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Rice production community enterprises (RPCEs) have emerged in Thailand as a group initiative supported by the government to help address the challenges of rice farmers in rural areas. However, farmers still faced problems due to a lack of targeted programs and policies to improve the enterprise’s roles in the community. This study investigated farmer-members’ perception of an RPCE’s specific roles. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 201 farmers in Sanam Chai Khet District, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Data were analyzed using the weighted average index (WAI) method to assess the farmers’ perception of the RPCE’s roles. Results reveal that RPCE members have a strong perception of the enterprise’s role in increasing their income. Other roles such as knowledge and skills improvement, supplying inputs at a fair price, increasing social network, product competition with rivals, and provision of credit facilities, were rated as medium, demonstrating the considerable efforts exerted by RPCEs to improving its members. Moreover, a weak rating was given by members for the enterprise’s role as a saving source implying that government should further intensify its support for RPCEs in terms of promoting the saving behavior among members. This study suggests that stronger policy support should be given to upgrade RPCEs based on how members perceived them. This would encourage more member participation and secure more benefits and income for members of the community enterprise.

In the course of the study, it was determined that the chemical composition and nutritional value of the Viburnum vulgaris is explained by a group of substances of different nature. Their qualitative and quantitative component depends, first of all, on the growing region. The national economic value of viburnum is great—from culinary delights to medicines. The article presents the biochemical composition of the leaves of the viburnum of various varieties, which indicates the possibility of using viburnum leaves in the production of food, including a functional orientation.

Tofu is one of the processed soybean foods that are very popular with Indonesian society. Despite the popularity of Tofu, Tofu production in Indonesia is generally small and medium, reaching 500 kg per day, as in the tofu factory in Semanan, West Jakarta. The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impact of tofu production in West Jakarta. The life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to achieve this goal with SimaPro software for impact calculations. This research applies the LCA cradle to gate, which consists of soybean cultivation, transportation, and tofu production processes. The environmental impacts of tofu production analyzed in this study include global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, and eutrophication. The impact analysis showed that the acquisition of soybeans, which consisted of soybean cultivation and transportation, had the most significant environmental impact with a global warming potential value of 0.882 kg CO2 eq out of a total of 0.978 CO2 eq for the whole process.

This study investigated the effect of dietary betaine supplementation and floor space on quail egg production parameters. With six replicates, four hundred fifty-six quails (21-day-old) were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was floor space of 225 cm2 (F1) and 164 cm2 (F2) by allocating 16 and 22 birds per cage (size: 3600 cm2). The second factor was dietary betaine supplementation at 0% (CON) and 0.15% (BET). Egg production was collected in 2 periods (2×28 days) starting from 43 days old. The age of the first production, 10%, 50%, and peak production, was also recorded. There is an interaction between dietary betaine supplementation and floor space on the age of productive parameters, where quails receiving betaine supplementation reached faster 50% production and peak production (p2 can be applied in the tropics provided the quails received dietary betaine supplementation.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using complete feed containing protected soybean groats on fat-tailed lamb carcass production. A total of 9 thin-tailed lambs aged 12 months were divided into 3 groups of ration treatment: the first group only received a 100% complete feed ration (P1), the second group received a 90% complete feed ration, and 10% protected soybean groats (P2), while the third group received 80% complete feed and 20% protected soybean groats (P3). Data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design. Differences between treatments were further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that complete feeds containing protected soybean groats on fat-tailed lamb carcass production had no significant effect on carcass weight, carcass percentage, carcass size, percentage of carcass size, meat weight, meat weight percentage, fleshing index, but had a significant effect on carcass production. We concluded that the use of complete feeds containing protected soybean groats increased carcass production of male fat-tailed lamb.

This study was conducted to compare two molting methods by using aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and diet withdrawal on productivity, eggs quality, and lipid profile of laying hens. A total of 180 Hy-line Brown hens 80 weeks of age were randomly assigned to three replicates of three treatments of 30 hens/treatment from 70–87 weeks of age; hens were exposed to one of the following two molt groups: T1, aluminum sulfate (2.5 g/kg) and T2, feed withdrawal(14 days). Egg production was recorded daily/hen in each cage and weekly for each treatment. Following the forced molting, feed consumption was recorded and calculated weekly. Feed conversion rate as a feed/g egg mass was calculated weekly for each treatment. Haugh unit was determined by [11]. At the end of the experiment blood samples were collected from nine laying hens/treatment from the extrinsic vein using a 5mL sterilized syringe with heparin for biochemical determination parameters. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for ten minutes. Plasma and serum were separated and stored (- 20°C) until the biochemical measurement. Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, ALT, and AST were determined in this study. The data were analyzed using (ANOVA) to analyze the difference between treatments. A significant difference was identified between treatments, by using Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons. The results of this study indicated that hens subject to feed withdrawal treatment showed a significant (p < 0.05) percentage of body weight loss compared to those in the feed with aluminum (2.5g/kg). We did not find significant (p>0.05) differences in hens performance for all treatments in the post molt for 56 days. Our data showed hens had significantly lower (p < 0.05) in hen day egg production when compared with other treatments after molting, also, the egg weight showed no significant differences between treatments. The results showed a significant (p

Quality seeds are one of the important elements in maintaining plant potential. One of the factors that can affect the growth potential and production of corn for each variety or genotype is the storage ages of the seeds. The purpose of this study was to obtain varieties or genotypes of corn that have the ability to grow and produce optimally from seeds that have been stored for one and six months. The research was conducted from August to December 2020 at the Cereal Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The seeds used were Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotype of BC2F1. This study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with a two-factor. The first factor is the type of variety/genotype (V) consisting of Srikandi Putih (V1), Waxy Corn (V2) and Genotype of BC2F1 (V3). The second factor is seed storage ages (U) consisting of: 1 month (U1) and 6 months (U2). From these two factors, 6 treatment combinations were obtained which were repeated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. The data were analyzed with the SAS 9 for windows program. The results showed that the seed storage ages of 1 month could maintain the potential for plant height growth, and the weight of 100 seeds in the Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1. Seed storage ages of 1 and 6 months did not affect the number of leaves and flowering time, but only 1 month of seed storage ages that could maintain the potential for seed production in Variety of Srikandi Putih, Waxy Corn and Genotypes of BC2F1.

