumers give importance to a mango quality attribute. It can be valuable information to improve mango value chain performance by understanding that most consumers are concerned about mango quality attributes’ importance.

Madura cattle is a one of the native cattle that are genetically tolerant of tropical climates. Madura cattle are one of the beef cattle breeds in Indonesia. Madura cattle can be a superior breed, but improving growth trait in Madura cattle needs to be conducted. The early step that was needed was for detecting the genes which were involved in growth traits. The purpose of this research was for detecting GHR gene polymorphisms and its association with body weight of Madura cattle population in Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. This study used 110 DNA samples of Madura cattle that was collected from the experimental barn at Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. DNA samples were extracted by DNA extraction kit. Genotype of GHR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzymes. In this study, association genotype and body weight was analysed by univariate GLM method. The birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and 18 months weight of Madura cattle were 16.8±0.3 kg; 82.4±2.3 kg; 124.6±3.7 kg and 166.7±5.0 kg, respectively. The GHR genes of Madura cattle had 3 genotypes AA, AG and GG and genotype frequencies of GHR gene were 0.273 (AA), 0.373 (AG), 0.355 (GG), respectively. Whereas the allele frequencies of A was 0.459 and the allele frequencies of G was 0.541. Based on Chi-square (X2) analysis showed that the population sample was not disequilibrium. The result of association analysis was significant (P

The production of local chickens in Indonesia is determined by the availability of high-quality local chicken stocks. However, information on local chicken performance is limited, therefore, this study aims to determine the live weight performance of three local Indonesian chicken namely Merawang, Murung Panggang, and KUB in the starter phase. The study was conducted at chicken farm located in Semanu Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the live weight data were collected at the starter phase (0, 2, and 4 weeks. The samples consisted of 196 Merawang, 157 Murung Panggang, and 416 KUB chickens reared in a battery cage in a closed house under similar conditions. Furthermore, the live weight performance data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result, the Merawang chicken had the highest live weight (P0.05). However, the live weight of Murung Panggang was significantly higher at 2 and 4 weeks compared to others (P< 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that there are variations in the live weight of the three local chickens during the starter phase.

This study aims to examine the determinants of environmental performance on the firms listed in the agriculture sector of the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The analysis technique uses multiple regressions to observe 67 firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in the agriculture sector during 2016 – 2019. Furthermore, the independent variables consist of return on equity (ROE), firm age, size, leverage, and audit firm; and the dependent is environmental performance. The result shows that return on equity negatively affects environmental performance while firm age, size, and leverage have a positive effect. Furthermore, audit firm does not affect environmental performance in Indonesian Agricultural Firms. Therefore, firms with higher age, bigger sizes, and leverage will likely increase environmental performance even though profitability has decreased. Several factors such as firm age, size, leverage, and profitability should be considered to analyze environmental performance.

Vanilla is a world-well-known spice product, especially as food and beverage flavoring; however, the availability of (natural) vanilla is too little (less than 1%) to meet the demand for vanilla either industry or household. So far, most Indonesian vanilla is traded as a commodity in the international (export) and domestic markets. For producers who are primarily smallholders, these conditions create business uncertainty and added value. This paper aims to review the strategy of product transformation from general commodities into certified products or branded products by utilizing digital marketing (e-commerce), which leads to the stability of the price of vanilla products (reduced uncertainty), and creates an additional value. The method used in this study is the literature review method. Product transformation requires product development, where certified products must follow particular procedures in production to obtain certification, and branded products require differentiating features in products that consumers appreciate. In addition to product development as a primary strategy is also needed supporting strategies such as proper pricing and promotion. This review implies that there is an opportunity to transform a vanilla product from a commodity to certified and branded products; hence it should become vanilla development agenda.

Various types of Indonesian coffee are already popular internationally. Recently, there are still not many methods to classify the types of typical Indonesian coffee. Computer vision is a non-destructive method for classifying agricultural products. This study aimed to classify three types of Indonesian Arabica coffee beans, i.e., Gayo Aceh, Kintamani Bali, and Toraja Tongkonan, using computer vision. The classification method used was the AlexNet convolutional neural network with sensitivity analysis using several variations of the optimizer such as SGDm, Adam, and RMSProp and the learning rate of 0.00005 and 0.0001. Each type of coffee used 500 data for training and validation with the distribution of 70% training and 30% validation. The results showed that all AlexNet models achieved a perfect validation accuracy value of 100% in 1,040 iterations. This study also used 100 testing-set data on each type of coffee bean. In the testing confusion matrix, the accuracy reached 99.6%.

