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Aim: This paper discusses four main strategies for addressing nursing shortages that have been persistent, widespread and growing. Fallout from the COVID‐19 pandemic might offer valuable impetus to address this tenacious challenge. Background: Nursing shortages are common, widespread and have been persistent for most of a century. Many of the reasons behind these shortages are well known and are themselves enduring, as are the types of strategies put forward for addressing them. These strategies can generally be classified into four main categories: enhancing retention, improving recruitment, encouraging return to practice and drawing on international human resources. The COVID‐19 pandemic is the latest major threat to ensuring a sufficiently sized and skilled nursing workforce. Many nurses have succumbed to burnout as well the plethora of factors that predated the pandemic and have a negative impact on nurse wellbeing, turnover and intention to leave. Sources of evidence: This discussion paper draws on international sources of evidence. Discussion/conclusion: This paper highlights how many of the factors behind and strategies for addressing nursing shortages at the local, national and global levels are widely studied and known. A sustained combination of strategies that focus both within and beyond health and nursing, including on the broader social context, is necessary. While COVID‐19 has been extremely damaging, it might present an opportunity to make sustainable, effective reforms to address nursing shortages. Implications for policy: Knowledge users must recognise that a combination of approaches across the gamut of policies that influence nursing workforces is necessary to address nursing shortages. Attention must also focus on factors beyond nursing and healthcare if shortages are to be remedied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Sources of evidence Discussion Conclusion Implications for nursing practice Implications for nursing and health policy To provide insight into the process of developing health and nursing policy and how that process can be influenced by both researchers and nursing leaders.Nurses care for people across the life course from birth to death, in our communities, hospitals, care homes and schools. They have unique insight into how people live their lives and how this affects their health. Despite being well placed to influence health policy, nurses often fail to capitalise on this. At the same time, academics often struggle to identify the policy implications of their research resulting in further missed opportunities to use policy influence.Classical policy theory, which is predominantly drawn from economics and public administration together with a range of contemporary nursing and health policy studies, is used in this paper to discuss the policy process and opportunities to influence.Researchers need to focus on realistic policy suggestions that aim to raise awareness, highlight policy problems or set the agenda. In turn, nursing leaders, from National Nursing Associations, need to harness evidence to support their efforts to influence policy. In terms of influence, a range of approaches exist, and each lends itself to different parts of the policy cycle.The role nurses can play in health policy is not well developed in many countries. Nursing researchers and leaders are well placed to influence policy but must do so in a clear and pragmatic way recognising that policymakers make decisions despite being faced with conflicting evidence, competing demands and economic imperatives.Recognising that nurses can offer much in terms of policy development, the paper argues that a pragmatic approach based on different forms of influence at different stages is likely to be most successful.The evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that nursing academics and leaders need to identify realistic policy interventions when examining their own empirical work or identifying ways to individually or collectively influence policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Sources of evidence Discussion Conclusion Implications for nursing practice Implications for nursing policy This paper explains how we created the Global Intellectual Disability Nurse Research Collaboratory (GIDNRC), a transformative network. The GIDNRC aims to make improvements in the understanding, research, policy, clinical care, and support provided to people with an intellectual disability.In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) called upon healthcare leaders internationally to take actions to promote more equal healthcare for disabled persons. This paper promotes the GIDNRC as a way for professionals to work together to make more equal healthcare throughout the world for people with intellectual disabilities.We created this paper by reviewing peer‐reviewed literature and research, international policies, and nursing networking initiatives.This paper explores current policy, research, and practice issues that formed the basis of beginning the GIDNRC, including how the COVID‐19 pandemic changed care.Nurses are over 50% of the world's health workforce. Therefore, they have the potential to make a large impact in making care for people with intellectual disability much more equal than currently exists throughout the world. However, barriers exist. Forming the GIDNRC, as well as using the World Wide Web, offers an opportunity to address barriers to this goal.Nurses can address the needs of people with intellectual disability in their daily nursing practice. The GIDNRC aims to strengthen these clinical skills, understand how care may vary throughout the world, and share knowledge, good practices, and new ways to approach care for people with an intellectual disability worldwide.International nursing policy should actively focus on the needs of people with intellectual disabilities and the role nurses play in addressing these health needs. The GIDNRC may provide an important way to achieve developments in this policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims to highlight the vital importance of investing in advanced practice nursing (APN) for enhancing emergency care throughout Africa. Background: APN's role is increasingly recognized as pivotal in optimizing healthcare, particularly in emergency settings in Africa. It offers improved patient care quality and strengthens the healthcare workforce. Sources of evidence: Evidence is drawn from successful implementations of APN in various healthcare environments. This includes the development of APN‐specific curricula and training, mentorship initiatives, clinical supervision, and defining advanced nursing roles within healthcare organizations. Investing in APNs in emergency care in Africa can lead to improved quality and access to care, cost‐effectiveness, enhanced patient outcomes and satisfaction, and opportunities for professional development and career advancement in the healthcare workforce. Discussion: Despite facing barriers in implementation, APN in emergency care presents innovative solutions. Investing in APN can help healthcare entities and policymakers surmount these challenges, providing specialized patient care and improving health outcomes. The discussion emphasizes the benefits such as enhanced access to care, reduced healthcare costs, and improved patient outcomes, alongside bolstering the healthcare workforce. Conclusion: The necessity and benefits of investing in APN for emergency care in Africa are clear. It is crucial for improving healthcare delivery and