Agroforestry system is a mixed plantation between cultivation planting and tree species in a forest land area. Coffee with a shade tree is commonly found out as an agroforestry system in Aceh Tengah highlands. Many farmers choose tree species suit for coffee to support coffee productivity. This research aimed to identify the planting of shade trees and coffee; what kinds of species mainly be grown by farmers. The research found that most farmers prefer to plant Leucaena leucocephala than other species causes the benefit of Leucaena leucocephala species. Coffee farmers should use trees as a protective crop to increase the total coffee production. Use Leucaena leucocephala as a protective tree because Leucaena leucocephala root contains rhizobium, helping coffee production.

Ginger is one of the demanded spices during pandemic covid-19 which the price rose sharply. Besides the spice utility, Peoples believe that ginger can be used for traditional medicine, improving and preventing folk diseases. Central Kalimantan as consumers of ginger, especially red ginger, is affected by this fluctuation price directly which is indicated by soared price of red ginger almost tripled from IDR 20,000 to more than IDR 55,000. Moreover, the ginger supply of the province seems to depend on other surrounding provinces such as South Kalimantan. This paper analyzes the supply chain and its performance of ginger in Central Kalimantan province, including product, information, and financial flows from the farmers to the consumers. It also evaluates the efficiency and performance of ginger supply chain for improving the balancing system in the future. Data were collected from the farmers in the central of ginger area production, middle traders, traders in the central market in Palangkaraya city, and consumers households. The result shows that Central Kalimantan produce ginger in some regencies such as Pulang Pisau, Kapuas, Kota Waringin, Gunung Mas. However, it did not sufficiently meet ginger’s production but still supported by south Kalimantan province and West Kalimantan province. Therefore, this paper can give the information generally for all drivers, and it can drive appropriate policy for the government, especially for the development plan of ginger in Kalimantan.

Demand for corn has been increasing from time to time. However, efforts to increase its production face multidimensional challenges and problems. This study aims to assess sustainability status, analyze leverage and prospective factors, and formulate follow-up strategies for sustainable corn production. Data used primarily were data collected through online focus group discussions and interviews with various related agencies and key informants at provincial and district levels. This study was conducted between May and October 2020 in South Lampung District. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (MICMAC) were used to assess the sustainability status and analyze leverage and prospective factors. Then, the Multicriteria Policy (MULTIPOL) was used to formulate the follow-up strategies. The results show that the corn production in South Lampung District is classified as less sustainable, with a sustainability index of 49.30. The sustainability of corn production is influenced by ten leverage attributes, four of which are prospective factors, namely corn prices at the farmer level, the number of water pumps, the use of natural pesticides and fertilizers, and the number of corn shellers. The strategies for sustainable corn production could be carried out by by applying reference purchase prices effectively, strengthening farmer partnerships with the feed industry, supporting environmentally friendly corn farming, and optimization and effective use of pre-harvest and post-harvest machinery. It is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of various assistance and policies implemented at this time to improve the implementation of programs/policies in the future.

Fertilizer is considered to be one of the important factors in increasing shallot production. However, this must be followed by proper fertilization management to meet the nutrient requirements of the plant. This research was conducted with the aim of dertermining the correct dosage of NPK 16:16:16 based on ammonium nitrate in shallot plants. The assessment was carried out in October-December 2018. The research was carried out at one of the centers of shallot development, specificallly in Batu Rampung Hamlet, Tanete Village, Angeraja Sub-District, Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. A randomized block design (RBD) was used in this research, accompanied by three replications and eight treatments: P1 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 450 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P2 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 400 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P3 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 350 kg/ha + Urea 150 kg/ha + ZA 300 kg/ha; P4 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 900 kg/ha; P5 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 800 kg/ha; P6 = NPK Nitrate 16-16-16 700 kg/ha; P7 = Urea 200 kg/ha + ZA 400 kg/ha + KCL 100 kg/ha; P8 = NPK Phonska 645 kg/ha + Urea 645 kg/ha + SP36 645 kg/ha. The results showed that NPK Nitrate Fertilization 16:16:16 at a dose of 700- 900 kg/ha indicated a fairly high growth and production (14.5-16.3 t/ha). The results obtained were not significantly different from the high-dose fertilization used by farmers (17.2 t/ha), and higher than the single dose based on the recommendation (12.8 t/ha).

Increasing food production can be done through increasing productivity and increasing business scale, both of them need an additional cost. Meanwhile, capital for small-scale farmers is relatively limited, so financial support is needed. At present, the Government financing support in the form of loans program is the People’s Business Credit (KUR). The objective of the study is to analyze the role of KUR in beef cattle business and the effect on increasing livestock production. The research was conducted in 2020 in Central Lampung District with a survey method of 60 farmer respondents. The study revealed that at the national level, the participation rate of beef cattle farmers in the use of KUR was only 2.71%, and in Lampung Province, it reached 7.72%. Beef cattle farmers in the study locations used KUR funds for on-farm farming. Most of the farmers (84.4%) used the funds to purchase brood stock. The KUR program has an impact on increasing the productivity of cattle for fattening 0.2 kg live weight/head/day, increasing the scale of cattle breeding, and fattening two cows and eight cows respectively per farmer. The impact of KUR on enhancing production due to increased productivity and business scale is significantly determined by the level of farmer participation in the use of KUR. It is needed to increase farmer participation in the use of KUR and the use of KUR funds to adopt recommended technology. So that, KUR has impact on increasing livestock production.