Encouraging the growth of Indonesia’s agricultural sector is important for improving the export performance of Indonesia’s leading commodities. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the IDR exchange rate and the shock of the determinants of cocoa exports on the growth of Indonesian cocoa exports. The research was conducted using time series data from 1969-2017. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The analysis showed that the data is stationary at the first difference. The causality test shows that cocoa production, IDR exchange rate, GDP affect the growth of Indonesian cocoa exports, but world cocoa prices have no effect on cocoa exports. The results of the impulse response factor (IRF) analysis show that the response of cocoa exports to changes in the exchange rate is more volatile when compared to the response of production, GDP, and world cocoa prices to Indonesian cocoa exports. Analysis of variance decomposition shows that the contribution of the IDR exchange rate to export growth is greater than the contribution of world cocoa prices, GDP, and production at the beginning of exports, however over time the influence of the IDR exchange rate will decrease and it is the number of production factors that will affect Indonesia’s cocoa exports. Indonesia needs to increase production by maintaining the quality of cocoa according to export needs considering the demand for cocoa that will continue to increase. Bilateral or multilateral cooperation is needed to strengthen cocoa export cooperation with major importing.

This study aimed to investigate the carcinogen content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial charcoal grilled goat satay. Twenty-one portions of commercial raw goat satay and charcoal grilled goat satay samples were obtained from 4 restaurants which are the largest, well-known, and 15-55 years old goat satay restaurant in Batu Municipality, East Java. Sampling of 2 goat satay types (goat satay without sliced fat and goat satay with sliced fat) was carried out 3 replications in 3 consecutive weekends where many tourists visited. The results showed that the temperature of wood charcoal for grilling commercial raw goat satay in various satay restaurants ranged 486.833-548.300 oC with a grilling duration of 2-5.5 minutes and grilling distance of 0.5-2 cm. The weight of raw goat satay for a serving (10 skewers) ranged 144.000-194.000 g and after grilling the weight ranged 97.333-148.000 g. Total natural antioxidant activity (Dipheny-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH), fat content and moisture content of raw goat satay with sliced fat and without sliced fat reached up to 36.661 and 34.124%; 13.440-26.100% and 1.5-6.305%; 57.940-66.385% and 71.530-76.810%, respectively. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the only type of PAHs that is carcinogenic, for charcoal grilled goat satay with sliced fat and without sliced fat in various satay restaurants, ranged from not detected to 6.330 mg/kg and not detected to 0.773 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of BaP in charcoal grilled goat satay in several satay restaurants exceeded the safety limit by National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NA-DFC) of Republic Indonesia. Benzo(a)antharacene (BaA) and pyrene (Pyr) were detected in all grilled goat satay samples in various satay restaurants. Whereas, phenanthrene (Phe), acenaphthene (Acp) and naphthalene (Nap) were not detected in all grilled goat satay samples in various satay restaurants. The conclusion of our study was that the commercial charcoal grilled goat satay that are sold in Batu municipality contains PAH, especially the carcinogenic B(a)P. Therefore practical mitigation efforts are needed for producers to reduce and prevent the formation of carcinogenic B(a)P in commercial charcoal grilled goat satay.

Studies on women’s roles in Indonesian mango farming were rarely conducted. This paper examines the changes made to women’s roles in mango production and its benefit distribution for household (HH) needs due to Area Wide Management (AWM) implementation for fruit flies. Data were collected at two villages in Indramayu, West Java, during July and August 2019. The respondents were cooperator farmers who had taken part during the 2010‒2015 AWM project implementation. This study applied a survey method for data collecting using structured questionnaires. The data were descriptively analyzed with a focus on gender perspectives. The study showed that the primary activity of most cooperators was for mango farming. Women had minor roles in pre-harvest and harvest mango farming activities. However, almost all accesses and participations of pre-harvest activities had increased after the implementation of AWM. Women’s controls have increased for all activities except for processing and sorting, which had been already high. Adult females took control of financial decision-making on how the mango farming benefit was allocated. There was a higher allocation expense on savings, education and vehicle following the implementation of AWM. The increased women’s role in the production and financial decision-making had given promising results in children’s education improvements. This study suggested that the agricultural program should involve women as the actors as well as the beneficiaries. The women’s involvement in the project was expected to optimize the benefits of the project, and further will ensure its sustainability.

