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This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence farmers in using rice straw as feed for their ruminants. Primary data was obtained from a survey through face-to-face interviews involving a total of 395 farmers as respondents in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Farmers were selected by multistage random sampling. The data, then, were analyzed by using logistic regression. The results showed that 45.06% (178 respondents) used rice straw as feed, where only 3.37% (6 respondents) adopted the fermented straw. The type of ruminant kept by farmers, the amount of training attended, and land size affected the rice straw utilization as ruminants feed. Adopters of rice straw utilization are farmers who maintain large ruminants and tend to manage large areas of land. This finding also revealed that providing continuous training on feed technology for farmers is important. Furthermore, periodic assistance by extension workers is needed to enhance farmers in adopting the innovation of agricultural technology.

The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of harvesting age in the second regrowth of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in intercropping pattern with dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) on productivity and quality. Chicory seeds were spread on the interspatial land between the dwarf elephant grass on a 2.5×2.5 m2 plot, with 1×1 m2 of the distance between each dwarf elephant grass. Plants were harvested on the day- 30, 45 and 60 by defoliation 10 cm above the soil surface. Each treatment had 3 replications, totaling 9 plots. The variable measured in the study were production (dry and organic matter) and nutrient contents (dry matter, organic matter, extract ether, and crude fiber). Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Significant data were evaluated on Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the study showed that plants that were cut later had the highest production and nutrient contents (Pregrowth demonstrated the most improved yield.

This study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on the growth, production, and nutrient content of Cichorium intybus. The study was carried out at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Cichorium intybus were cultivated on a 1x1.5 m plot. Treatments on this study were different levels of nitrogen fertilizer: 0 kg/ha (N0); 25 kg/ha (N1); and 50 kg/ha (N2), with 3 replications on each treatment. Fertilizing was performed once, on day-5 of the growing phase. The height and length of the plants were recorded once a week for 21 days. The Cichorium intybus were defoliated on day-21. For the harvesting, the plants were cut 7.5 cm above the soil. Variables observed in this study include vegetative growth parameters (height and length of the plant, length of the leaf, the width of the leaf, and several leaves) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) productions). All data were analyzed using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test for significantly different results. According to this study, the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected (P-value

The study was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) on different levels of defoliation. Experiments were carried out at forage facilities owned by Laboratory of Animal Forages and Pasture at Faculty of Animal Science UGM. One-way completely randomized design was employed on the experiment, with a follow up of Duncan Multiple Range Test on statistically different results. Variables observed on this study are vegetative phase-growth and biomass production. Chicory (aged 7 months; and on 8th regrowth) were planted on 1 × 1.5 m2 plots, with 3 replication. Defoliation treatments were performed on different levels, i.e., 2.5 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm above the ground surface. Chicory were cut on day-21. All data obtained from the experiment were subjected to variance analysis. The results showed that different levels of defoliation affected plant length, leaf length, leaf width, number of buds, and biomass production significantly (PCichorium intybus which defoliated on the 10 cm above the ground surface, yielding 13.40 ton/ha fresh production, 1.09 ton/ha dry matter (DM), and 0.88 ton/ha organic matter (OM). According to this study, defoliation on 2.5 cm above the ground surface produced smaller growth and biomass production than groups defoliated on 5 and 10 cm, yet showed the highest number of buds.

This study aimed to determine the growth and biomass production of chicory planted in intercropping system with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (odot grass) and on different ages. Planting were carried out on plots measuring 2.5x2.5 m with 40x40 cm of sub plots for chicory. Odot grass stems were planted, 9 stems in 1 plot and chicory seeds were spread on the sub plots between the odot grass. Experimental treatments were three different cutting ages, i.e. 30, 45 and 60 days (U1, U2, and U3 respectively). Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulting in 9 plots in total. The observed variables were plant height, fresh production, dry matter, and organic matter content. The results of the study showed that different cutting ages produced significant differences on height, fresh production, dry matter content, and organic matter content (P value odot grass was observed highest on cutting age of 60 days, namely 7.95 ton/ha and 15.14 ton/ha. However, the dry matter content of odot grass was not significantly different. It can be concluded that chicory planted on intercropping system with odot grass and cut on 60 days old yields the highest production.

Mixed Crop and Livestock (MCL) farming provides opportunities for smallholder farmers to increase farm efficiency by using crop and livestock waste as the farming input resources. This study examined the correlation between farmer’s adoption level of MCL and their characteristics. Data were collected by multistage random sampling method through questionnaire for 132 smallholder farmers in five districts (Bandongan, Candimulyo, Kaliangkrik, Ngluwar and Salam). The processing of feed from crop waste and fertilizer from livestock waste technologies was the determinant of adoption level. It was divided into 3 categories, i.e. low, medium and high level. Results showed that 68.94% of respondents were in the low level, 21.97% was in the medium level and 9.09% was in the high level. There was a significant relationship between consulting to extension agents, number of training, farmers’ length of group membership, experience on raising livestock, and ruminants’ type raised by farmers toward adoption level on the technology of MCL farming.

