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Aim: This paper discusses four main strategies for addressing nursing shortages that have been persistent, widespread and growing. Fallout from the COVID‐19 pandemic might offer valuable impetus to address this tenacious challenge. Background: Nursing shortages are common, widespread and have been persistent for most of a century. Many of the reasons behind these shortages are well known and are themselves enduring, as are the types of strategies put forward for addressing them. These strategies can generally be classified into four main categories: enhancing retention, improving recruitment, encouraging return to practice and drawing on international human resources. The COVID‐19 pandemic is the latest major threat to ensuring a sufficiently sized and skilled nursing workforce. Many nurses have succumbed to burnout as well the plethora of factors that predated the pandemic and have a negative impact on nurse wellbeing, turnover and intention to leave. Sources of evidence: This discussion paper draws on international sources of evidence. Discussion/conclusion: This paper highlights how many of the factors behind and strategies for addressing nursing shortages at the local, national and global levels are widely studied and known. A sustained combination of strategies that focus both within and beyond health and nursing, including on the broader social context, is necessary. While COVID‐19 has been extremely damaging, it might present an opportunity to make sustainable, effective reforms to address nursing shortages. Implications for policy: Knowledge users must recognise that a combination of approaches across the gamut of policies that influence nursing workforces is necessary to address nursing shortages. Attention must also focus on factors beyond nursing and healthcare if shortages are to be remedied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To review published literature descriptions of advanced practice nurses' roles in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries. Background: Advanced practice nurse roles have the potential to address insufficient healthcare resources in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries. Introduction: This integrative review highlights advanced practice nurses' roles in the delivery of healthcare services in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries. Methods: Three electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL complete and ProQuest Health & Medicine were searched. No limits by year or language were set. The names for low‐ and lower middle‐income countries and combinations 'related to advanced practice nurses' titles were used to identify papers. In addition, a review of publication type was performed. Themes found within the publications were assessed against the advanced practice nurses' International Council of Nurses' characteristics. An integrative review facilitated an appraisal of the papers identified. Results: The initial search identified 5778 publications in 16 languages. This number was reduced to 23, from 18 low‐ and lower middle‐income once exclusion criteria were applied. Six publications were from 1977 to 1999, and six between 2000 and 2010, with the remaining 11 from 2011 to 2018. Zambia had the most publications. Notably, 63 countries were not represented. Of those meeting inclusion criteria, the majority addressed education with a lesser extent focusing on practice and regulation of advanced practice nurse's roles. The majority were published during the last decade. Discussion: This review of the published literature identified advanced practice nurses' roles and function within some healthcare systems. However, not all components were reported. Examination of the grey literature could provide additional information about the actual and potential benefits of advanced practice nurses' in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries. Conclusion: The published literature that referred to advanced practice nurses' identified their contribution to positive impacts on health care over the last 40 years. However, with only 11 publications identified in the last 7 years, further review is required to understand the advanced practice nurses' roles in these countries. Implications for nursing and/or health policy: Further development of advanced practice nurses' in low‐ and lower middle‐income countries is supported by the lack of published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper explores the potential for incorporating big data in nursing regulators' decision‐making and policy development. Big data, commonly described as the extensive volume of information that individuals and agencies generate daily, is a concept familiar to the business community but is only beginning to be explored by the public sector. Background: Using insights gained from a recent research project, the College and Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta, in Canada is creating an organizational culture of data‐driven decision‐making throughout its regulatory and professional functions. The goal is to enable the organization to respond quickly and profoundly to nursing issues in a rapidly changing healthcare environment. Sources of evidence: The evidence includes a review of the Learning from Experience: Improving the Process of Internationally Educated Nurses' Applications for Registration (LFE) research project (2011–2016), combined with a literature review on data‐driven decision‐making within nursing and healthcare settings, and the incorporation of big data in the private and public sectors, primarily in North America. Discussion: This paper discusses experience and, more broadly, how data can enhance the rigour and integrity of nursing and health policy. Conclusion: Nursing regulatory bodies have access to extensive data, and the opportunity to use these data to inform decision‐making and policy development by investing in how it is captured, analysed and incorporated into decision‐making processes. Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: Understanding and using big data is a critical part of developing relevant, sound and credible policy. Rigorous collection and analysis of big data supports the integrity of the evidence used by nurse regulators in developing nursing and health policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the World Health Organization Euro Office "Nursing in Action" six-year program which will be launched in 1992. Description of the first phase of the program which focused on multinational study on people's needs for nursing care; List of titles of the eight working documents in the Health for All Nursing series.