Chinese architecture which is part of Indonesia's history is an interesting topic, because each of Chinese architecture in Indonesia carries its own characteristics which are quite unique with suitable materials based on existing local conditions. The character of Chinese architecture in various places in Indonesia is the result of a combination of Chinese architectural characters mixed with local architecture which is part of Indonesian architecture and also plays a very large role in Indonesian architectural styles. One of the interesting Chinatown areas used as a study location is Karawang Chinatown, Karawang Regency, West Java. The purpose of this study is: 1) To get a picture of Karawang Chinatown which has a concept of Chinatown architecture; and 2) To know the cultural acculturation in the architecture Karawang Chinatown. This study uses a qualitative approach that is based on the naturalistic paradigm with an inductive method. The cultural acculturation between Chinese culture and local/colonial culture creates a unique architecture and a symbolic meanings, the character is a blend of Chinese architecture with local architecture that needs to be preserved. Keywords: cultural acculturation, Chinese architecture, Karawang Chinatown.

In order to explore the application effect of BioSilAc solid foliar fertilizer and OBFs liquid foliar fertilizer produced by Indonesia Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-industry on tea plantations in red soil region, a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of spraying BioSilAc and OBFs on the morphological indexes of tea garden, fresh tea outputs and contents of biochemical components of tea in red soil region of southern China. Results showed that spraying BioSilAc and OBFs could increase bud density by 14.4%-24%, 100 buds’ weight of tea by 17.0%-33.9%, internode length by 9.5%-23.8% and leaf area by 6.9%-23.1%, respectively; The yield of autumn tea and spring tea increased by 2.4%-6.7% and 13.1%-24.7% respectively, and the total yield of fresh tea was increased by 7.1%-14.5%; The contents of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water extract were increased by 8.3%-24.0%, 19.0%-47.6%, 3.5%-19.7% and 13.2%-31.3%, respectively. Among them, treatment of CF+OBFs had the best effect on improving the morphological indexes of tea gardens, promoting the yield and increasing the content of biochemical components of tea.

The optimum performance of the cowpea plant population in the field could be determined by their seed quality. The research aims to evaluate the seed quality of several cowpea local varieties after being stored in the form of seeds and pods. A total of 18 cowpea local varieties from East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Kalimantan, and West Sulawesi were evaluated for their seed vigor and viability after being stored for 30 and 60 days at room temperature using plant material in the form of seeds and pods. The seed multiplication was conducted in the field at Banyuwangi, and the seed quality test using sand media was carried out at the glasshouse of ILETRI Malang. The storage of cowpea in the form of pods and seeds for up to 30 days did not significantly affect the seed quality. Four local varieties (VU 0007, VU 0093, VU 0125, VU 0155) showed good viability at the storage of 30 and 60 days, respectively. The VU 0032 and VU 0076 have optimum viability after being stored for 60 days. The speed of the germination index (SGI) was not only describing the level of vigor but also able to show the type of plant material to be stored. The VU 0007, VU 0093, and VU 0155 were recommended to be stored in the form of seeds, meanwhile, the VU 0125 can be stored for up to 60 days in the form of seeds or pods. The morphological characters of sprouts, namely hypocotyl length, stem dry weight, and root dry weight, could be considered as a benchmark parameter for seed vigor of cowpea.

The increased incidence of cancer is one of the serious health problems related to climate change. The deterioration of the environment becomes one of the risk factors for cancer. In respond to that problem, the Indonesian health system makes a breakthrough to strengthen health resilience by encouraging the use of Indonesian plant medicine in adjunct with standard pharmaceutical therapy for cancer. The study aimed to investigate the potential of Indonesian plant medicine for the development of complementary medicine for cancer.This review is based on the original paper published on the last five years. The search found several Indonesian plant with high potency for anti-cancer activity, based on in vitro and in vivo study. The medicinal plant include Curcuma longa, Annona muricata, Morinda citrifolia, Elephantopus scaber, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC, and Caesalpinia sappan.