Extension activities cannot be separated from the participation of farmers as objects. The success of the extension can be seen from the extent to which farmers apply what they get to the farm they manage and the extent to which the production results obtained from their farming. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between farmer participation in extension activities and maize production levels in South Sulawesi. This research was conducted in South Sulawesi Province, Jeneponto Regency and Gowa Regency. The data collected is primary data obtained from 40 corn farmers taken from 2 farmer groups. The data used are respondent characteristics, technology characteristics, farmer participation variables. Data analysis using descriptive analysis and Chi Square data analysis using SPSS program. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 58.1 percent of farmer characteristics had an effect on the level of corn production and there was a significant relationship between farmer participation in extension and corn production.

Due to the constantly growing demand for flour confectionery and culinary products, it became necessary to develop specialized requirements for the quality of wheat flour as a raw material. To date, there are no such requirements in our country, and for the production of these products, bakery flour obtained according to the traditional wheat grind scheme was used, the quality of which had to be leveled depending on the range of confectionery products. One way to solve this problem is to differentiate the properties of wheat flour according to its intended purpose and their rationing. The purpose of the study is to develop quality requirements for Russian wheat flour for the production of wafer sheets according to objectively and reliably determined indicators of the dough rheological properties using an alveograph device to create, in the future, a system for classifying wheat flour by its intended purpose. Flour quality assessment was carried out using domestic devices and laboratory equipment (MOK system, Falling-number value, etc.); the dough rheological properties were evaluated by an alveograph device (company Chopin, France), wafer sheets were baked and evaluated using methods previously developed by the authors. The analysis of the interdependence of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed ones, was conducted to identify indicators that differentiate the quality of wheat flour by its intended purpose, i.e. by finished products. For this, methods of mathematical statistics were applied.

Livestock constitute an essential and important part of the agricultural sector, and sheep are the mainstay in livestock, as their products come to the fore; Being an essential source of daily food; And because they also have a high nutritional value compared to plant products, and sheep are characterized by being highly efficient in food conversion, as it was mainly relied on the data obtained from the questionnaire form, where a random sample was taken of 20 sheep breeders whose sheep number exceeds 500 head of sheep. The results of this study showed that the transfers of traded inputs (J) with a negative sign, amounting to about (-9008) thousand dinars, which indicate that the social prices of traded inputs (F) are greater than private prices (B), which means that there is real support for the inputs. Stores within the applicable policy. The transfers of local resources (K) came with a negative sign and a value of (18249-) thousand dinars, which indicates the existence of support for local resources because their value at social prices is higher than their value at private prices, meaning that the protection is negative for the local product, while between the nominal protection coefficient for traded inputs which appeared With a positive value less than the correct one, its value amounted to (0.88), which indicates that the prices of traded inputs are lower than the prices of their international counterparts, and this confirms the existence of real support provided for these inputs by the state, and the cost factor of the local resource (comparative advantage factor) also appeared. With a positive sign, its value amounted to (0.24), which means that the Iraqi product has a comparative advantage and efficiency for its local production of sheep, while between the effective protection factor, which came with a positive value, its value was (0.30), which is less than one. This means that local producers receive their returns in the event that there are The price intervention policy is less than returns in the absence of it, and it showed that it is less than the right one, that is, the commodity system loses its profits in favor of other sectors.

Based on the modern method of agro-energetic evaluation of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments on improving the composition of grass herbage with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of ryegrass pasture and Festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: creeping clover and meadow clover were carried out. The total anthropogenic expenses were determined as well as the recoupment of their exchange energy by 3-4 and even 10 times in the produced forage. The role of natural factors in the structure of the received exchange energy was determined. This serves as a theoretical basis for the economic efficiency of indicators of cultivated pastures created by resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the longterm use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the receipt of biological nitrogen on legume-grass stands, which replaces the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N126-131 per year (average for 7 years) on dry grasslands of the Nonchernozem zone.

To maximize profits, entrepreneurs need to continually expand their product mix. Bakery products require constant updating. In our study, in the production of wheat bread, we used cedar flour as a food additive. The purpose of the study is to improve the production of bakery products, which consists in the addition of cedar flour. The study was carried out at Volgograd State Agrarian University. Wheat bread was backed by straight dough method. After that, studies were carried out on the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of the bakery product. A tasting assessment was also carried out. In terms of organoleptic characteristics, wheat bread with cedar flour had an indistinct shape, with uniform porosity, without voids and traces of impurity, in taste and smell it corresponded to this product, with a slight smell of walnut, color from light yellow to dark brown, and in the places of the cut and the sides are lighter. By all indicators, wheat bread with cedar flour met the requirements of GOST 31805-2018. The profitability of the product has been calculated. The production of wheat bread with cedar flour is 8% higher than the production of wheat bread. The production of bakery products with the addition of cedar flour is an important reserve for using the production potential of the bakery industry at the present stage of its development.

For the first time in the zone of chestnut soils, complex scientific studies of resource-saving methods for increasing the productivity of vegetable crops in an acutely arid climate by regulating physiological and biological processes during drip irrigation were conducted and a system for applying these methods was developed. Research in the experiment was carried out according to generally accepted methods. As research has shown, irrigation and the use of mineral fertilizers and a growth regulator to a certain extent affected the content of dry matter, vitamin C and raw fiber in the fruits of sweet pepper and other indicators. The maximum amount of dry matter was observed on the variant N300P180K165 + Rastvorin + Energy-M on the Pompeo F1 hybrid – 7.98 and 8.06%, respectively, according to irrigation modes. Indicators such as vitamin C, fiber and sugar content in fruits increased with the improvement of the nutritional and water regimes of sweet pepper growth. As the result of the variety study of vegetable crops of domestic and foreign selection, the best was the Pompeo F1 sweet pepper hybrid, which surpasses the standard variety of the Podarok of Moldova by 30.10 t/ha, on average for irrigation modes.