outcomes. Implications for nursing practice: APN investment leads to a more competent and efficient nursing workforce, capable of addressing complex emergencies and improving patient care. Implications for nursing policy and health/social policy: The paper advocates for policies that support APN development and integration into the healthcare system, emphasizing the need for research to assess APN's long‐term impact and establish best practices for its implementation in emergency care across Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper discusses the development and progression of the advanced practice nurse practitioner role in Africa. Background: Providing adequate primary health care is problematic in Africa. The World Health Organization and International Council of Nurses proposed that nurses, specifically advanced practice nurse practitioners with the requisite skills in disease prevention, diagnosis and management, can be key to solving the primary care issue. Sources of evidence: This paper utilized publications from PUBMED, CINAHL, policy papers, websites, workgroups, conferences, and the experiences and knowledge of authors involved in leading and moving forward key events and projects. Discussion: Four African countries have formally adopted the advanced practice nurse practitioner role, with significant interest from countries throughout Africa, and ever‐increasing requests for assistance regarding initiation, development and integration of advanced practice roles. Initiatives to advance the roles have been supported by the International Council of Nurses Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nurse Network and Global Academy of Research and Enterprise. Next steps and projects for future role development are discussed. Conclusions: There is a progression towards the adoption of the advanced practice nurse practitioner role in Africa, and further mechanisms are suggested to allow full uptake and utilization. Implications for nursing practice: Prioritization and investment in initiatives implementing nurse practitioner/advanced practice nurse roles in Africa allows nurses to pursue further education, advanced role and leadership opportunities consistent with Nursing Now goals. Implications for health policy: Implementation of nurse practitioner/advanced practice nurse roles increases the primary care workforce, consistent with recommendations and priorities in the World Health Organization Global Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery 2021–2025 helping countries ensure that nurses optimally contribute to achieving universal health coverage and other population health goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate an international health partnership project to capacity build emergency, trauma and critical care nurse education and practice in Zambia. Background: Zambia continues to face a significant workforce challenge and rising burden of communicable and non‐communicable diseases, compounded by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In response to these, the Zambian Ministry of Health is investing in specialised nurses. Emergency, trauma and critical care nursing education and training were seen as one of the solutions. North–south partnerships have been identified as a force for good to capacity build and develop emerging specialities. Sources of evidence: We use an evaluative approach, which includes desk research, a rapid literature review and documentary data analysis from published papers, government reports and project documentation. Ethics committee approval was sought and gained in both Zambia and the UK. Discussion: A critical review of the evidence identified three key themes: challenges with changing education and practice, developing Zambian faculty for sustainability and the effect of an international health partnership project on both Zambia and UK. The outcomes from this project are multifaceted; however, the main achievement has been the implementation of emergency, trauma and critical care graduate programmes by the Zambian faculty. Conclusion: This experience from the field outlines the benefits and limitations of a north–south partnership and the importance of transparency, shared ownership and collegiate decisions. It has facilitated knowledge exchange and sharing to capacity build emergency, trauma and critical care nursing. Implications for nursing practice: Lessons learned may be applicable to other international nursing partnerships, these include the need for deep understanding of the context and constraints. Also, the importance of focusing on developing long‐term sustainable strategies, based on research, education and practice was noted. Implications for nursing policy: This paper outlines the importance of developing nursing education and practice to address the changing burden of disease in line with Zambian national policy, regional and international standards. Also, the value of international nursing partnerships for national and international nursing agendas was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in nursing and its leadership has been a key global priority in achieving world health. This paper aims to explore what it means to invest in nursing and its leadership and whether we are progressing in its endeavour. Consideration is given to whose responsibility it is to invest, the importance of education to support strategic nurse leaders and enable them to have a voice to lead as well as create a culture in which their staff wish to stay. Further, the paper explores the importance of each country accepting responsibility for developing and funding its strategic workforce plan and paying nurse professionals fairly and taking steps to reduce workforce shortages. Finally, the paper examines the progress the United Kingdom is making and concludes that investment in nursing is everyone's business, the government, healthcare organisations, society and above all nurses themselves. Collectively, we must step up to influence change and have nursing voices heard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper was to reflect on global ethical challenges for nurses in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine and to discuss 'Nurses and Global Health', a new element in the revised ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2021, and its implications for nurses. Background: The authors participated in the latest revision of the Code. When we were revising the ICN Code of Ethics, there was neither an ongoing pandemic nor a war in Europe. Sources of evidence: Relevant scientific articles and other academic literature, documents from international organisations, and authors' views. Discussion: The discussion emanated from our reflections on how to actually apply the ICN Code of Ethics, i.e., moving the words from the document itself into everyday practice, in light of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In the Code, the nurse's responsibility is highlighted, but there is little or no instruction on how to undertake it. Conclusion and implications for nurses: The ICN Code of Ethics needs to be operationalised through ethical reflection and discussion in all contexts where nurses work, from policy level to the care environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper highlights a new role of Advanced Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner as the clinical planning lead in the development of a unique model of care and service delivery for children living with health complexity, in the context of a LEADS leadership framework and related