A construction company is a business that offers services for construction and/or construction works. In a duration from July 2017 to July 2019, 23 accidents have occurred that are related with infrastructure projects conducted by highly qualified national construction companies that are certified for ISO quality standard, among which are several national strategic projects. These events cause physical and material losses that affect the level of confidence towards the quality of the work results. These events can occur because the application of ISO is not followed by the development of a good quality culture, and there is no ownership of quality culture maturity. For this reason, the objective of this research is then to identify the variables of quality culture maturity in construction companies so that it can be used to measure maturity level of quality culture, and to obtain a strategy to increase the said maturity level quality culture in construction companies, in an effort to reduce the amount of potential construction failures.

Food or culinary is an identity or reflects the culture of a nation. Indonesia is famous for a variety of popular traditional foods for local tourists who are Indonesians and tourists from abroad. The Lebaran ketupat tradition has become an inseparable part of the life of Indonesian society. Although it is not known when the Kupatan tradition became the Eid tradition in Indonesia, it is a tradition that has become a culture from one generation to the next. Both rural and urban communities hold a Kupatan Eid event to mark the end of fasting and entering the next new life. This study aimed to determine the essential ingredients, spices, and processing of Ketupat food to analyze the types of ketupat popular and consumed by the people of Jakarta. This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Descriptive qualitative research describes the philosophy of the ketupat, the history and meaning of the word ketupat and the type of ketupat that is most popular and consumed by the public. This research was conducted in Jakarta because this location is one area with a community that can represent major cities in Indonesia. In qualitative research, data collection is carried out in natural settings (natural conditions in Jakarta), primary data sources, and data collection techniques are mainly participant observation, in-depth interview, documentation and combination/triangulation in the people of Jakarta. Ingredients for making Ketupat: rice, water, salt, pandan leaves and skin or ketupat shells. It turns out that there are many types of ketupat in Indonesia and the most popular types of ketupat that the people of Jakarta consume are ketupat bawang and ketupat pasar because they are easy to make. The portions are suitable as a substitute for rice.

Red rice is known to be rich in antioxidants due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and anthocyanins in the bran layers. Therefore, this study aims to characterise the physicochemical properties of some improved red rice varieties (Aek Sibundong, Inpari 24, Inpara 7, and Inpago 7) and to evaluate the cooking effect (Nagasari, Talam, and Apem cakes processing) on its phenolic content. The varieties were dehulled, with some being partially polished for 0, 30, and 60 secs, respectively. Furthermore, the rice flour was measured for its amylose, protein, fat, ash, water, and total phenolic content (TPC), as well as pasting properties. The results showed that polishing duration reduced the protein, fat, and ash components but increased the amylose content. Also, polishing duration decreased the initial gelatinisation temperature, while the influence on the breakdown and setback viscosities had no obvious patterns. Moreover, the TPC proportionally reduced to the polishing duration. The red rice flour of 30 secs was subsequently used to make Nagasari (boiling & steaming), Talam (steaming), and Apem (baking) cakes. Due to the processing of Nagasaki and Talam cakes, the TPC of 148-211 mg/100g, significantly decreased to approximately one-third, while the preparation of Apem reduced the total phenolic content in Inpago 7, Inpara 7, and Inpari 24, to almost half, except for Aek Sibundong.

The residential environment is expected to be a comfortable and safe place for the family. But often, the condition of the environment is not in line with these expectations, especially from the acoustic environment, which will affect the comfort of the occupants. The increasing comfort in residential will lead to more sustainability of the city. Thus, this paper aims to examine the existing acoustic environment in urban housing by using a soundscape approach. The soundscape is an approach to investigate the human perception of the acoustic environment in context. The research method by using a quantitative method through an online questionnaire to record the human perceptions of the sound environment in several cities in Indonesia. The result of this study is a portrait of the sound environment and the level of comfort in the city. This research can be used as input for urban designers, developers, and policymakers to improve the acoustic environment in residential areas to improve the quality of the acoustic environment.