Announces the availability of the summary proceedings from the International Council of Nurses' AIDS Nursing Forum conferences entitled "AIDS Patients-Clinical Issues". Summaries of the papers presented in several conferences; Issues on AIDS patient counseling and disease management; Contact information.

Aim: This paper describes an initiative facilitating comprehensive assessment and delivery of brief interventions for Māori youth in Northland, New Zealand. Background: The population in Northland is predominantly Māori and is one of New Zealand's most deprived populations. Māori youth have the highest youth suicide rate in the developed world and elevated numbers of youth displaying mental health issues and/or risk behaviours are of grave national concern. Like Indigenous peoples worldwide, inequities persist for Māori youth accessing and engaging with healthcare services. Description: Taking services out to Māori youth in remote and isolated areas, Northland's youth specialist nurses are reducing some barriers to accessing health care. The youth version of the Case‐finding and Help Assessment Tool is a New Zealand‐developed, e‐screening tool for youth psychosocial issues, facilitating comprehensive assessment and brief intervention delivery. Discussion: Early detection of, and timely intervention for, mental health and risk behaviours can significantly improve health outcomes in youth. However, for this to happen barriers preventing youth from accessing appropriate care need to be overcome. Conclusion: Youth specialist nurses could improve access to care for youth from ethnic minorities, rural and isolated regions, and areas of high deprivation without overwhelming the medical profession. Implications for nursing policy: Specialist nurses are trained and empowered to practice at the top of their scope. With general practitioner oversight and standing order sign off specialist nurses can work autonomously to improve access to health services, without increasing the workload of doctors. Implications for nursing practice: Encouraging continuous self‐reflection of the nurse's effectiveness in meeting patient needs, holistically and culturally, facilitates the provision of accessible care that is patient‐centred and culturally safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing the world to manage future pandemics must take priority. It is clear that we were not prepared for the COVID‐19 pandemic which continues to cause great suffering around the world. Nurses and other health professionals everywhere must be involved in health policy planning and implementation of public health measures to combat this and future pandemics. Such preparation needs community policy involvement at grassroots levels and needs to be collaboratively instigated at international levels. The death so far of over 2000 nurses is unacceptable in this pandemic, and we need to better protect and sustain the workforce. The International Council of Nurses has been instrumental in data gathering of nurses' experiences during COVID‐19. Key points from analysis of this data have been included in Second Progress Report of the World Health Organization's Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response. This paper summarises the key messages from this report, as well as the nursing shortage. The International Council of Nurses resounds the call for massive investment in nursing education, leadership and jobs, as well as protection for our nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To explore the debate on the development of the nurse practitioner profession in the Netherlands. Background In the Netherlands, the positives and negatives of nurse practitioners working in the medical domain have been debated since the role was introduced in 1997. The outcome of the debate is crucial for nurse practitioners' professional development and society's justification of their tasks. Method Review of 14 policy documents, 35 opinion papers from nurses, 363 opinion articles from physicians and 24 Dutch research papers concerning nurse practitioners from 1995 to 2012. Results Two discourses were revealed: one related to efficiency and one to the development of the profession. In both, the nurse practitioner role was presented as a solution for healthcare and workforce problems, while arguments differed. The efficiency discourse seemed most influential. Opinions of nurse practitioners were underrepresented; taking up new responsibilities was driven by the wish to improve patient care. While most physicians were willing to delegate tasks to nurse practitioners, they wished to retain final responsibility for medical care. Limitations All available publications were extensively studied, which could not include unpublished policy documents from the government or influential parties. This may have led to some selectivity. Conclusion The case of the Netherlands shows that nurses in developing their advanced role are facing barriers, similar to those in other countries. The dominance of efficiency arguments combined with protection of medical autonomy undermines the development towards nursing care that really benefits patients. Implications for nursing and health policy Nurse practitioners should strive to obtain positions in which they are allowed to make their own decisions and wise use of healthcare resources for the good of patients and society. Nurse practitioners should aim to become members of influential healthcare Boards in their countries, in which they can raise their voices and be involved in policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International nurse recruitment is an integral part of government health care strategy in many countries. However, the gendered implications of nurse migration have been little explored despite the fact that the nursing workforce is predominantly made up of women. Aim: Based on the migration of nurses from the English-speaking Caribbean region to the UK, this paper explores the significance of gender at both the macro and micro levels. Methods: Four strands of inquiry were explored: nurse migration, impact on development, work experiences and family life. Key terms were used to search the electronic databases SSCI, EBSCO and JSTOR. An interpretative framework based on the feminist theory of intersectionality was used to systematically review the 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Findings: Gender issues are significant across all aspects of the migratory process. Migrant nurses contribute to social progress through remittances and knowledge gained abroad although overall, nurse migration negatively impacts development and there are hidden implications for women. For some Caribbean nurses, migration reflects increased economic freedom; however, for others, gender inequality lies at the centre of the decision to relocate. Gender inequality also permeates the lives of many migrant nurses even in countries where economic and work conditions are improved. Conclusions: The ramifications of nurse migration cannot be fully understood without attention to gender inequalities and the specific socio-economic contexts in which they exist. There is need for a gender-centred approach to international nursing recruitment policy that