The analysis of the content of pigments in the stems of clonal apple rootstocks bred by Michurinsky State Agrarian University showed a high content of anthocyanins (more than 200 mg/100 g for rootstock 54-118). When determining the qualitative composition, it was revealed that anthocyanins in the stems of the rootstocks are represented by three groups, while there are differences in the shape of the rootstocks. As a source of pigment production, it is necessary to select rootstocks with a high endogenous synthesis of anthocyanins (i.e. red-leaved forms 54-118, 57-491, 98-7-77, etc.), during the cultivation of which, in addition to the main product—detachable rooted cuttings-one can additionally receive from 3 to 10 kg of anthocyanin dyes from 1 hectare of mother plant.

This study shows a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the production of briquettes from wood residues of Pinus spp. in an indigenous community in Mexico. The analysis was carried out considering one Mega Joule (1MJ) of heat as a functional unit, including mainly environmental sustainability indicators, through the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and generating environmental impact scenarios for the functional unit by: a) comparing the carbon footprint using solar drying and firewood drying in the production of briquettes and (b) comparing the carbon footprint of the heat obtained by the briquettes from both previous systems with heat obtained from liquefied petroleum gas (LP gas) and firewood. The results show that solar-dried briquettes have the lowest carbon footprint, and more than 80% of the emissions are biogenic, making it an excellent choice as a clean and renewable energy source. In addition, the methane emissions from LP gas is much higher than emissions from briquettes, but the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions are lower. This methodology applied to the production process will help decision-making in the creation of a micro-enterprise for the generation of solid biofuels in rural communities in Mexico.

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production at the University of Tikrit, Faculty of Agriculture, and the aim of this study was to know the effect of using rice bran at a rate of (0, 15, 20%) with and without adding a mixture of enzymes containing amylase, protease and cellulose by 0.5 g/kg in turkey rations for a period of 10 weeks, 120 unsexed Bronze turkeys were used. The birds were distributed into six treatments, each treatment included four replicates (cage) five birds. The results showed a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05). For the second treatment (0 % rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) in live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, while it was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) superior to the sixth treatment (20% rice bran + 0.5 g/kg mixture of enzymes) In feed consumption compared to the third treatment, and there were no deaths in any of the study treatments throughout the experiment period.

Fruits and vegetables are the most popular raw ingredients that act as a source of dietary fiber and other biologically active substances that benefit the human body. The vast majority of nutrients enter the human body with food, so the daily ration of an average person should include those useful products that can provide the body with the necessary amount of biologically active substances. Vegetable-based raw materials containing vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fibers used in the production of food products are considered a source of functional properties. A priority area of product technologies is the search for technological methods for the production of functional food products with a given biological value (high BAS and antioxidant content). The paper presents recipes and innovative technology for the production of functional syrups based on Viburnum fruits, as well as the evaluation of consumer characteristics, nutritional value and functional orientation of the corresponding products.

Food security is one of the keys to success in overcoming problems arising impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Attention to the paddy production in West Java is imperative. This paper aimed to discuss the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the competitiveness of rice production in West Java by using two indicators of Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), namely Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRC). The data used is from the National Panel of Farmers (PATANAS) survey data for wetland rice agro-ecosystem in West Java, with 144 households of rice farmer respondents. The results show that the COVID-19 outbreak harms the competitiveness of rice production, and it takes three years for recovery to be a competitive advantage and more than five years for comparative advantage. At the private and social prices of GKP at the farm level equal to the GPP 2020, rice production in West Java will lose its competitive advantage starting in 2022, while the comparative advantage of rice production in West Java continues to decline until 2024. This study has three policy implications: the first eliminating disruption of the distributions of agricultural inputs and outputs. The second is striving to increase the use of machinery and equipment to secure the risk of yield loss during cultivation, harvest time, and post-harvest handling at the farm level. The third is selecting the farmers who have high capability in competitive and comparative advantages as a model for fostering competitiveness improvement for farmers with lower abilities.

The complex conditions of the modern period of agricultural production development determine the need to develop new elements of technologies adapted to modern conditions of land use. The article presents the results of studies of the growth regulator effect on obtaining high-quality tomato products. It is proved that the organosilicon preparation Energy-M stimulated the growth and development of plants, increased the productivity of tomatoes in the acutely arid conditions of the Lower Volga region. The object of the study was the tomato variety Hercules. The highest yield of tomatoes with the formation of a large number of large fruits with good taste indicators was obtained on the variety Hercules on the variant with pre-sowing seed treatment, as well as non-root treatment of plants in the initial growth period and in the budding-flowering phase. The use of the Energy-M growth regulator on tomato culture is an effective measure. It is recommended that producers of high-quality vegetable products widely use this drug against the background of sufficient mineral nutrition by soaking the seeds before sowing and processing the plant throughout the growing season.