capabilities. Background: The LEADS in a Caring Environment Framework is an effective tool for leadership development and systems change. An experienced Advanced Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner hired into a leadership role contributes to system change for a complex population across a large geographic area. Sources of evidence: World Health Organization, Canadian Nurses Association and other websites, academic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) and relevant books were explored, and the expertise and knowledge of the authors and the redevelopment project team were utilized. Discussion: The Advanced Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner (first author) shares and reflects on her own lived experience as a leader in the planning for programmes and services at the new centre utilizing the five LEADS domains and related capabilities. Conclusion: The utilization of the LEADS in a Caring Environment Capabilities Framework showcases the strengths and skills of an Advanced Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioner shifting from direct clinical care to successfully leading system‐level change. By incorporating the LEADS framework into practice, in any setting or role, Advanced Practice Nurse/Nurse Practitioners can both evaluate and develop their leadership skills while positively effecting system transformation. Implications for nursing practice: The LEADS framework fosters ongoing professional development and can be used to measure the added value of Advanced Practice Nurses within an organization. Implications for nursing policy: Advanced Practice Nurses improve outcomes within the health care system. Leaders must consider this evidence in health workforce planning, ensuring that Advanced Practice Nursing roles become fully integrated and are supported in the context of national and regional health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate a year‐long mentorship program, pairing nurses from different regions across the world to support their global leadership capability, and identifying additional consequences of their participation. Background: Investment in developing nurse leaders continues as a strategic global imperative. Building on the first cohort's recommendations, this second program illustrates continued progress. Program evaluation: Using the logic model of program evaluation, this non‐empirical paper uses data collected from anonymized questionnaires and participants' stories to help improve the program, illustrating innovative practices to develop the confidence and competence of emerging and established nurse leaders globally. Discussion: The value of mentorship was recognized, and there were gains for both mentors and mentees in the development of leadership confidence and competence. Through engagement and collaboration with the whole community, participants were encouraged to understand their own and others' cultures avoiding assumptions and stereotypes. Conclusion: This evaluation illustrates that in addition to helping improve future programs, mentorship has enabled the growth of individuals' skill sets and the confidence to reach out to peers across the world to understand the meaning of global health and to make a meaningful contribution to the challenges they face. Implications for nursing practice: Nurse managers should be encouraged to develop and formalize a mentoring culture to benefit the leadership competence and well‐being of their workforce. Implications for nursing policy: Every nurse has a responsibility to invest in nursing leadership for themselves and others. Mentorship can assist nurse leaders to build workforce capability to lead and contribute to the policy agenda locally, nationally, and internationally. Starting early and at the individual level, global mentorship programs can develop leadership expertise to help nurses find their voice and strengthen their confidence and competence to lead and therefore build the strategic leaders of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper is part of a larger doctoral study that investigated the impact of nationality on the job satisfaction of nurses and their intentions to leave Saudi Arabian government hospitals. The paper aims to gain an understanding of the impact of expatriate status on nurses' perceptions, by comparing the factors that influence job satisfaction among Saudi nurses to those that affect nurses recruited from other countries. Background: Job satisfaction is a known predictor of nurse retention. Although there is a broad understanding of the factors that affect job satisfaction, little is known about how these vary between home and expatriate nurses working in countries which rely on a multicultural migrant workforce. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was taken, in which 26 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses selected from different nationalities, all of whom were working in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Eight participants were Saudi Arabian, six Filipino, four Indian, four South African, two Jordanian and two Malaysian. Findings: Five themes were identified that differentiated the perceptions of expatriates regarding their job satisfaction from those of the home nurses: separation from family, language and communication, fairness of remuneration, moving into the future and professionalism. Conclusion: Focusing on the enhancement of job satisfaction experienced by expatriate nurses can result in a healthier work environment and greater retention of these nurses. Implications for nursing and nursing policy: To enhance nurse retention, policy makers in countries with migrant nurses should address their socio‐economic needs. This includes providing both greater access to their dependent family members, and language lessons and cultural orientation to reduce linguistic and cultural challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the experiences of a senior nurse in a patient‐facing role, who led a tea providing direct care to those with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid‐19). This would establish what those experiences meant to nurses during the initial outbreak to enable their coping mechanisms to face subsequent waves in the United Kingdom. Background: The worst infectious disease outbreak of a generation rapidly made its impact known to the medical profession and its support infrastructure across the globe. It imparted unprecedented challenges, not only for managing the care of the most critically ill but for minimising its spread and protecting the workforce. Sources of evidence: Reflections of working on the covid‐19 frontline during the initial stages of the pandemic, the challenges faced, and lessons learned enabled the development of a strategy to better support nurses in the ongoing pandemic. Discussion: Visible, invested and consistent leadership was key in forming a strong foundation to support clear communication, peer support and increasing confidence. Consequently, strong bonds were forged to enable the team to face further challenges as they felt 'in it together'. Summary and implications for nursing and health policy: The experiences described in this paper are those of a senior nurse leader within a particular care context. However, the lessons learned are likely to resonate with many nurses who are facing the same challenges in very similar care contexts and who are urged to reflect upon their own experiences. Furthermore, the associated lessons may help support others and inform their strategy for coping throughout potential future