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This article presents the results of a study of the parameters of acute toxicity and sensitizing properties of a microbiological additive based on probiotic strains L. acidophilus IV138 and B. subtilis GA24 on White Wistar rats and White Giant rabbits. The acute toxicity class of the prototype feed additive was established in accordance with the fundamental document OECD Test № 423 “Acute Oral Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method” (2001). The evaluation of the irritating properties of the microbiological preparation was carried out by the method of skin applications and using the test conjunctival test. The research results showed that the probiotic preparation does not have acute toxicity when administered orally to warm-blooded animals, sensitizing properties in the conjunctival test and skin application. According to the results of experimental studies, the feed additive containing L. acidophilus IV138 and B. subtilis GA24 strains is classified as a low-hazard product.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of probiotic preparations contained Bacillus subtilis 109 CFU / ml, Propionibacterium 107 CFU / ml, Lactobacillus plantarum 107 CFU / ml on the physiological state, reproductive functions and the mortality rate of white rats and their offspring. The results of the analysis of the reproductive toxicity of the suspension of strains of probiotics and producers of prebiotics showed that long-term oral administration of the studied doses did not lead to a decrease in the reproductive function of laboratory animals during the experimental period, corresponded to the norm and did not differ significantly from the indicators of the control group. Based on the results obtained, the investigated form of the probiotic can be classified as a drug of low toxicity for reproductive function and, in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76, referred to the IV hazard class.

The paper presents the results of research on the selection of biological agents with antagonism to microorganisms affecting raw materials of plant origin. The antagonists selected at the first stage showed significant changes in the antagonistic activity of various isolates when the temperature of the medium increased to 450C. There was no decrease in activity in isolate 20, so it is resistant to high temperature. Isolate No.21 had a significant increase in antagonistic activity, it is likely to be more resistant to high temperatures and some biochemical enzymatic processes are stimulated, leading to increased antagonistic properties. And in isolates 9, 16 and 23, on the contrary, it was lowered, possibly due to the fact that the increased temperature causes structural and biochemical changes in the cell of the microorganism. Similarly, isolated isolates No.9, 16, 23, 21, and 15 had high antagonistic activity against micromycetes that contaminate plant-based feed.

Within the framework of this study, the micromycete Fusarium sporotrichioides was isolated from wheat grain, a collection of isolates of endophytic microorganisms with antagonistic activity against this pathogen was formed, and their antagonistic activity was studied. By the mechanism of action, the isolates are classified as strains exhibiting fungistatic antibiotic antagonism, that is, inhibition of fungal growth occurred at a distance under the influence of antibiotic substances produced by the antagonist, with the formation of a “sterile” zone between cultures; and strains with fungistatic alimentary type of antagonism, expressed in stopping the growth of the pathogen upon contact with the antagonist colony. Stepwise screening of microorganisms-antagonists in in vitro and in vivo experiments made it possible to select technological and safe isolates with high antifungal activity and the possibility of using them as biofungicide producers. Three isolates from among the most active aboriginal endophytic microorganisms belonging to the species Bacillus subtilis are promising for introduction into the biocenosis with the aim of long-term regulation of the density of phytopathogenic populations of Fusarium sporotrichioides.

Antagonistic properties and peculiarities of inter-strain interactions of probiotic microorganisms were investigated. The study of the antagonistic activity of probiotic strains was carried out by the methods of perpendicular strokes (or delayed antagonism) and the diffusion method (block modification) in relation to opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. Most probiotic strains had moderate to high antagonistic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. The results obtained allowed us to select the most active strains, namelyL. plantarum AS-41, L. acidophilus A-14, B. subtilis S-2andB. subtilis S-18, which have a high probiotic potential. To assess biocompatibility, the method of co-cultivation of the selected strains on a modified agar MRS medium was used. The strains that showed biocompatibility of the type “mutual neutrality” or “contact progression” were selected to create a consortium of probiotic microorganisms. Further study of the investigated strains of probiotic bacteria opens up the possibilities of their use for the manufacture of a combined preparation for veterinary purposes, for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of farm animals.