takes account not only of the impact on developing countries, but also of the well-being of migrant nurses themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This article reports how 'important others' and position in the organizational hierarchy relate to employee innovation behaviour. Empowerment of healthcare workers to engage in innovation behaviour is desired by management in Norwegian municipalities as it is regarded as a way of getting more health care for less money. Innovation behaviour is also desired by nurses' and other healthcare workers' professional organizations of as it is regarded as a way of improving the working conditions of the healthcare worker. BACKGROUND: The theoretical discussion in this paper includes corporate entrepreneurship, 'important others' and employee innovation behaviour. METHODS: This article reports on a study concerning empowerment of nurses and other healthcare workers (n = 555) in Norwegian municipalities. The statistical methods used include multiple regressions. FINDINGS: The study reveals that there were differences between the nurse (registered nurses), auxiliary nurses (nurse aides) and unskilled healthcare workers concerning how they perceived the opinion of the management and the opinion of the colleagues about how suitable it was to present innovation behaviour at the workplace. Moreover, the different groups of healthcare workers assign different levels of importance to this influence. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the findings put forward in this article may lead to an improved understanding of the dynamics behind employee innovation behaviour, and that such knowledge could improve the care provided to the patients, the cost of the care and the working conditions of nurses and other healthcare workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper reports a study that leads to understanding challenges facing nurse educators implementing mandatory continuing nursing education in The People’s Republic of China. Background: Mandatory continuing nursing education was instituted to maintain and develop registered nurses’ competence in the context of healthcare reform in China in 1996. However, there is an increasing complaint of credit-focused and teacher-centred learning in Chinese literature. Despite an increasing appeal to improve the learning situation, little consensus has been reached. By examining nurse educators’ perceived challenges and their coping strategies in implementing mandatory continuing nursing education, this study illuminates the possibilities for reform in mandatory continuing nursing education. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interactive dialogues between the researcher and five nurse educators in five healthcare organizations in China, utilizing Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. Findings: Three themes were found in this study described as finding a way to support nurses’ competence within a constrained situation, reconciling credit requirements and representing all stakeholders’ interests. Conclusions: A tension between the mandatory continuing nursing education policy and the context of implementing the policy can contribute to credit-focused and teacher-centred learning. Regular policy review and educational support for nurse educators are crucial aspects to improve mandatory continuing nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To discuss the results of a study that explored factors that may influence competence development. BACKGROUND: Competence, a controversial issue in health care settings, affects many aspects of the nursing profession, including education, practice and management. Although a number of research and discussion papers have explored the issue, in particular the meaning and assessment of nursing competence, to date little research has explored factors identified by nurses themselves as influencing their development of professional competence. METHODS: A purposive sample of 27 registered nurses was recruited from two university-affiliated hospitals. Data collection was by tape-recorded semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to the qualitative methodology of content analysis. FINDINGS: Six descriptive categories were identified from the data: experience, opportunities, environment, personal characteristics, motivation and theoretical knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the factors influencing the process of developing professional competence in nursing extend across personal and extra-personal domains. An understanding of these factors may enhance the ability of nursing managers and educators to enable student and qualified nurses to pursue effective competency development pathways to prepare them to provide a high standard of care. These findings, which may have important implications for nursing practice, management and education, are being further tested in a larger study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To propose a process that will facilitate cultural competence in Australian nursing practice. Background: Cultural diversity is a prominent feature of the Australian health system and is impacting significantly on nursing care quality. A fictitious, but typical clinical exemplar is profiled that identifies cultural insensitivity in care practices leading to poor quality outcomes for the health consumer and her family. Strategies are proposed that will reverse this practice and promote culturally competent nursing care and that locates overseas qualified nurses in this process. Conclusion: This paper contributes to nursing care quality internationally by articulating strategies to achieve cultural competence in practice. Nurses must pay attention to interpersonal relationships and develop respect for the health consumer's value systems and ways of being, in order to protect their rights and avoid the tendency to stereotype individuals from particular cultures. The expertise of qualified nurses from different cultures can greatly assist this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this paper (initially presented at a symposium during the ICN Centennial Conference, 27 June-1 July 1999, London), we describe nurses' experiences in formulating a strategic plan for nursing development at the national level in Bahrain. Aim: Specifically, we address the process undertaken to produce a comprehensive and integrated strategic plan directed at what nurses in Bahrain need to do in order to contribute to cost-effective and high-quality health service. Conclusions: The following strategies are addressed: regulation of nursing; reform of nursing education; development of nursing services; development of a nursing information system, and development of nursing leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the role of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation and the Florence Nightingale International Courses in the development of public health nursing leadership in Europe. Implementation of systems in public health nursing and nursing service administration; Challenges faced by nurses in 1918; Pursuit of the League of Red Cross Societies in initiating programs that would address the need for public health nursing.