This study aimed to predict the egg production of quails receiving methionine supplementation. Two hundred and four quails were divided into two treatment diets, and six replicates with 17 quails each. The treatment diets were control (P0) and 0.12% methionine supplementation (P1). Egg production data were collected for eleven weeks, and a T-test was performed. Next, the data was plotted to get the actual egg production curve. We used a logistic regression model to predict the egg production pattern and calculated the model’s fitness with the coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that methionine supplementation increased egg production by 9.43% (p

Timber harvesting in natural production forests in Indonesia is still carried out to his day in the form of a bussines license for the utilization of timber forest products-natural forests (IUPHHK-HA). IUPHHK-HA holders have not fully implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). Forest harvesting activities consisting of felling, skidding, bucking, loading, unloading, and transportation of logs are aimed at without significantly disturbing log production and its environment. The purpose of this review is to provide information on RIL in Indonesia. The collection of data was done by using a desk study. Data on productivity, efficiency, costs, damage to the residual stands, and the impact of RIL on emissions were collected. Several research results showed that: (1) logging productivities generally decreased when compared to Conventional Logging (CL), (2) logging efficiency generally increased when compared to CL, (3) logging costs generally increased in the short term, (4) residual stand damages generally reduced when compared to CL, and (5) RIL has potential to reduce emissions compared to CL. It is necessary to do the following: harvest planning such as mapping and distribution of trees, skid trail alignment, design of landings; harvest preparation such as the opening of skid trails, opening of landing places; harvesting such as determining felling direction, felling, skidding, and closure of harvesting such as closure of skid trails and landings.

To support the growth and development of corn in Southeast Sulawesi, information of farmer response and financial feasibility of corn seed production in South East Sulawesi are needed. The paper aims to determine farmers’ response and financial feasibility of corn seed production in Southeast Sulawesi, The results of this study are expected to be input for local governments in developing community-based seed breeders and can be useful for corn seedling businesses. The study was conducted in marc 2017 in Pangan Jaya Village, Lainea District, Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study was carried out by involving 20 farmers, 10 people for the production of corn seed production technology and 10 non-cooperator farmers who carried out according to the patterns and habits of farmers (feed corn production).. The data collected consists of (1) corn seed production data based on the results of corn seed reall production (2) farmer and non-breeder farm input data, consisting of expenditures for the purchase of production facilities and labor costs. The results of research were (1) Farmers’ response obtained, 83% of farmers gave a good perception of the breeding business of corn seeds. it means that corn breeding business is very likely to be cultivated and developed further. (2) Corn seed production business in Southeast Sulawesi is financially profitable and feasible to be developed with a B/C value of 2.15 and MBCR 4.4. These results indicate that the corn seed production business has good development prospects In order to support the continuous supply and fulfill of the need for quality corn seeds in Southeast Sulawesi, it is necessary to develop breeding of corn seeds, especially in areas of corn development centers. Market support is very much needed for the marketing of seed production. Market certainty will provide opportunities for the growth of new breeders, and will ensure the sustainability of corn seed breeding business at the farm level.

The study was conducted in one of the research farms belong to Department of Animal Production/Faculty of Agriculture at Tikrit University for the period from 11/9/2020 to 16/10/2020 to determine the appropriate diets from energy and protein and impact on the production performance of the developing quail bird. Two Hundred – Forty eight quail chicks with age of 7-35 days. The birds were divided into two treatments, each treatment contained four replicates with 31 birds per replicate. The first treatment was fed on a diet containing 20% protein, energy ( 2800 Kcal/kg). the second treatment was fed on a diet containing 22% protein, energy ( 2900 Kcal/kg).The results showed no significant differences in body weight during first, second and fifth weeks, while there were significant differences during the third and fourth weeks while the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment in this descripton. And the presence of significant differences during the period 2 to 3 sevenths in the rate of weight gain and the absence of significant differences during the remaining periods and there are no significant differences between the treatments in the rate of consumption of feed during the second and third week and the presence of significant differences during the fourth week where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment and the absence of significant differences during the fifth week and the total period there are no significant differences between the treatments in feed conversion efficiency during the first week and the presence of significant differences during the second week where they recorded an increase as comparison with The first treatment is on the second treatment. There were significant differences between the treatments during the third week, where the second treatment recorded an increase as comparison with the first treatment. There are no significant differences between treatments during the fifth week and total conversion efficiency.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biodiversity of morphological and biochemical traits that are important for the breeding process. We used 14 varieties of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) tested at the biological station of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University in the Tambov Region. The data on the decorative qualities of flowers are presented. The presence of various colors of the corolla, simple and semi-double flowers are shown. The analysis of the ranges of variability of such traits as the length and weight of fruits, the content of dry matter, sugars, titratable acids, ascorbic acid and catechins was carried out. The conclusion is made about the presence of biodiversity in the Chaenomeles gene pool, which makes it possible to continue the selection of universal varieties used for decorative purposes and as a high-vitamin fruit crop.

Betaine is a methyl group donor and organic osmolyte, optimizing quail’s performance, particularly in a tropical environment. This study determined the fitness of the logistic model to predict the quail egg production with dietary betaine supplementation. Two hundred and four quails were divided into two dietary treatments, and six replicates with 17 quails each. The treatment diets were control (CTR) and 0.12% betaine supplementation (BET). Egg production data were collected for eleven weeks, and a T-test was performed. Next, the data is plotted to get the actual egg production curve. The fit of the logistic model is calculated according to the coefficient of determination (R2). Quail that received betaine supplementation produced more eggs than control (P2 (0.88; CTR and 0.87; BET). Thus, the logistic model accurately predicted quails egg production reared in a tropical environment with betaine supplementation.

Sufficient water availability during the vegetative, reproductive, and early ripening phases of the rice plants is essential. Information on drought, such as Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) predictions in this period, became very crucial and had an important role in maintaining rice production stability. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of CDD Multi-Model Ensemble prediction, which is applied to South Sulawesi rice production centers. CDD observation was calculated using high resolution gridded precipitation blending data, obtained from BMKG precipitation network stations and the daily-improved Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) version 2.0. The North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) monthly precipitation hindcast data during 1982 – 2010 periods from each nine individual global climate models were used to develop seasonal CDD predictions. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Standard Verification for Long Range Forecast (SVS-LRF) method applied to describe this CDD prediction performance on four different seasons. Investigation of model performance during strong El Niño event in 1997 also conducted in order to get general skill overview regarding extreme climate event. Best performance of CDD prediction generally occurred during JJA and DJF period. MME CDD prediction shows better performance compared to individual model performance for almost all season. Spatial coherence between prediction and observation over rice production centers during 1997 El Niño confirms the skill of CDD predictions. The application of this prediction on agricultural sector will be very useful in order to support rice production sustainability and food security. Further analysis result can be found on full paper.