We have identified the optimal conditions for the production of chitinolytic enzymes of T.viride in submerged state fermentation. The production of chitinase by a new strain of fungus was carried out on the basal liquid medium, containing (%) colloidal chitin 0.5, NaNO3 0.2, KH2PO4 0.1; MgSO44-7H2O 0.05 and KCl, 0.05. The activity of enzymes of the chitinase complex of the strain was evaluated using the method using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS reagent). A quantitative determination of the activity of chitinases in a producer microorganism was established by their ability to hydrolyze 0.2% colloidal chitin (in phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 5.2), by the content of reducing sugars formed in this process, which were evaluated using a DNS reagent. The results of studies of the influence of various cultivation parameters showed that highest chitinolotic enzymes production by T.viride was obtained at pH 4.0, (301.15-303.15) K and after 144 h growth. The studied soil isolate can be further used in biotechnological research, as well as for biological control of pests and pathogens of agricultural crops.

Due to the annual increase in emissions of animal and poultry waste into the environment, scientists around the world are increasingly interested in improving technologies to accelerate the processing of agricultural waste. In the presented work, 6 microorganisms were selected: Lactobacillus spp., thermophilic bacteria (Bac. subtilis), Clostridium spp., Penicililum spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Micrococcus nishomyaensis) to accelerate the processing of animal waste. The toxicity and toxigenicity of newly isolated strains of microorganisms was assessed. At the same time, it was found that the strains of microorganisms do not have toxicity and toxigenicity.

The share of unconventional oil reserves is high in Russia and Volga-Ural region, including shale oil reservoirs. It contains around 65% of the total volume of hydrocarbon reserves in region, according to various data. Shale hydrocarbons are widely used in Russia. The main part of the Domaniki oil black shale is confined to carbonate-siliceous carbonaceous complexes of the Domanik horizon of the Francian stage of the Upper Devonian system. According to previous studies in the Domanik formation sedimentary complexes of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, two types of rocks are distinguished - the Domanikites themselves and Domanikoids. Domanikites contain from 5 to 20% organic matter. Both types of carbonaceous rocks have a practically similar lithological composition. The difference between them lies in variations in siliceous component content and number of authigenic minerals. If content of very fine-grained silica was determined by primary sedimentation factors, then authigenic minerals are indicators of secondary lithogenesis processes. In this work, an attempt is made to compare organic matter content with dolomite mineralization, which is an active agent in mineral formation.

The article discusses a new methodology for assessing the negative impact of nuclear energy on agricultural land. The necessity of assessing from a financial point of view the negative impact of nuclear energy on agricultural land and the environment is substantiated. Methods are proposed for assessing the financial damage of the negative impact of nuclear energy based on an analysis of the state of the soil and the living world. Examples of calculations of damage in monetary terms for the Russian Federation from the negative impact on the basis of studies of the state of the environment on agricultural land are presented.

The article of the current state of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation is discussed. Particular attention is paid the problems solving of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas. The main reasons that impede the innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas are determined. The proposals to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are presented.

Monitoring the temperature and humidity of the air in the premises of granaries and in containers with grain allows you to create automatic systems to maintain the storage conditions of grain, which is necessary to preserve its grade. This article proposes a system for wireless monitoring of temperature and humidity, reducing the cost of laying and operating cable thermometers in the infrastructure of the storage facilities, monitoring the temperature and humidity of air at different levels of grain mounds, and monitoring the temperature and moisture of the spent drying agent in silage.

The using laser ablation of massive selenium targets, aqueous colloids of selenium nanoparticles were obtained. The resulting nanoparticles are monodisperse in size and mass. The paper presents the optical properties of nanoparticles, morphology and composition. It has been shown that selenium nanoparticles do not significantly affect the development of plants under reference conditions, but effectively level the effects of hyperthermia. The most effective concentration of selenium nanoparticles in the soil is a concentration of 10 μg / kg.