Clinical (or career) ladders for qualified nurses can change how nurses' associations and trade unions negotiate their salaries and career structure. Below, a review of clinical ladders, their implications and how nurses are responding. INSET: Clinical Ladders: A Checklist for National Nurses' Associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the significance of economics and technology as a challenge to healthcare personnel in the preservation of the environment. Definition of economy, economics and technology; Measures to be done by the health services to save the environment; Impact of technology on the environment. INSETS: Health Services and Our Environment;Canada: The Diaper Dilemma;ICN's Position on the Nurse's Role In Safeguarding the Human Env.

The article focuses on the informal session for French speaking participants in the formal programme of an International Council of nurses (ICN) Congress. Papers, indicating fruitful topics and appropriate methods for research in nursing and outlining steps in establishing a research programme were given by Mlle Nicole. The session for English speaking participants followed a similar pattern to the French session but there was an expert panel instead of a second speaker. The participants gave every sign of enjoying the session and finding it profitable.

Aim: To review healthcare literature in relation to the provision of palliative care in Indonesia and to identify factors that may impact on palliative care development. Background: People living with life ‐ limiting illness benefit from access to palliative care services to optimize quality of life. Palliative care services are being expanded in developing countries but in Indonesia such services are in their infancy with many patients with life ‐ limiting illnesses having access to appropriate health care compromised. Methods: Relevant healthcare databases including CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were searched using the combinations of search terms: palliative care, terminal care, end ‐ of ‐ life care, Indonesia and nursing. A search of grey literature including Internet sites was also carried out. Results: Nine articles were included in the review. Facilitating factors supporting the provision of palliative care included: a culture of strong familial support, government policy support, volunteering and support from regional organizations. Identified barriers to palliative care provision were a limited understanding of palliative care among healthcare professionals, the challenging geography of Indonesia and limited access to opioid medications. Conclusions: There are facilitators and barriers that currently impact on the development of palliative care in Indonesia. Strategies that can be implemented to improve palliative care include training of nurses and doctors in the primary care sector, integrating palliative care in undergraduate medical and nursing curriculum and educating family and community about basic care. Nurses and doctors who work in primary care can potentially play a role in supporting and educating family members providing direct care to patients with palliative needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To provide a perspective on the visibility of nursing gained during the COVID‐19 pandemic and propose strategic options for nurses to consolidate their expanded roles and influence. Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed long‐standing inequities across the world. Factors preserving discrimination weakened during the emergency are now being re‐established by neo‐liberalist influences that dismiss the true scale of the disaster and shape the narrative in ways that increase public risk and render nurses invisible. Sources of Evidence: All evidence drawn from publicly available sources is presented through the lens of the authors' nursing, management, education, policy and research experience. Discussion: Nurse advocacy will be needed during future decades of pandemic control and recovery and be in a position to deliver appropriate care and services. Conclusion: For nurses at all levels to remain visible, important, valued and respected, they need to be informed, engaged and willing to make a stand to preserve the hard‐won reputational gains of the last 30 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Implications for Nursing Practice: Nurse advocacy and engagement are needed to maintain public awareness of the ongoing risks and safety options associated with the pandemic. Implications for Health and Social Policy: Nurses and other health practitioners need to reveal the true level of devastation that continues to occur and guide the focus of political and administrative strategies in response to COVID‐19 impacts on services and public health orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on various conferences related to nursing. The conference on "Clinical Excellence in Nursing International Networking" will be held during July 29-30, 1987 in Edinburgh, Scotland. In addition to research papers, contributions are sought about others issues which are relevant to the attainment of scholarship to the pursuit of clinical excellence in nursing and to the improvement or maintenance of international co-operation. The ninth national caring conference on "Care: Ethics and Morality of Caring" will be held during April 26-28, 1987 in Menlo Park, California.