admission surges of this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Method Result Discussion Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy This research examines the effects of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based decision support systems (DSS) on the operational processes of nurses in critical care units (CCU) located in Amman, Jordan.The deployment of AI technology within the healthcare sector presents substantial opportunities for transforming patient care, with a particular emphasis on the field of nursing.This paper examines how AI‐based DSS affect CCU nursing workflows in Amman, Jordan, using a cross‐sectional analysis. A study group of 112 registered nurses was enlisted throughout a research period spanning one month. Data were gathered using surveys that specifically examined several facets of nursing workflows, the employment of AI, encountered problems, and the sufficiency of training.The findings indicate a varied demographic composition among the participants, with notable instances of AI technology adoption being reported. Nurses have the perception that there are favorable effects on time management, patient monitoring, and clinical decision‐making. However, they continue to face persistent hurdles, including insufficient training, concerns regarding data privacy, and technical difficulties.The study highlights the significance of thorough training programs and supportive mechanisms to improve nurses' involvement with AI technologies and maximize their use in critical care environments. Although there are differing degrees of contentment with existing AI systems, there is a general agreement on the necessity of ongoing enhancement and fine‐tuning to optimize their efficacy in enhancing patient care results.This research provides essential knowledge about the intricacies of incorporating AI into nursing practice, highlighting the significance of tackling obstacles to guarantee the ethical and efficient use of AI technology in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Background Introduction Methods Results Discussion Implications To describe how nurses and nursing students in Poland and the United States perceive the practice of intercultural care of refugees from Ukraine.Millions of Ukrainian citizens sought safety in other countries when Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022.Nurses in Poland and the United States are positioned to provide nursing care for refugees from Ukraine yet lack intercultural knowledge, skills, and attitudes to meet refugee needs.This education‐focused qualitative description study was conducted in Spring 2023. Eighteen MSN and BSN students from one university in Poland and one university in the United States completed an international virtual exchange course that concentrated on the health and well‐being of refugees from Ukraine. Students’ reflection papers generated the data for this study. Content analysis was used to systematically structure the data, and themes were inductively derived for an initial understanding of intercultural care for refugees. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting study findings.Major themes were troubled communication, overlooked trauma‐informed care, and compromised vaccine status. Language differences, a gap in nursing knowledge, and cultural variations impeded intercultural care.To address intercultural care for refugees from Ukraine, macro‐ and microlevel factors should be considered. Healthcare facilities need certified interpreters or adequate language‐access technology for nurses. Nursing programs might evaluate content on trauma‐informed care and cultural competency to meet the needs of war‐affected refugees. Leaders from Ukrainian refugee communities could partner with nurses to deliver culturally relevant information to increase vaccine uptake.Nurses should advocate for inclusion of the WHO competency standards of care for refugees in healthcare policies with emphasis on communication and evidence‐informed practice. Placing Ukrainian community leaders on health councils could bridge the gap between refugees and mainstream society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Oman, limited access to adequately prepared healthcare providers in primary healthcare threatens the provision of quality care to patients and families and access to healthcare services. Nurse practitioners (NP) are in an excellent position to address safety issues and ensure quality healthcare with their advanced nursing skills, knowledge, and acumen for acceptable cultural and religious practices. Aims: To explain Oman's national strategic plans, processes, challenges, opportunities, and both regional and global implications for the facilitation of NP role implementation and policies. Sources of evidence: The Nursing and Midwifery Human Resources framework guided the NP implementation project. Guided by the framework, the World Health Organization and the Omani Ministry of Health conducted multiple situational analyses (2004–2016). Later, the NP role was planned and implemented in Oman. During and after implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the NP role implementation were continuously conducted using multiple focus groups, individual interviews, and field visits. Discussion: The NP role implementation revealed multiple challenges and opportunities that either hinder or support NP role implementation. Additionally, the NP implementation project revealed various lessons learned. Implications for nursing and health policy: National and global nursing leaders and health policymakers should collaborate to discuss NP issues, especially NP role sustainability, legal approval and recognition, prescriptive authority, title protection, practice acts, and professional regulation. Conclusion: This paper informs nursing leaders and policymakers in the Middle East and other countries in the global community about Oman's experience regarding NP role implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe activities and professional characteristics of nurses in expanded roles in acute care in Germany and achieve a greater understanding of the current situation of advanced practice nursing. Background: Advanced practice nursing plays an important role in meeting increased demands in healthcare and promoting high‐quality care. Introduction: In Germany, advanced practice nursing is still at an early stage with a lack of studies describing the scope of practice of nurses in expanded roles. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional‐study using a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire. In a nationwide convenience sample, we surveyed nurses with an academic degree, who work in an acute care hospital and take over expanded roles in direct patient care. Reporting followed the STROBE checklist. Results: Of 108 eligible nurses, 84 (77%) completed the survey. The majority had a Master's degree (63.1%) and the average work experience was 18.2 years. Participants carried out activities in all the domains that were queried (direct clinical practice, guidance and coaching, consultation, leadership and research) with differences within and between domains. Foci were on direct clinical practice and coaching and guidance. Discussion: In Germany, qualifications are nearing the international standard of advanced practice nursing. Results suggest that participants partly undertake activities within the scope of registered nurses' practice that do not correspond fully to their formal qualifications. Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy: In order to foster the role development of expanded practice nurses in Germany, political efforts are needed in terms of training (e.g. specific Master's programmes), funding of corresponding positions in practice and control mechanisms (e.g. professional registration). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Identify and map international evidence regarding innovations led by or involving advanced practice nurses in response to COVID‐19. Background: COVID‐19 necessitated unprecedented innovation in the organization and delivery of healthcare. Although advanced practice nurses have played a pivotal role during the pandemic, evidence of their contributions to innovations has not been synthesized. Evidence is needed to inform policies, practices, and research about the optimal use of advanced practice nurses. Methods: A scoping review was conducted and reported using the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. Electronic databases were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published between January 2020 and December 2021. Papers were included that focused on innovations emerging in response to COVID‐19 and involved advanced practice nurses. Results: Fifty‐one articles were included. Four themes were identified including telehealth, supporting and transforming care, multifaceted approaches, and provider education. Half of the articles used brief and mostly noncomparative approaches to evaluate innovations. Conclusion: This is the first synthesis of international evidence examining the contributions of advanced practice nurses during the pandemic. Advanced practice nurses provided leadership for the innovation needed to rapidly respond to healthcare needs resulting from COVID‐19. Innovations challenged legislative restrictions on practice, enabled implementation of telehealth and new models of care, and promoted evidence‐informed and patient‐centered care. Implications for practice: Advanced practice nurses led, designed, implemented, and evaluated innovations in response to COVID‐19. They facilitated the use of telehealth, supported or transformed models of care, and enabled health providers through education, mentorship, and mental health support. Implication for policy: Advanced practice nurses are a critical resource for innovation and health system improvement. Permanent removal of legislative and regulatory barriers to their full scope of practice is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of advanced practice nursing has evolved globally over the past decades and has become an important component in the contemporary healthcare system. The term 'advanced practice nurse' is used to refer to nurses practising at a higher level than traditional nurses and is defined as a registered nurse who has acquired the expert knowledge base, complex decision‐making skills and clinical competencies for expanded practice. In 2003, Singapore embarked on the development of advanced practice nurses as an initiative to improve the nursing professional image, retain excellent clinical nurses and fill the gaps in the provision of healthcare services for the ageing population. This paper documents Singapore's journey of advanced practice nursing development and shares our unique learning experience in the aspects of education, certification, registration and scope of practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper aims to propose Park's sweet spot theory‐driven implementation strategy, which makes optimal safe staffing policy really work in nursing practice. Background: For the last 40 years, mainstream nursing workforce research has emphasized that having more registered nurses leads to better patient outcomes, and yet staffing policies have failed to implement this crucial concept. Meanwhile, global nursing shortages have become rampant, a problem that only dilutes the skill‐mix ratios in the nursing workforce. Low fertility and an aging population worldwide are then accelerating these shortages. These dire circumstances may be persisting because of unclear, unsubstantiated cost‐efficiency in the nursing workforce. For this reason, there remains a dearth of well‐researched evidence for a clear threshold on optimal safe staffing levels that could maximize quality of care relative to cost given limited healthcare financial budgets and which could also be fitted into each care setting. Along with that, an implementation strategy for optimal safe staffing levels is nonexistent. Sources of evidence: An implementation strategy has been developed through interdisciplinary consilience‐based theory synthesis of both prospective theory and regulatory focus theory combined with Park's optimized nursing staffing (sweet spot) estimation theory. Discussion/conclusions: A theory‐driven novel implementation strategy is proposed, which functions as a nudge strategy that uses the synchronous balance of quality of care, nurse staffing, and cost. It illustrates (1) how to create shared value among patients, nurses, and stakeholders through robust evidence‐based, informed shared decision‐making rationales on the optimal safe nurse staffing levels and (2) how to induce stakeholders to overcome resistance to innovation and improve their nursing workforce through value chain in management science. Implications for nursing workforce policy: This novel implementation strategy may be a viable solution to mitigate the nursing shortage by leading stakeholders (1) to compete with each other (on the basis of nursing sufficiency) and (2) to competitively demonstrate the patient‐centered value (patient‐perceived care quality relative to cost) of their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper discusses the benefits of international collaborations for advanced practice nursing education. It identifies new perspectives and innovative practices to enhance cultural competency. Background: Competent, well‐trained advanced practice nurses (APNs) are necessary to provide high‐quality and safe patient care, improve access to care, and address health disparities that are no longer geographically bound. In 2021, an international network of advanced practice educators established an active learning program to teach students their role in global citizenship and increase awareness of health disparities. APN students from Scotland, Wales, Minnesota, Houston, and Rotterdam participated in presentations, online discussions, and in‐country scholarships. Sources of evidence: Growing health disparities have created the need for efficient international collaboration to develop new concepts, approaches, and bidirectional exchange of experiences, culture, and knowledge. Integrating global health into curricula engages students' curiosity and integrates education, research, practice, and leadership while improving cultural competency. Discussion: Forty‐two students participated in the international presentations. The students strongly believed in the benefit of international collaboration and the need for a universal role for the advanced practice nurse. They responded positively to sharing cultural and clinical experiences. Conclusion: The recent global health challenge supported the development of innovative methods to deliver education and created an opportunity for advanced practice students to develop cultural competence and critical thinking. Collaborative solutions are essential to education and healthcare as we move forward in the 21st century. Implications for nursing practice: Robust international collaborations have enabled the development of cultural competence and critical thinking. These are crucial elements for advanced