The cycle of citric acid production with the formation of gypsum-containing waste was considered and options for processing and utilization of citrogypsum were proposed. The methods obtained include: the use of citrogypsum in the production of building materials, the extraction of rare earth metals, as well as the creation of a high-quality organic-mineral fertilizer, during the creation of which it is possible to reduce the negative effect not only from the accumulation of citrogypsum, but also from manure stored in the filtration fields. In the future, the resulting fertilizer can be used for reclamation of technologically disturbed territories.

The paper presents data on the effect of additional top dressing of potato plants with CO2 at a concentration of 2500 ppm cultivated in aeroponic plants. It was found that the increased concentration of CO2 provides better development of plant shoots (128.6%) and the root system (120.1%) relative to the control: a larger yield (123.7%) with a larger fraction of minicubes is formed, and the number of plants capable of producing 1100-1600 g of minicubes during the cultivation period increases. Additional feeding of CO2 at a concentration of 2500 ppm leads to an increase in the mass of plants, which occurs not due to increased hydration of tissues, but due to the accumulation of dry substances.

Lonicera edulis L. occupies a special place among sparsely distributed garden crops in the middle horticulture zone of Russia. The main advantages of the culture are its long maturation period, long fruiting period, high plasticity, value of the biochemical composition of berries. The paper presents experimental data on the biochemical composition of honeysuckle berries of the new generation introduced under the conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. Varieties with high levels of soluble dry substances, sugars, ascorbic acid, flavonols are noted. Prospects of obtaining functional food products using fresh honeysuckle fruits are considered. “Honeysuckle” fruit drink and low-calorie jams with high antioxidant activity are obtained.

Soybean production in Indonesia shows a downward trend over time, causing an increase in dependence on imports because the demand for soybeans is much greater. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase production by increasing productivity by using new soybean varieties, which are still very limited in distribution. This paper aims to identify the distribution of new soybean varieties, analyze the problems and factors affecting the distribution of new soybean varieties, and formulate strategies to increase the distribution of new soybean varieties. The study was conducted in the West Java and Central Java Provinces. The analysis method used in the study was qualitative descriptive. The analysis results show that in 2015-2019, soybean production in Indonesia, including in West Java and Central Java, shows a downward trend. Of the total distribution area of soybean varieties, the dominant varieties cultivated are Anjasmoro (61.48%), Wilis (10.66%), Grobogan (9.81%), Argomulyo (6.65%), and Baluran (4.01%). Meanwhile, the distribution of new soybean varieties is still very low, including Dena 1 variety (4.01%) and other new soybean varieties with a distribution area of less than 0.1% of the total distribution area. To increase the distribution of new soybean varieties, one of them can be done by developing seed breeders at the farmer level. Thus, the availability of the seeds of new soybean varieties can increase and farmers will find it easier to obtain these seeds.

Sorghum has broad adaptability, drought tolerance, high production, has strong and deep roots so that it can grow back after being harvested (ratoon) which can reduce production costs, with ratoon sorghum cultivation it can increase production and income. This study aims to determine the benefits of sorghum farming with ratoon cultivation which can increase farmers’ production and income. Research was conducted in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi,March- September 2018. Research consisted of eight sorghum lines andNumbu variety, using Randomize Block Design of three replications. Spacing 75 cm x 20 cm 1 plant/hole. The main fertilizing plants were 300 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 + 100 kg KClha−1, and ratoon plants were 150 kg urea + 50 kg SP36 + 50 kg KClha−1. Results showed that average yield of main crop was 5.92-6.57 tha−1, and ratoon 4.85-5.83 tha−1. Revenue obtainedmain cropRp. 11,840,000-13,140,000 andratoonRp. 9,706,000-11,660,000ha−1. Benefit of sorghum farming using ratoon system is Rp. 4,843,000-5,950,000ha−1, and Rp.6,729,000-Rp. 8,572,000ha−1 forratoon system. with two harvests, farming benefits range from Rp. 11.5 million-14.5 millionha−1. This is supported by efficient use of sorghum ratoon farming to produce 1 kg of sorghum seeds at a cost of only Rp. 530-615 or more cost efficient up to 49.47% of main crop. Thus, sorghum farming with ratoon cultivation is very helpful for farmers because there is additional production and income so that it is feasible to develop.

A farmercorporation-based seed production system is needed to bring seeds closer to farmers. Its developmen requires support from several institutions related to the policy of providing seeds for farmers. This study aims to determine the role of the institution in the farmer-based hybrid maize production system. Five institutions evaluated for their role, namely Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) as a source of seeds and technology, Assessment for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) as aassistence for application technology in the field, Agricultural Service Office as a policymaker in available seed for farmer, Seed Certification and Inspection Center (SSO) as the supervisor of seed quality, and the grower local as an absorber of the results by farmer groups. The role of the institution is observed through: socialization activity, field observations, and discussions. The results showed that all institutions have gave various supports. ICERI has provided seeds in a timelymanner, the right quality and the right quantity, and also conducts regular training and monitoring to provide instructions for implementing good technology application to farmers and by farmers it is considered very good. AIAT provides field assistance for the application of production technology, but the activities are considered by farmers to be inadequate, the staff of Agriculture Service continue to motivate farmers and farmers are deemed adequate. SCIC as a seed supervisor continues to assist farmers in the field, in addition to monitoring irregularities, it also continues to provide guidance to farmers in accordance withthe standar operational procedure of hybrid maize seeds and is considered very good by farmers. Then the seed producers who absorb the results of the farmers have carried out excellent guidance such as placing quality control personnel in the field to control implementation, absorbing farmers’ products at an agreed price, building a processing unit in the site area, and by the farmers it is considered very good. With adequate support from related institutions, farmers continue to be motivated to produce hybrid maize seeds, which were originally only 100 ha in Minahasa district, then expanded to surrounding districts, sothat the area production increase from 253,4 ha in 2019 to 480 ha in 2020.