The American Academy of Nursing introduces a panel on alternative care models. The session was the first in a series of explorations by the academy of the influence, real and potential of the nursing profession on health policy for the next decade. In addition to those addressing alternative care models , papers by academy fellows included in a new publication are about payment for the services of nurses and women and power. Also included in the publication is the keynote paper of the session delivered by Anne J. Davis, a fellow of the academy and Professor, School of Nursing, University of California.

In Canada, as elsewhere, it has been agreed that primary health care (PUC) is needed, particularly for the underserved population. But the debate continues over which approach, what measures and who should be involved. To help find the answers, the Canadian Nurses Association presented a working paper already in 1980 to the Canadian Government recommending changes in the health system and proposing various roles that nurses could play in formulating and implementing its national primary health policy and in November this year organized a two-day PHC workshop involving representatives from provincial councils and government as well as nurses. Below, two nurses teaching at the University of Ottawa's School of Nursing give their view on what should and could be done in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the increase in the need for patient health education and in the professional nurse's opportunities for such a role. The purpose of the paper is to examine the existing problems in patient education provided by the professional nurse and to offer some possibilities for clarifying the nurse's role in order to ensure progress in this area. The fundamental responsibilities of the nurse are to serve life, to promote health, to prevent disease and to alleviate suffering. It has been generally accepted by the nursing profession that thoughtful and appropriate patient education is the essence of all health rehabilitation.

Aim: To emphasize that nurses need to be fully protected to carry out their vital role, particularly during pandemics, yet the lack of a standardized and systematic collection of high‐quality disaggregated data on nurses health inhibits our ability to assess this within and across countries. Background: Nurses are the largest workforce group in the health sector, yet only 59 countries worldwide report on nurse COVID‐19 infections and related deaths, and the standardized, systematic collection of disaggregated health data is not yet in place. Sources of evidence: Medline, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the experiences of the authors. Discussion: Inconsistent recording and definitions of nurses, precarious and informal employment conditions, limited transparent and reliable data, lack of mass testing and long‐standing structural issues and biases have affected nursing for too long. Conclusions: These issues are reflected in the limited capacity of many national public health information systems to collect, monitor and report on the health of the largest group of health workers. Political will, accountability and public data transparency at different levels are essential to adequately protect nurses at work. Implications for nursing practice, and nursing and health policy: Building on current momentum in the nursing field, immediate political action is required to strengthen existing nursing and midwifery policies, standards and regulatory capacity, as well as existing public health services and information and surveillance systems. The generation of up‐to‐date, context‐specific knowledge is needed to inform and monitor political decisions related to the protection of nurses, and the improvement of their employment conditions, as well as to strengthen accountability for these areas at various levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on three day conference of nursing, which was recently held at the university of Victoria, Canada. There were 105 papers, seminars, workshops and visits made during this conference. More than 450 registrants attended from Canada and the U.S. Cope Schwenger, professor of gerontology, university of Toronto, told that one of the most important missing links in Canadian health care was the lack of interest in looking for alternative accommodation for the elderly. Canada has been and remains the most heavily institutionally oriented country in the world.

The article throws light on the general meeting and convention of the Malaysian Nurses Association. The President of Malaysian Nurses Association, Lee Siew Hoon presented the views of nurses on current nursing issues. One of the problems is the diffusion of the nurse's role and the fact that her primary function has been submerged by many non-nursing tasks, leaving nursing care to be carried out by other categories of workers. She also sought the cooperation of Ministry officials in relation to the frequent publicity by them in the local papers criticizing nurses for mishaps in some hospitals.