Indonesian traditional architecture commonly called vernacular architecture has a wide range of local wisdom in responding to the climate. With their philosophy to life in harmony with nature and proficiency, they created building performance and material usage which play as ‘a breathing building’. With supported by green open spaces surrounding the building, it indicates that indoor and outdoor thermal comfort could be achieved throughout the day. However, life has changed followed by changes in the building materials especially in roof covering materials. Although the building form and orientation may have not changed, the indoor and outdoor climate has practically increased, whereby temperature change has also resulted from climate change as global events. To understand its impacts on the material changes, a method applied in this research was to compare the use of artificial/prefab and natural roof covering materials from the existing Indonesian vernacular buildings, and then was analysed into the descriptive analysis based on architectural and green building principles. From this point, it could be highlighted as the contemporary challenges for today and the future. Therefore, a result of this research is to prove that any change, in particular, the use of building materials from natural to artificial materials in the Indonesian vernacular buildings will increase the indoor temperature which finally lead to the user’s discomfort.

Indonesia is an Agricultural Country, has very varied local food potential and also has the potential to be developed further. One of the potentials for local food development in Indonesia is local food flour. In general, noodles are made with wheat flour as raw material, where wheat is a producer of wheat flour. To produce gluten free noodles, can use raw materials from flour that come from local food in Indonesia. The purpose of this study to characterize gluten free flour and noodles from local food ingredients in Indonesia. The research method was carried out in stages such as: processing flour, characterizing local flour, processing gluten free noodles and characterizing gluten free noodle products with local flour raw materials. Based on the research results, the protein and fat content of hanjeli (Coix lacyma-Jobi L.)flour was higher, namely 14.30% and 2.58% compared to other flours. Meanwhile, the highest peak viscosity of the local flour was in the form of cassava (Manihot esculanta)flour at 3063 cP. Based on the characteristics obtained, local flour can be processed into gluten free noodles which can prospectively be further commercialized.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of formic acid and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae on breast meat characteristics of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens. A total of 200 day-old chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups (with five replications each), including T0 (chicks fed control diet), T1 (chicks fed diet supplemented with formic acid at 2g/kg), T2 (diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae at 3g/kg) and T3 (diet supplemented with formic acid at 2g/kg and S. cerevisiae at 3g/kg). At week 9, the chicks were slaughtered and from which the samples of breast meat were collected. Our results showed that total protein was higher (p < 0.05) in breast meat of T3 than that in other groups. The moisture content and water holding capacity were lower (p < 0.05) than that in other groups. The breast meat from T0 showed higher (p < 0.05) L* (lightness) values than other meats. The fat content, pH, a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values of meats were not substantially affected by the treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of a combined mixture of formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was effective in improving the breast meat quality of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens.

This study aims to describe the profile of farmers, and the profit of porang farming. A proportional random sampling was used which involved 30 chip-selling farmers and 70 farmers selling wet tubers during a 3-year growing season in 2016-2019. Data analysis was conducted descriptively in tabular form. The results showed that all farmers were male, with the majority classified into the productive age, and a dominant educational level of elementary school. Furthermore, farming experience was below 13 years, with the Indonesian rosewood as the most widely used stand plant specie. Most farmers utilized less than 1.3 ha of Perhutani’s land. Sixty farmers sold the crops in form of wet tubers, 26 sold in form of chips (dry tubers), 6 sold wet tubers and chips (dry tubers), 4 sold bulbil/frogs and wet tubers, and 4 farmers sold the bulbil/frog and chips (dried tubers). The largest expenditure was the cost of seeds, amounting to 45.67% of the total expenditure, although included in the implicit costs. Therefore, farmers’ profit from porang farming reached 14,649,032 IDR for three years.

Environmental risks in Bank financing activities arguably draw considerable attention in current era, efforts to mitigate these risks are one way for the Bank to achieve sustainable development. Nevertheless, there are no universal consensus of what environmental risks. This paper will summarize and define environmental risk from several previous studies using literature reviews, in order to obtain a comprehensive summary of the definition of environmental risk for bank financing especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study will also describe the mitigation that has been carried out by Banks in Indonesia in dealing with these risks, as well as other efforts that can be taken to better mitigate these risks. The study results found that environmental risk consists of: Transition Risk, Physical Risk, Liability Risk, Legality Risk and Reputation Risk. This study also finds that banks in Indonesia still do not have adequate mitigation against these risks. Transition, legality, and reputation risks can be optimally mitigated by enhancing the Bank’s management capabilities, especially in improving the company’s human resources in environmental protection efforts. Physical and liability risks on the other hand can be further mitigated by increasing the minimum required insurance coverage for the Bank’s debtors including environmental liability insurance and weather insurance.