practice roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global inequality exists in the availability of a nursing workforce, supported evidentially by the ratio, in low‐income countries, of only 9.1 nurses per 10 000 people versus 107.7 nurses per 10 000 people in high‐income countries. Mongolia is no exception with 42.14 nurses per 10 000 people and a nursing shortage severe enough to endanger patient safety and well‐being. This paper details both a policy analysis and contextually well‐designed recommendations to strengthen Mongolia's nursing science and practice systems. Obstacles that significantly affect the successful development of nursing and midwifery professions in Mongolia include (1) a lack of strategic planning and regulation; (2) low status of nurses and midwives; (3) absence of professional representation for nurses and midwives; and (4) a dearth of strategic programs for postgraduate training of nurses and midwives. The suggested recommendations include the appointment of a chief nursing office within the government and a cohort of nurse leaders to work to establish a nursing and midwifery board as an independent, professional regulatory body in Mongolia to develop and implement standards to ensure best practice, higher standards of nurse education, and regulate the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2016, the Act on Decisions on Life‐Sustaining Treatment for Patients in Hospice and Palliative Care was implemented in Korea, providing a broad framework for end‐of‐life decision‐making for the first time and making advance directives legally recognized documents. This Act can correct long‐standing under‐recognition of patients as valid decision makers for their own treatment choices. However, limited recognition of patient self‐determination, rigid legal forms for documenting patient wishes, and the roles of family under the Act may pose challenges both to patients and nurses. Aim: This paper critiques whether this newly introduced system of advance directives can truly guarantee protection of the patient's interests and respect for patient autonomy in real life​, and discusses ethical and legal issues regarding the Act. Source of evidence: We reviewed the current system of advance directives by raising three questions: (1) Do advance directives reflect a competent person's voluntary and informed choice?, (2) Are advance directives applicable in diverse clinical situations?, and (3) Does the Korean advance directive system ensure that such directives are honored in reality? Conclusion: Although the Act is an important first step in respecting patient autonomy in end‐of‐life decision‐making, it remains inadequate as it fails to provide thorough guidance in terms of the quality of writing process, applicability, and the guaranteed effects of advance directives. Implications for nursing and health policy: As nurses are best situated for addressing these limitations due to their roles and competencies in clinical practice, expanding the roles of nurses in every stage of advance directive practice could help achieve the original purpose of advance directives. This calls for a policy that promotes an expanded role of nurses to improve the quality of advance directive practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper examines aspects of pandemic policy responses to the COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and presents an integrated view of the consequences of response tactics at national and health service levels for older adults. Background: Nurses are positioned at the intersection of health service and policy implementation; therefore, their influence on clinical protocols and health policy directions post pandemic is crucial to preventing further premature deaths in the 65+ years age group and others. Sources of evidence: Perspectives presented here are based on a critical evaluation of the many published reports, comments, research and insights concerning the pandemic. That evidence, combined with my experience in various fields of study and professional service, enables me to envisage what some decisions and policies may mean for older people, nurses and societies worldwide. Discussion: Established information on world population patterns and the location and health of national groups has been made less reliable by population shifts caused by years of geo‐political conflicts and now the impact of the pandemic. Added to this already chaotic context, the pandemic has further disrupted societies, health services and economies. Ageist responses by these systems have further disadvantaged older people and generated trust deficits that need to be resolved. Conclusion: When the pandemic recedes, policy and management decisions taken by governments and hospital administrators will be a telling indicator of whether the established systematic ageism exposed during the pandemic will continue to compromise the health and longevity of older adults. Implications for nursing, health and social policy: The ascendency of nursing influence within the health and social policy environment must be further strengthened to enable nurses to champion equity and fairness in the pandemic recovery effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the relationship between nurses' competency levels in disaster nursing management, their disaster preparedness and disaster preparedness beliefs., Background: Nurses' competency in disaster nursing management makes disaster response easier. Factors that may affect this reason should be examined., Methods: The study was conducted between April and July 2023 with nurses working in a province in the first-degree earthquake zone in Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 207 nurses who were selected from primary, secondary, and tertiary care institutions by using the stratified sampling method. Data were collected with a personal information form, the Competencies for Disaster Nursing Management Questionnaire, the Disaster Preparedness Scale, and the General Disaster Preparedness Beliefs Scale. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman regression coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data., Results: There was a positive correlation between nurses' competency levels regarding duties and responsibilities and their disaster preparedness levels. Having disaster-related training also positively affected the level of competence in duties and responsibilities. Belief in disaster preparedness and having "partial" knowledge about the disaster had no relationship with competencies., Discussion: According to the International Council of Nurses and current studies on disaster nursing, "competence areas" are among the priority study subjects., Conclusion: According to the study results, disaster preparedness and having disaster-related education are effective factors in nurses' competencies related to duties and responsibilities., Implications for Nursing Policy: The results of this study may increase awareness in the healthcare system about nurses' disaster management competency levels and the factors that may affect this. It is recommended that disaster preparedness and disaster-related education factors should be taken into account in the initiatives and policies to be planned to improve the duty and responsibility competence of nurses., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: To determine teachers' understanding of and attitudes towards nursing education reform at four medical colleges in Kyrgyzstan., Background: The quality of nursing education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels has a major impact on patient outcomes and the development of nursing as a profession and a science., Introduction: Lower middle-income countries have sought to advance their nursing education by adopting the experiences of high-income countries., Methods: A mixed-method cross-sectional study design was used. The STROBE combined checklist was followed. A cohort of all faculty members at four colleges were included (N = 150). The questionnaire consisted of 10 groups of questions and statements. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected., Findings: A total of 56.4% of respondents were familiar with the European approach to nurse education; 73.3% of respondents with a nursing education reported being familiar with the European approach, compared to 40.7% of respondents with a medical education. Qualitative written comments yielded 57 superscripts of codes, 14 subcategories, 5 categories and 2 themes as drivers and barriers of reform., Discussion: The survey revealed weak support for the nursing education reform. Respondents do not envisage nurse education being offered at all three levels of higher education (bachelor's, master's, and PhD), and even fewer recognise nurses as leaders of healthcare institutions., Implication for Nursing: Teachers in nursing programmes should mostly be nurses with academic careers., Implication for Health Policy: Nursing is still not recognised as an extremely important health profession that needs to be developed. This misunderstanding and negative attitude towards the role of nurses in the health care system are evident in both the quantitative and qualitative parts of the study., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Background: In 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic forced the redesign of the International Council of Nurses' (ICN) Global Nursing Leadership Institute (GNLI) that heretofore had included an intensive, week‐long residential experience in Geneva, Switzerland. Aim: This paper describes the development, implementation, challenges and preliminary outcomes of an approach that regionalized GNLI and delivered it online, while preserving some cross‐regional connections among participants. Results: A virtual approach to a global policy leadership programme cannot replace the richness of an intensive, concentrated residential one, but the redesign of GNLI has given ICN, its member national nursing associations and individual nurse leaders previously unexplored opportunities for networking and collaboration aligned with the six WHO regions, and for cross‐region networking and discussions of global issues. Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy: The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has highlighted the need for nursing leadership in policy and practice. A virtual approach to leadership development can increase the reach of programmes that seek to build nursing's capacity to advance health‐promoting policies in workplaces, organizations and nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are concerns that the future balance between the supply and demand for nurses will result in major nursing shortages around the world. Some think that nurses are leaving nursing because of the COVID‐19 pandemic. In the United States, nurses may be leaving their jobs, but not nursing. Enrollments in nursing programs have increased. Nurse migration to the United States has decreased. This paper, using examples from the United States mainly, aims to explore the issue of supply of nurses and argues that it is not clear that we will have a worldwide nursing shortage going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the public image of the nursing profession during the COVID-19 pandemic., Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the public was not as aware of the significance and indispensability of nursing. However, with the pandemic, the importance of nursing has gained prominence on national and international platforms., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of participants aged 18 and over who were Turkish speakers from seven regions of Turkey. Data were collected between May and July 2021 using an online survey, Image Scale for the Nursing Profession (ISNP), and Personal Information Form., Results: Five hundred and two individuals participated in the study. The average ISNP scores of the participants were 150.09 ± 9.62. It was found that participants who had a healthcare-related occupation and were satisfied with the nursing care they received in the hospital had statistically higher ISNP total scores (p = 0.006, p = 0.000), respectively. The study revealed that the value, respect, and trust given to nurses increased with the COVID-19 pandemic., Conclusion: The results suggest a notable enhancement in the public's view of the nursing profession amid the COVID-19 pandemic., Implications for Nursing and Health Policies: Developing promotional strategies for the nursing profession is crucial to enhance the public perception of the nursing profession. These strategies can help the public better understand and appreciate the nursing profession and the role of nurses in society. This requires the support of nurses, nursing educators, nurse managers, and policymakers., (© 2023 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: To systematically review the available evidence from research exploring the image of nurses in the media., Background: Nurses have historically faced many challenges and have received media attention for such efforts. However, the image of nursing traditionally conveyed by media has failed to represent the real character and a positive image of the nursing profession., Review Methods: For this scoping literature review, a search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Dialnet to identify studies written in English, Spanish or Portuguese from the earliest date in the databases until February 2022. Four authors were involved in a two-stage screening process. Data were subjected to quantitative content analysis. A decade-by-decade analysis was performed to track the evolution of the research., Results: Sixty studies were included. The analysis shows (1) an increasing interest in analysing the portrayal of nurses and nursing in media over time, especially from 2000 onwards; (2) a prevailing trend of focusing on one form of media when analysing the portrayal of nurses; (3) qualitative designs as the most frequent method for exploring the image of nursing; and (4) a predominantly negative image conveyed by media., Conclusions: There is a notable body of scientific evidence about the image of nurses and nursing portrayed in media. The interest in analysing media depictions of nursing has a long history. The included studies' samples showed heterogeneity, as they were obtained from different media, periods and countries., Implications for Nursing: This scoping review is the first systematic review to provide a comprehensive map of what has been studied thus far regarding media depictions of nursing. It confirms the imperative need for nurses in different settings (academic, assistance or management fields) to maintain a proactive attitude towards addressing images of nursing and ensuring accurate representations., (© 2023 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: To develop and evaluate a Zambian context‐specific mentorship model that supports registered nurses completing emergency, trauma and critical care programmes in Zambia. Background: In Zambia, emergency and trauma and critical care nursing are relatively new specialties, with