Aim: To gather information from nurses and allied health professionals in the French context of the emergence of research in the field so as to inform the development of a new tool: The research in nursing and allied health sciences' Ideas Generator (GénI) capable of sustaining the identification of research ideas from professionals in the field. Background: In many countries, research in nursing and allied health sciences remains underdeveloped. Introduction: Before developing the Ideas Generator tool, it was essential to explore professionals' basis of reference in providing care, then investigate (1) their representation of research in this field of science and (2) their perception of needs for and obstacles to starting a research process. Methods: The qualitative research design used focus groups. The study population included 24 participants naive to research in four hospitals in eastern France (13 nurses and 11 allied health professionals). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The study was reported in compliance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research criteria. Findings: Professionals used tacit knowledge and their experiences to address care, but the culture of scientific evidence was clearly missing (lack of knowledge of the origin of care guidelines, few bibliographic skills). Participation in a research process could hardly be envisaged without a supervised collaboration with a physician. Research was perceived not to be part of professionals' culture. They self‐censured for lack of methodological competencies. Discussion: Findings underlined some leverage, obstacles, and need to consider to generate a stimulation in the field, especially in countries where such research is still in its infancy. Implication for nursing, health, and education policy: Strengthening the field of nursing and allied health research is essential to extend the skills of nurses and allied health workers and to improve the quality of patient care by taking into account results from the literature. The Ideas Generator tool will be implemented to sustain learning the skills of research through education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although several programs have been initiated to increase the uptake of health services amongst youth living with human immunodeficiency virus in the world, disparities in access to these care services still exist. Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of young people as they attend the human immunodeficiency virus clinic and to identify factors affecting their uptake of health services in southern Malawi. Methods: A focused ethnography was conducted to collect data from 20 youths living with human immunodeficiency virus and aged between 15 and 24 years through one‐on‐one in‐depth interviews and casual observations. The interviews data were analysed thematically following transcriptions. Findings: Two themes emerged to describe the factors that facilitated or hindered the uptake of HIV‐health services. The first theme: Facilitators to the accessibility and utilization of HIV services consisted subthemes of Health personnel‐related factors and Innovative healthcare delivery approach. The second theme: Barriers to utilization and accessibility of HIV service comprised of the following subthemes: Ignoranceof health services available, Clinic‐related factors and Consumer‐related factors. Conclusion: Efforts to support health services that are youth‐friendly and easily accessible are needed to increase uptake, decrease mortality, prevent disability and promote the wellbeing of youth living with human immunodeficiency virus. Implications for nursing practice and policy: Approaches used with this population should be youth‐centred and multifaceted, recognizing both the psychosocial challenges and the vulnerability that many youths in Malawi experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an excerpt from a discussion paper on the development and refinement of an International Classification for Nursing Practice. Views on the clinical application of the nursing process; Difficulty of nurses to write realistic expected outcomes in acute care settings; Need for Australian nurses to carefully consider the terms used in the development of a data set.

The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Council of National Representatives had its biennial meeting in Auckland. in mid-August, 1986. That is early springtime in New Zealand. Quite a change from the European summer for many of the staff members. It is a beautiful country with warm and friendly people. The nurse's responsibilities in caring for patients with AIDS, the health problems of migrants and the world-wide effects of major budget cuts on health care were some of the topics brought out in resolutions submitted by member associations. The Professional Services Committee (PSC) brought a definition of nurse, of nursing and, as a discussion paper, a plan for identifying nursing specialities.

Highlights the presentation of the research paper entitled "Nurses - A Disappearing Species," Marie-Paule Florin, former President of the French Nurses Association, at the Le Touquet-Paris-Plage, France. Contents of the research paper; Problems of the nursing sector commented by Florin in the research paper; Need to create structures of nursing and to integrate present structures with levels in planning.