Ensuring the health of the population is a task of the national importance. One of the most significant factors that determine a person’s health and performance is nutrition. In a highly competitive environment, manufacturers face one of the main tasks - the creation of new competitive products with high-quality indicators and preventive properties. Improving the quality of baked goods is one of the problems of bakery production. The article deals with the theoretical possibility and practical feasibility of using spelt flour in the production of baked goods with improved consumer benefits. Spelt flour is a valuable raw material for the production of bakery and flour confectionery products of increased nutritional and biological value. The use of whole grain spelt flour in the recipe of wheat bread allows creating products for dietary and curative and preventive purposes. In the course of the work, experimental baking of wheat bread with different dosages of wheat and spelt flour was carried out. Samples of wheat bread with a different combination of spelt and wheat flour of the highest grade in the ratios of 5:95; 10:90; 15:85% were studied. The research was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Raw Materials and Public Catering, Volgograd State Agrarian University. The results of the influence of spelt flour application on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters of wheat bread are presented. As a result of the conducted research, the possibility of producing wheat bread using spelt flour was established, and the optimal dosage of spelt and wheat flour which allows one to obtain bread with high organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters was identified.

The study of the environmental impact of agricultural products has significantly grown in recent years, as consumers now demand more information about the product’s footprint in the environment. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of the life cycle phases of tsipouro production, which is one of the traditional products of Greece produced mainly from viticulture. The environmental analysis was performed through the study of eutrophication, global warming, photochemical oxidation and acidification, using the life cycle assessment methodology. The system was studied through fifteen subsystems and a 250 ml bottle of tsipouro, which was the basis of the calculations, was defined as a functional unit. From the results it appears that the process of tsipouro production is the subsystem with the highest energy consumption and the grape cultivation the one with the highest water consumption. In environmental impact the subsystem with the highest contribution is the cultivation of grapes. Also the subsystems production/transportation and use of fertilizers, bottle production/transportation and the process of tsipouro production have a significant contribution. In addition, some literature-based solutions are suggested. Some of the solutions are the use of clearer energy sources, the use of biodiesel and alternative cultivation methods without synthetic fertilizers. The results of this research can be used by tsipouro or similar industries to minimize the environmental impact and focus on the phases that are most involved in it.

Cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants significantly contribute to affordable healthcare and livelihood security. This study aims to investigate the economic analysis of Syrian oregano (Origanum syriacum) production with total area of 1000 m2, depending on some standard economic indicators. The results showed that the annual net profit constitutes 56% of the total annual revenues. Furthermore, the net present value after six years was a positive value, and the index of profitability was 2.71, which confirms the economic viability of this project. The internal rate of return (IRR) reached 90.67%, which is a good number compared to the bank interest rate. Although this project does not occupy large areas, (a small possession 500-2000 m2 is sufficient for its establishment), but it is able to achieve guaranteed profits within a short period. Therefore, Thyme cultivation should be expanded by providing small farmers the necessary technical support and drawing their attention to economic efficiency of such project.

The research is targeted to identify the motivation of farming, the history of occupation, and the effects on the farmers’ livelihood employing an ex-ante approach that provides potential clues about tenurial factors. Data are collected through interviews and focus group discussions with 34 farmers and 10 key persons and analyzed descriptively. The research revealed that the farmers’ residential status are mostly migrant from Lombok Regency. They have been farming for 22 years since Perhutani Company recruited laborers for reforestation program. Economic pressure is presumably being the most reason for farmers to migrate to and cultivate the state forest areas. The changes authority of forest from Perhutani to forestry service, change the policy of forest management too, and unsettle the farmers. This anxiety can be decreased by increasing the sources of farmers’ income through training such as how to produce beverage juice from cashew fruit flesh and raising honey bees. In this regard, cooperation between industrial ministry, trade ministry, local government, and farmer groups is required, particularly for forest product marketing assistance. Additionally, a forest conservation agent is urgent to regenerate from the local farmers.

The study is aimed at assessing the suitability of plum varieties cultivated in Tambov region for the production of dried fruits (prunes). Large-fruited (average weight of more than 31 g) varieties were identified. Renklod by Kharitonovoy, Etude, Vengerka by Kursakov and Nochka are characterized by intense violet and dark purple integumentary colors. A combination of high skin strength, pulp hardness and good stone separation was found in Renklod by Kharitonov, Renklod Tambov, Etude, Vengerka by Kursakov and 23-135 Elite. A high accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, a low content of organic acids, as well as a high sugar-acid index were found in Renklod by Kharitonov, Renklod Tambov and Elite 23-135. Prunes produced from Renklod by Kharitonov, Renklod Tambov and 23-135 Elite were characterized by high commercial and consumer qualities, which makes it possible to recommend these varieties for the production of dried fruits.

lactobacilli, Bacillus subtills, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were applied to produce fermented feeds (FF), The FF was pelleted to investigated for its influences in production performance for laying hens, the (FF) was ferment with 10 g/kg feed of the probiotic with a wetting ratio of half a liter/kg of feed for 48 hours where it was used at rates 0, 25%, 50 %, 75%, and 100% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 respectively, and the duration of the study lasted for seven periods, each period was two weeks, as for the following study results: Significant superiority (P

The research aimed to determine the impact of some agricultural economic variables on agricultural domestic products. This relationship was estimated between agricultural loans and agricultural investment and the rate of agricultural capital accumulation as independent variables, and agricultural GDP as a dependent variable during the period 2008 - 2019 with quarterly data, so that the number of surveyed observations became 48 observations and using the legal canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), the results showed that there is a positive and very high impact for each of the variables of agricultural loans and capital accumulation while the agricultural investment variable was not significant despite its positive sign. The research recommended that agricultural lending should in-kind take the largest share of the loan while being the dominant one and that has tightened control over the destination of the agricultural loan and the guarantees of its repayment on time.

