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The power system of Russian Federation is diversified regionally and consists of one Unified Power System and multiple off-grid power systems. Many parts of Russia are not connected to centralized power supply by virtue of their geographical position. There are more than five thousand autonomous energy sources in the off-grid territories, which are mainly represented by diesel power plants and gas turbines. These power plants use very expensive fossil fuel. It is proposed to use a large share of generation based on renewable energy sources (RES) for such systems. Taking into account a nonstationary character of power generation, presence of electricity storage devices, as well as stricter requirements of consumers to power quality and reliability of power supply, we can say that operating conditions of such systems and their control represent a difficult problem that needs to be studied. The tasks of substantiating the development of isolated power supply systems are considered. The analysis of the essence and level of study of task groups to substantiate the development of such systems in a hierarchical sequence is given. The problem of substantiating development is presented in the form of three successive stages: substantiating a rational configuration of the power supply system, comprehensive optimization of the structure and parameters of the power supply system taking into account various requirements and studying the operating conditions. In the paper, the specific features of microgrid operation in different seasons of a year and different time of a day are analyzed, a set of problems related to control of operation is formulated and specific features of their solution are discussed.