Efforts to develop an International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) were initiated nearly a decade ago.** To update nurses on progress, below is a critical review of the ICNP using the Computer-based Patient Record Institute (CPRI) Features Framework and a discussion of its relevance to current US efforts: 1) the activities of the American Nurses' Association (ANA) Steering Committee on Databases To Support Clinical Nursing Practice; 2) implementation of formal approaches for representing nursing concepts and 3) Health Level 7 standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing research has been developing in Europe for over 30 years. Yet it is still a relatively new activity in some countries and extremely variable in a region where countries vary greatly in size, language, culture, politics and socioeconomic status and in the role and status of nursing and healthcare systems. While such diversity limits a comprehensive account of nursing research throughout Europe in a short article, an overall view is given below, based on experience in the UK and participation in the Workgroup of European Nurse Researchers (WENR)* . INSET: The Role of National Nurses' Associations in Nursing Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A classification of nursing phenomena (as diagnosed by nurses) and of nursing interventions is included in the Alpha Version of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). The third dimension of the ICNP—nursing outcomes—is currently being developed. As in the case of the Alpha Version's classifications of nursing phenomena and nursing interventions, the active participation of nurses around the world is being sought for the development of an improved Beta Version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of the Annual Professional Conference of the Royal College of Nursing was 'Standards of Nursing Care', when the Report of the World Health Organization Fifth Expert Committee on Nursing was used as a basis for the discussions. Papers were presented in the context of basic and post-basic nursing education, hospital and domiciliary nursing and nursing research. Miss H.M. Simpsom, B.A., S.R.N., gave a résumé of the Report of the WHO Committee, of which she was a member. Mis B.I.R. Dodwell discussed four major problems which militate against the achievement of good nursing standards at the present time. The curriculum was named first, together with the conflict of trying to provide the right kind of nurse for the 1970s, while giving consideration to present needs. Next, came the candidates and their recruitment. It was suggested that recruitment of student nurses should be separated from recruitment for service. Third, the control of nursing education and the fact that the claims of the nursing service get constant priority over education, which was deplored. Finally, there is the problem of too few teachers of nursing. On domiciliary nursing, Miss L. Hockey felt it to be a necessary contribution of the profession to the community it serves to make it possible for the aged, the sick and the handicapped to be cared for in their own homes, if they so desired. Miss K.J.W. Wilson, B.Sc., outlined the organization of the Department Nursing Studies of Edinburgh University, and the courses available for undergraduates and for registered nurses. She also spoke of research as a major responsibility of a University Department and how this was carried out. Finally, Miss Simpson spoke of the present situation in nursing research in the United Kingdom in relation to the framework suggestion in the World Health Organization Report. The Royal College of Nursing has accepted an invitation from the Ministry of Health to be set up a project to study standards of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study explored and described nurses' experiences of factors that influenced their professional dignity in private hospitals in South Africa. Background: Patients' dignity is a nursing professional value in high regard. Nurses' dignity, in particular nurses' professional dignity, has not been valued equally. Disrespect for nurses' professional dignity impacts on nurses' motivation to provide nursing care to their full potential. Methods: Descriptive phenomenological research was conducted. Eleven professional nurses were interviewed at two private hospitals in the provinces of KwaZulu‐Natal and the Free State of South Africa. Findings: The participants were conscious of their 'professional standing due to own and others' percipience'. Their professional dignity was influenced by experiences such as perceiving one's own professional dignity; having contradictory experiences; being proud to be a professional nurse; receiving support, appreciation and respect; providing care in complex situations; performing as a professional nurse; valuing patient well‐being; and being humiliated by others. Conclusion: Preserving nurses' professional dignity is crucial and should be acknowledged and encouraged by managers, health team members and nurses. Implications for nursing/health policy: The need for preserving nurses' professional dignity necessitates the incorporation of professional dignity strategies in healthcare, nursing and education policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore job satisfaction of nurses during the Hajj season 2018 in Saudi Arabia, determine predictors of nurses' job satisfaction and inform future healthcare provision and policy. Background: Mass gatherings of large numbers of people inevitably pose unique public health concerns and challenges for organizers. A mass gathering happens annually in Saudi Arabia during the Hajj pilgrimage. There was a paucity of evidence regarding nurses' experiences during Hajj. This gap in knowledge needed to be addressed. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 198 nurses across 12 healthcare settings along the Hajj pilgrimage route. A 24‐item Nurses' Job Satisfaction Questionnaire was developed exploring six domains: supervision, nature of work, retention, communication, workload and co‐workers. Results: Nurses reported a high level of job satisfaction. All six domains were strong predictors of job satisfaction. Nurses reported the lowest level of job satisfaction when assessed against the items 'multiple policies and procedures that were perceived as complicating nursing work', 'incompetence of other people they work with' and 'too much burden at work'. Conclusion: Job satisfaction levels for nurses during Hajj 2018 appeared higher than during previous Hajj pilgrimages, probably influenced by the additional healthcare measures put in place during Hajj 2018, such as improved technology. Implications for nursing policy and practice: Hajj‐specific skills training must be designed to enhance the knowledge, competencies and capabilities of nurses. Policies and procedures must prevent heavy workloads and avoid complicating nurses' work during Hajj. Improvements to the nurse work environment should focus on evidence‐based interventions promoting effective resource planning, interprofessional relationships and communication, for instance via innovative, technological approaches. These findings can be shared with organizers of other mass gatherings worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses some of the non-doing or omissions by medical practitioners of nursing research findings. Inadequate communication between nurses in practice and nurse researchers; Noncompliance by practitioners with significant recommended projects; Importance for practitioners to read research findings publications.