On the basis of a modern method of agro-energy assessment of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of the high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments were carried out to improve the composition of cereal grasses with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of perennial ryegrass and festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: white clover and red clover. The total anthropogenic costs have been determined, the return on their exchange energy in the produced feed was 3-4 times and even 10 times, the role of natural factors in the structure of the obtained exchange energy was established. This serves as a theoretical basis for the indicators of the economic efficiency of cultivated pastures created using resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the long-term use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the supply of biological nitrogen on legume and cereal grasses, replacing the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N126-131 per year (on average for 7 years) on dry meadows of the Non-Chernozem zone.

Certification and pledge have long been the primary mechanisms to safeguard unsustainable forest exploitations and maintain the social welfare of forest communities by providing better access to the market. However, commodity-based certification and pledges have been criticised for their limited success in safeguarding the social welfare of the forest community. A newly developed certification scheme, the jurisdictional certification approach, offers an alternative to sustainable resources use. It promises a more comprehensive alternative for all stakeholders operating in a given jurisdiction and a more substantial government role. The literature review indicates that although Indonesia’s jurisdictional approach pilot project shows promising results in overcoming traditional certifications’ drawbacks, the actors’ acceptance within commodity chains is limited. The adoption requires intensive collaboration among government, private sectors and civil society. The government is expected to streamline the regulatory process within the jurisdiction, while the private sectors and civil society provide material and human resource supports. This process is reliant upon effective communication among the private sector and the different levels of government.

Protein is the main source of nutrition in fish feed. It is necessary to use bacterial single-cell protein (SCPs) as a substitute for conventional protein. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tofu liquid waste as a growth medium for biomass production of Bacillus cereus as an SCPs. The isolates used were B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium (combination of 5 isolates of B. cereus with different strains). The method used was experimental where isolates were cultured in a medium containing tofu liquid waste with different concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%) enriched with 10% skim milk. Furthermore, the analysis of an effective growth medium was carried out by three methods, namely total plate count, optical density, and cell-dry weight. Cell biomass measurements were carried out for 24 hours with an observation time of every 6 hours. The results showed the best growth medium used in the culture of B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium was tofu liquid waste at a concentration of 12% enriched with 10% skim milk. In conclusion, the cell mass of B. cereus SN7 and B. cereus consortium significantly increased at 6 to 12 hours.

The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of introducing different pasture legumes on the growth profile and forage production of the selected native pasture grass species at different stages of growth. In a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications, the mixture of Sorghum plumosum (SP) and Bothriochloa pertusa (BP) was introduced respectively with one of the forage legumes ie. Alysicarpus vaginalis (AV), Pueraria phasoloides (PP), Desmodium incanum (DI), and Clitoria ternatea (CT). Growth profile and forage production were measured at 40, 60, and 80 days after planting. Results showed that CT and PP significantly improved the growth and DM production of SP and suppressed (PBP during the early vegetative stage but did not during the late vegetative stage. Introduction of legumes reduced (PSP and the total forage production but improved (PB. pertusa as well as a leaf:stem ratio of both types of grass at the generative stage. PP had the highest (PP. phasoloides provide the highest foliage during the vegetative stage and A. vaginalis and D. incanum during the generative stage.

The most important factor determining human health is nutrition. Functional products containing many valuable ingredients contribute to the strengthening and maintenance of human health. In this regard, over the years, the development of technology for the production of such products does not lose its relevance. The authors selected the composition and ratio of probiotic microflora in the composition of a complex starter culture for the production of a functional fermented milk product. Two variants of complex starter culture were selected containing Streptococcus salivaris subsp. thermophilus, Bifidobacterium subsp. lactis (BB-12) and Lactobacterium casei subsp. casei in a ratio of 4: 1: 1 and Streptococcus salivaris subsp. thermophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in a 4: 1: 1 ratio. The paper considers the influence of individual technological factors on the quality formation of the finished product, such as the dose of the prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS), the dose of the concentrate of whey protein (CWP) and the fermentation temperature of the milk mixture. The following technological factors of production have been established: doses of introduced components (GOS - (1 ± 0.1) %, CWP (2.0 ± 0.5) % and the fermentation temperature of the mixture (38 ± 2) °C. The results of the study will be used further in the development of technology for a functional fermented milk product.

One of the strategies to increase maize production is by selecting the proper combination among variety and planting density. The plant density population experiment was carried out to identify the candidate of maize variety that has high productivity with limited sunlight levels. Our hypothesis was how the erect leaf maize type can get optimal sunlight and affect the productivity. The study was conducted in IP2TP Bajeng, Gowa, South Sulawesi from March to June 2020. This study was designed under split plot design where spacing or plant density as the main plot with 3 levels of treatment (70 cm x 20 cm (population 71,428 plants/ha), 60 cm x 20 cm (population 83,333 plants/ha) and 50 cm x 20 cm (population 100,000 plants/ha). Furthermore, eight genotypes of hybrid maize (ERC 01, ERC 02, ERC 03, ERC 04, ERC 05, ERC 06, ERC 07, ERC 08), including control varieties (JH 45 and Pioneer 36) were treated as the sub-plots. The results indicated that the maize yield increase in line with the increase in plant population. The plant’s spacing of 70 x 20 cm with 100,000 plants/ha was produced 10.61 t/ha, significantly higher than other treatments.