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Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a fibrous, degenerative calcification of the mitral valve. It is associated with endocarditis, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and congestive heart failure. Patients with severe MAC associated with mitral valve disease are considered poor candidates for traditional surgery. The current available outcomes data of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) in severe MAC were limited by high rates of serious complications and subsequent high short-term and midterm mortality. This review article describes the procedural complications, clinical outcomes, and optimal patient selection for TMVR in patients with severe MAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the unfavorable anatomic features of bicuspid aortic stenosis (AS), the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in bicuspid AS were suboptimal, particularly when using the first-generation transcatheter valves. However, the newer-generation transcatheter valves significantly improved the outcomes of TAVR in bicuspid AS. Nonetheless, long-term durability of transcatheter valves and concomitant aortopathy should be taken into account. Considering the expanding indication of TAVR to lower the surgical risk and a younger population, these issues should be evaluated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]