Highlights the role of continuing education for the safe and component practice of nursing in the first national Continuing Education in Nursing Conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Agreement of the group on a three-fold plan of action; Improvement of communication about continuing education for nurses; Need for a position paper on the education for registered nurses in Canada.

Talks about the factors influencing and changes to bring nursing legislation into effect in Latin America. Significance of nursing legislation as a safeguard of education; Responsibility of national nurses associations in the formulation of nursing legislation; Factors affecting the nursing profession and nursing legislation in Latin American countries.

Aim: This study explores Australian clinical nurses' and midwives' familiarity with a new code of conduct and understanding in what ways the code is important for nurses as they carry out clinical practice. Background: Codes specify the expectations of nurses' responsibilities, legal requirements, behaviour and conduct. Being familiar with the code is central to being a professional nurse or midwife. As nursing continues to advance, updating the code is crucial to maintain professional and safe practice. Design: This project utilized a cross‐sectional descriptive design. Methods: A survey was developed incorporating Likert‐type scale assessments of the 7 value statements from the 2018 Australian Nurses' Code of Conduct for familiarity and importance. The survey included open‐ended questions to elicit clinical nurses' experiences of conduct breaches, opinions regarding usefulness and relevance of the code for current practice. Data were collected at an acute care hospital in Sydney during January 2018. Results: Significant differences relating to cultural and patient‐centred approaches were revealed in the study. The new value involving the role of research was least understood and ranked least important by nurses and midwives. Professional 'integrity' resonated with participants when considering the behaviour of nurses, and short, unambiguous values were the most popular. Additionally, a substantial number of participants had no knowledge of the code or were not aware of the recently revised version. Conclusion and implications for nursing: A code of conduct provides structure and guidance for workplace values and principles. A respected code is important to the nursing profession to help prevent inappropriate and incompetent behaviour and as a guide for nursing performance. Nurses in this study claimed the code was highly relevant to their work as a nurse and was incorporated into their daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the shortage of health professionals in rural areas in Cameroon. Details on the political and socio-economic aspects of the area; .Importance of community participation in the provision of health care services; Approach to the prevention of diseases.

Talks about programs and events during the primary health care workshop aimed at helping national nurses' associations to meet their leadership potential held in Botswana. Purpose for making Nurses Association of Botswana as the host of the workshop; Destinations of the field trips; Mechanics of the game called Shallow Water Cargo Carrier.

The article discusses prison health care. Whether the prison health service should be provided within the institution or on a contract or free choice basis outside of the prison facility is a debatable issue. In either case, the professional ethics of the nurse must be the guiding factor in reaching decisions regardless of where the health service is provided. The International Council of Nursing (ICN) position is that nurses having knowledge of physical or mental ill-treatment of detainees and prisoners should take appropriate action including reporting the matter to appropriate national and/or international bodies.

The biggest weakness in the government's health reforms in New Zealand is that they have not been research driven. This opinion was expressed in a paper prepared to mark International Nurses' Day which the used on "Better Health Through Nursing Research." Author's are former Nursing Professor Norma Chick and Nursing Student Donna Snell, criticized New Zealand's health reforms for not including evaluation processes that would provide reliable evidence about their effects. The greatest obstacle to nursing was funding.

Highlights the symposium on accidents and accident prevention in Medicare which was held in Newcastle, England. Topics discussed; Organizers; Attendees.

The article presents information about events related to nursing and medical care during the year 1983. The Fourth annual conference, Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner Section, Florida Nurses Association will be held during January 27-29, 1983 at Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The International conference on diet and nutrition in Tel Aviv, Israel will be held during February 21-23, 1983. The Twenty fourth annual conference of Rcn Research Society at Sussex, England during March 25-27.