This paper aims to create a concept for the UI (User Interface) design for the NTWDR (Nusantara Traditional Wastra Digital Repository) with a touch of Indonesian local wisdom focusing on the implementation of Visual Communication Design and the implementation of eight golden rules of UI web-based and mobile applications to the NTWDR (Nusantara Traditional Wastra Digital Repository). The research is essential as kick-off research to the UX (User Experience) research that will be conducted after the UI (User Interface) is done. The research adapted the Design Thinking method of IDEO and Stanford d.School: Empathize, Interpretation, Ideation, Experimentation, and Test. It was designed with a simple sitemap that easy to follow and directly to the core of data. The uses of Nusantara colors and the interweaving of the intangible culture values of each NTW (Nusantara Traditional Wastra) are visual concepts behind each page of the NTWDR UI (Nusantara Traditional Wastra Digital Repository User Interface) design. The Result is the enchanting visual design representing Nusantara’s diversity that attracts to be experienced and surfed.

A dismemberment of various regulations in Indonesia with the issuance of the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations aims to facilitate investment. It is also included in the palm oil plantation sectors that obtain various conveniences hence ease its investment procedure. This article is intended to analyze the various norms that weaken the environmental standards of the palm oil sector post the issuance of the Omnibus Law. The principle of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, which became an international consensus related to the management of sustainable palm oil was used in this study. The findings show that various norms in the Omnibus Law and its derivative regulations are weakening the environmental standards as stated in the principles of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. They are also considered threatening the Indonesian forests which will be converted to oil palm plantations. The increase in land-use conversion will be in line with the increase of carbon emissions, which will accelerate and worsen the climate change effects. Unplanning the sustainability of palm oil plantations indicates a step backward of Indonesian law in managing a sustainable palm oil plantations.

Braga Street is famous for its identity as an exclusive fashion and commercial center. Unfortunately, the region’s popularity faded with the start of the war and Japan’s struggle for power. Thus, their owners abandoned many buildings and no longer functioned, which made the area neglected and not maintained. The city government’s efforts in revitalizing heritage areas in the city have been going on for the past two decades, one of which is the Sarinah shopping center located in the Braga area. The building is now turning into a mixed-use commercial complex with the existence of shopping centers and hotels with a change in function has become a significant effort on revitalizing the Braga area. Sarinah is a humble name with a powerful icon that represents the Indonesian society of the past. This paper aims to review new lifestyle adaptations to the interior design of the revitalization of Gedung Sarinah Braga. It uses a descriptive method of Qualitative methodology by doing the Perceptual Mapping, survey, and document analysis. The result shows that the interior space revitalization does not represent the name of Sarinah.

Earthquakes are events of the movement of the earth due to the sudden release of energy in the earth which is marked by the breaking of the rock layers in the earth’s crust. Indonesia is located in an earthquake-prone area where three tectonic plates meet, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. Realizing the threat of an earthquake that could occur at any time, the Indonesian government took the initiative to take measures to prevent the risk of damage to infrastructure that could occur due to an earthquake. This paper presents an analysis of the earthquake resistance of a lecture building at an educational institution in the city of Yogyakarta with the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of whether construction projects that have been implemented using SNI 1726-2012 are analyzed and compared with the latest standards, namely SNI 1726-2019, whether the building construction still meets earthquake resistance. The results of the comparative analysis of the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method show that the building under study does not meet the strength and resistance to earthquakes based on SNI 1726-2019, so it is necessary to strengthen the structure of the building under study.

The genera Anguilla is economically important to Indonesia and on increasing demand in the global market. Providing nutritional information and consumer acceptance may favour its better application in research and functional food development. Thus, the objectives of this research were to study the proximate nutritional composition, amino acid profile, followed by consumer acceptance of short fin eel. This research used proximate analysis for the determination of nutritional composition, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the amino acids profile, and hedonic analysis using 30 panellists for consumer acceptance. Proximate composition analysis showed that Indonesian shortfin eel contained 58% water, 1.53% ash, 10.15% protein, 8.89% lipid and 21.42% carbohydrate on wet basis. From the amino acids profile analysis, the highest amino acid found in Indonesian shortfin eel was glutamic acid. Acceptance of Indonesian shortfin eel is lower than trout fish. It may be due to the harder texture of the Indonesian shortfin eel fish.