This research was done to study the effect of supplementation of the combination of corn oil (CO) and protected corn oil (PCO) using formaldehyde on in vitro nutrient digestibility in the rumen and post rumen. Protection of corn oil is carried out by mixing skim milk powder and corn oil (2:1) using formaldehyde 1,5%. Feed for fermentation substrate consists of Penissetum purpureum and wheat pollard (60:40). The combination of CO and PCO in several rations was added as the supplement to feed substrate (dry matter basis). The ratios of CO: PCO supplementation that given were T0 (0%:0%) as a control, T1 (5%:0%), T2 (3.75%:1.25%), T3 (2.5%:2.5%), T4 (1.25%:3.75%), and T5 (0%:5%). Their effects on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD) and crude fiber digestibility (CFD) digestibility were studied using the two-stage in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) modified by Utomo (2012). Data were statistically analyzed using oneway analysis of variance continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that T1 and T2 significantly (P

The study was conducted to measure digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in Holstein Friesian cow ration which was supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala leaves. The experiment was designed followed completely randomized design, consisted of 3 treatments, namely P0, P1 and P2 with 4 replications. Treatment P0 was basal ration, composed of 35% forage + 65% concentrate of total dry matter. Treatment P1 and P2 contained basal ration supplemented by Leucaena Leucocephala leaves as much as 10% and 20% of total forage dry matter, respectively. The data on dry matter, organic matter digestibility and nutrient consumption were collected during 14 days. The results showed no significant different of dry matter, organic matter, crude fibre digestibility among rations. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fibre of ration P1 and P2 were higher than P0. In conclusion, there was no effect of Leucaena Leucocephala leaves supplementation on dry matter and organic matter digestibility of ration but increased the consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber.

This research was conducted to study the effect of fertilizer types and photoperiod on the nutrient content of regrowth I on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The variables measured were nutrient content i.e dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fat (CF). The research applied statistical analysis Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern 5x3 and t-test. If it resulted in a significant effect, it was continued with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The first factor was types of fertilizer consisted of P0=control, P1=green fertilizer and dolomite, P2=manure, green fertilizer and dolomite, P3=dolomite, and P4=green fertilizer® and dolomite. The second factor was the photoperiod consisted of C0=12 h, C1=16 h, and C3=20 h. The results showed that the fertilizer types treatments were significantly affected (P

The mixed crop and livestock (MCL) farming could enhance farmers to improve their farming practice. This study aims to analyse factors that influence the adoption of MCL farming in Magelang Regency. A multistage random sampling method was used to select the locations and the respondents. Data were collected through personal interview based on structured questionnaire from 161 smallholder farmers. Logit models was applied to analyse the binary choices of practicing MCL farming. The result indicated that age, consulting toward extension agent, and number of livestock kept by farmer were significant at the level 10%, experience on raising livestock was significant at the level 5% and type of ruminants was significant at the level 1%. It may conclude that the younger farmers and farmers who raised large ruminants were have more possibility to adopt the MCL farming practice.

This study was conducted to determine the nutrient intake of lactating dairy cows in the wet and dry seasons in Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The experiment was conducted using forty lactating Friesian Holstein cows selected from dairy group farms, with average body weight 421.77±28.60 kg, and in 1st to 3rd lactation, housed in permanent pen models stanchion barn with cement floors and rubber mat with feed and drink water. They were fed twice daily, morning and afternoon and drinking water was given ad libitum. Feed samples were taken and analyzed in the Laboratory of Dairy Science and Milk Industry, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. The observed variables were feed availability and nutrients intake. The comparison results between the two conditions (wet and dry seasons) were tested using independent t-test analysis. The result indicated that intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber and total digestible nutrient were not differ significantly. However, intake of crude protein (2.52±0.37 vs. 2.22±0.43 kg DM/head/day) was differ significantly (P

This study aims to investigate effect of supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf in the ration on milk production and composition of Friesian Holstein cow. The experiment was performed using 3 treatments namely P0 (basal ration, composed of 40% concentrates + 60% forage of total dry matter), while P1 and P2 contained basal ration and Leucaena Leucocephala leaf, supplemented with 10 and 20% of total forage dry matter (DM), respectively. The experiment was performed for 60 days, with 12 lactation cows at body weight average 400 - 450 kg. Cows were at 3 to 4 months of lactation stage. Parameters observed were milk production (L/d) and milk composition namely percentage of protein, fat and lactose. Results showed that P2 significantly increased milk production compared to P1 and P0, while in milk composition in P1 and P2 were significantly higher compared to control. The average of protein, fat and lactose of milk in P0 were 2.87%, 4.73% and 4.44%, P1 were 2.99%, 3.29% and 4.86%, P3 4.91%, 4.59% and 4.60%, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of Leucaena Leucocephala leaf at 10 and 20% improve milk composition, but only at 20% supplementation the milk production was increase.

The objective of this field questionnaire survey was to describe the dairy cow productivity and socio-economic profile of dairy cattle farmers in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta smallholder farming communities which have been targeted dairy development policy. The study was conducted on 190 Friesian Holstein (FH) cows maintained under smallholder's management system in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 83 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed with structured questionnaire to assess the socio-economic dairy farmer and productivity performance of dairy cows. The number of dairy productivity performance within the normal. Shortages as well as high cost of feed, occurrence of disease, scarce information about feeding and high medicament cost were the main constraints which might have contributed considerably to delayed age at first service, late age at first calving, long calving interval, short lactation length and low milk production. Therefore, strategies designed to solve the existing problem should be important by involving all stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of improvement strategiesor dairy development policy was being implemented and necessary respect to environmental factors affecting agricultural activities such as a constraint on land use and access to water resources.