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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of age on global and sectoral vascular parameters of the peripapillary area and macula in healthy eyes by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)., Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 239 eyes of 172 healthy subjects. Subjects were scanned using the high-definition disc angio scan (4.5 × 4.5 mm), retina angio scan (6 × 6 mm), and optic nerve head/ganglion cell complex (GCC) modes of OCT-A. Global and sectoral circumpapillary vessel density (VD), parafoveal VD, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and GCC thickness parameters were modeled in terms of age by using linear mixed-effect models incorporating covariates. Normalized slopes were calculated by dividing the absolute slopes by the mean value of the OCT-A parameters., Results: All global and sectoral circumpapillary VDs decreased significantly with increasing age, except for those in the temporal superior sector. The steepest slopes in the circumpapillary region were observed in nasal superior (-0.098%/y) and nasal inferior (-0.096%/y) sectors. The global, temporal, and superior macular VDs also decreased with increasing age, while the foveal, nasal, and inferior parameters did not. The temporal quadrant showed the steepest slope among the macular parameters (-0.068%/y). The RNFL and GCC thickness results showed similar trends., Conclusions: Age substantially affected VD in most of the peripapillary and macular areas; however, the papillomacular bundle area did not show significant age-related vascular changes. These age-related global and sectoral differences in circumpapillary and macular VDs should be considered when assessing pathologic VD changes over time.

Purpose: To assess whether open-angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD) have greater severity of glaucomatous damage compared to those eyes without CMvD., Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 80 eyes of 80 OAG patients with visual field (VF) defects confined to a superior hemifield (40 eyes with CMvD and 40 eyes without CMvD matched for age [≤10 years], axial length [≤1 mm], and VF loss [≤1 dB (decibel)]) and 43 healthy eyes were consecutively included. The circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPLT), circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD), parafoveal VD (pfVD), and VF mean sensitivity (VFMS) were measured. The relationships between CMvD angular extent and structural/VD/functional measures were assessed at both hemiretinae in OAG eyes with CMvD. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between significant cpRNFLT reduction at perimetrically intact hemiretinae and relevant clinical variables., Results: Sectoral cpRNFLT and mGCIPLT in the perimetrically intact hemiretinae of eyes with CMvD were significantly lower than those of eyes without CMvD (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations between CMvD angular extent and sectoral measures of structural/VD/functional parameters at perimetrically intact hemiretinae as well as perimetrically affected hemiretinae in OAG eyes with CMvD. The presence and extent of CMvD had a significant influence on cpRNFLT reduction at perimetrically intact hemiretinae (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: OAG eyes with CMvD showed significantly lower cpRNFLT and mGCIPLT than those without CMvD at the hemiretinae corresponding to intact hemifields, thus requiring more vigilant attention for greater disease severity.

Purpose: To investigate whether the relationship between circumpapillary vascular density (cpVD) and visual field (VF) mean sensitivity (MS) differs between primary open-angle (POAG) and angle-closure glaucoma (PACG)., Methods: The cpVD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA, AngioVue/RTVue-XR) in 146 eyes from 146 subjects (age- and VF mean deviation-matched 86 POAG and 60 PACG). Global and regional relationships (superotemporal [ST], superonasal [SN], nasoupper [NU], nasolower [NL], inferonasal [IN], inferotemoporal [IT], temporolower [TL], and temporoupper [TU] sectors) were estimated between cpVD and VF MS using multiple linear regression models controlling for the confounding variables in two disease categories. Uni- and multivariate linear regression models were built using cpVD as the dependent variable and covariates (age, intraocular pressure [IOP], axial length, signal strength index, and RNFLT) as independent variables., Results: In PACG eyes, the cpVD was associated with the corresponding VF MS in five sectors (semipartial correlation coefficient [sr]: 0.144-0.567, P < 0.05): IN, IT, ST, TL, and SN, while the RNFLT showed association in four sectors (sr: 0.047-0.544, P < 0.05). In POAG eyes, the cpVD of all sectors was associated with the corresponding VF MS (sr: 0.246-0.574, P < 0.05). Greater IOP and lower RNFLT were independently associated with reduction of cpVD in the PACG group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). In the meantime, only lower RNFLT was associated with reduction of cpVD in the POAG group (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: POAG and PACG eyes differed in vascular-function relationship determined by OCTA and VF MS.