Marine and fisheries resources have trans-boundary nature and have great potential to be affected by global climate change. Tuna is one of the main export commodities from Indonesia. Patterns of fish life can not be separated from the existence of various environmental conditions. Fluctuations in environmental conditions have many influences on the seasonal migration period and the presence of fish in one place. This study aimed to determine the variability in peak season of tuna fishing to regional climate change, El Nino and La Nina, with the aim to optimize the utilization of Skipjack tuna. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to investigate the direct correlation between Skipjack tuna catches during 2015 - 2019 and regional climate changes that occurred in those periods, i.e., El Nino (2015-2019) and La Nina (2015-2019). Sampling and measurement times were performed at the end of the East season, which was from September to December 2019. The results of this study show that regional climate change affected inter-monthly variation of the peak seasons of Skipjack fishing in the fisheries management (FMA) 715 area. During El Nino, FMA 715 was an ideal place for Skipjack tuna fishing. The peak fishing season was in October for the period from September to November. The regional climate change triggered from the Pacific Ocean caused the unsuitable water conditions in the FMA 715 for Skipjack tuna fishing. Variability of climate changes triggered by La Nina in the Pacific Ocean did not provide a favorable environment for fish migration to the FMA 715 waters.

Coke production from lignite was studied as a continuation of research showing the effectiveness of a sequence of hot briquettes and carbonization on preparations high strength coke from Indonesian lignite. The hot briquetting and carbonization cokes from three Indonesian lignites with a deeply pulverized. Ball milling carried out for 10 hours and 20 hours to obtain a small particle size. Raw lignite hot briquettes at mechanical pressure and temperature of 128 MPa and 200 °C, respectively, allowed cokes to be produced with a tensile strength (TS) of 7-11 MPa. Pretreatment, 10 hour and 20 hour ball milling, respectively increasing TS from the resulting coke to 15-23 and 19-36 MPa. Moreover, it is proved in this study that the structure on the coke fracture has a smooth texture and solid with less pore. There is a strong correlation between TS and coke density of individual lignites.

The CYP2E1 gene (Cytochrome P450 2E1) plays an important role in the regulation of skatole and androstenone in liver tissue. The aimed of this study was to investigate of the effect of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms on lamb odor and flavour in Indonesian sheep. A total sample of 100 rams consisting of 20 Javanese fat-tailed (JFT), 20 Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), 20 compass Agrinak sheep (CAS), 20 Barbados cross sheep (BCS), and 20 Garut composite sheep (GCS) aged 10–12 months old were used. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to identify the polymorphism of CYP2E1 genes. The association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour were performed using T-test. The result showed that there were polymorphisms in CYP2E1 gene indicated by three genotypes namely GG (401 bp), GT (138, 263, and 401 bp), and TT (138 and 263 bp). Gene frequency of CYP2E1 (g.50657948 T>G) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The GT genotype was common in the population studied. Association of the CYP2E1 genotypes with lamb odor and flavour revealed a significant association (PG of CYP2E1 gene might be a useful candidate marker for selecting sheep meat with desirable odor and flavour.

Since early 2019, global palm oil price keeps on decreasing. Such condition makes it challenging to apply sustainable agriculture in Indonesia, especially in the palm oil sector. This paper will examine two research questions: first, the comparison between Chapter 12 USBC and Indonesian bankruptcy law, especially in protecting the palm oil farmer. Second, how the Indonesian bankruptcy law ought to preserve the unfortunate palm oil farmers in the future. The research methodology applied in this paper is normative legal research. Chapter 12 USBC has provided sufficient protection for the unfortunate farmer debtors. Indonesian bankruptcy law does not recognize a specific type of debtor, especially farmer debtors. It will be challenging to handle the unfortunate Indonesian palm oil farmer with current bankruptcy law. This research shows that Indonesian bankruptcy law doesn’t provide sufficient protection for the palm oil farmers. It’s recommended that the Indonesian government amends the bankruptcy law. Therefore, the farmers will be able to fulfil their role as one of the actors who apply sustainable agriculture in the palm oil sector.