education and training programmes less than a decade old. A train the trainer mentorship programme was developed and delivered at two colleges of nursing. Ethics approval was gained in both Zambia and the UK. Sources of evidence: Documentary data analysis and focus groups were used. Focus groups included stakeholders and nurses in practice who had completed the train the trainer programme and were using the mentorship model. Discussion: The critical review of the literature revealed there was a paucity of evidence on the role of mentors in critical care. However, national documentation identified that most post basic education programmes are at Diploma Level with limited content that focuses on bedside teaching, mentorship and assessment content. Conclusion: Feedback from representatives attending the stakeholder workshops and focus groups which included participants who had completed the training programme enabled the mentorship model and workshop to be developed and evaluated. Implications for nursing practice: Nurses are the backbone of healthcare systems in Africa and the world. Mentorship and assessment in practice enables nurses to develop the competence and skills to lead practice, support peers and junior colleagues. Implications for nursing policy: This paper has identified the need for a context‐specific formalised mentorship model to support specialist practice and this project has provided the foundations for mentorship of emergency, trauma and critical care nurses in Zambia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to describe the status and analyze the improvements made by universities in Kazakhstan to nursing research infrastructure in the following services: library, internationalization, finance, information and communication technology (ICT), and research, development, and innovation (RDI)., Background: In higher education institutions (HEIs), a strong research infrastructure is a necessity for academic education and research. In Central Asian countries, nursing is regarded as an assistive field to medicine, affecting nursing research infrastructures., Methods: In this descriptive study, following benchmarking and a recommendations report, an interview of nursing faculty members was used to obtain data regarding nursing research infrastructure in ten universities in Kazakhstan. The SQUIRE-EDU was used to ensure the quality of reporting., Results: The Kazakhstani universities providing nursing education are still in the process of developing their nursing research infrastructure. They have not acquired access to nursing databases, and only one textbook concerning nursing research can be found from their libraries. None of the universities have joined international nursing networks. The participation of the university staff and students in conferences with nursing themes has increased. The universities are investing in staff capacity building, but not yet in nursing research projects., Discussion and Conclusion: Kazakhstani universities have the autonomy to develop nursing research and its infrastructure. Active measures by the university management, such as financing access to nursing databases, international cooperation, and international projects, are necessary., Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: Research infrastructures' quality strongly impacts the development of nursing science and practice in any country. It is crucial to increase the volume of research that demonstrates the effectiveness of clinical nursing and its contribution to health outcomes. To enable the faster development of nursing science in Central Asian countries, this development should be supported through international collaboration., (© 2022 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Background: Missed care has negative consequences for patients, directly affecting the quality of nursing care and patient safety., Aim: This study investigated the effect of missed care on the nursing image perceived by patients and their trust relationships with nurses., Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in all inpatient wards of a hospital in southern Türkiye. The sample consisted of 200 patients. Data were collected using a patient information form, the MISSCARE Survey-Patient, the Nursing Image Scale (NIS), and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (for Windows 25.0). The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines., Findings: Participants had a mean MISSCARE Survey-Patient, TNS, and NIS score of 2.09 ± 0.53, 23.48 ± 5.01, and 71.52 ± 6.75, respectively. There was a moderate negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey-Patient and TNS scores. There was a weak negative correlation between MISSCARE Survey-Patient and NIS scores. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between NIS and TNS scores., Discussion: MISSCARE Survey-Patient total scores vary due to the imbalance in the number of nurses and the complexity of their tasks. Poor quality of care and incomplete care undermine the image of nursing and negatively affect the trust relationship between patients and nurses., Conclusions: Nursing image and trust in nurses decreases as patient-nurse communication and basic care interventions are skipped., Implications for Nursing Policy: Inadequate care can have a detrimental effect on the nursing image and erode patient-nurse trust relationships. Therefore, there is a pressing need for ongoing review and enhancement of nursing education, policy, and practice to elevate the quality of care provided. Further research utilizing objective staff measures and outcome assessments, along with gathering primary data directly from patients, is essential to substantiate the assertion that missed care significantly influences patient outcomes., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: To map and explore primary research about factors related to retention, turnover and turnover intention among migrant nurses., Background: Understanding retention and turnover among migrant nurses is essential, especially in the context of nursing shortage. There is a range of factors motivating nurses to emigrate; however, factors related to retention and turnover among migrant nurses in the host country are unclear., Methods: This review utilised Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for scoping reviews, and is reported with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Four electronic databases were searched-CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and PubMed-to identify primary research published between January 2000 and May 2022. Titles and abstracts were reviewed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then full-text versions were reviewed. Data extracted were summarised, and results synthesised., Results: Fifteen studies were included, with studies mainly from the Middle East, the United Kingdom and the United States. Personal, organisational, financial, political and environmental factors were found to influence retention and turnover among migrant nurses., Conclusion: Retention and turnover rates among migrant nurses vary among host countries. The factors identified are related to each other; hence, retention and turnover among migrant nurses are best understood in the context of their source country, host country and individual circumstances. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY, SOCIAL POLICY, AND HEALTH POLICY: Host countries must promote strategies that foster retention, such as reviewing immigration policies to support long-term immigration and family unity. Organisations employing migrant nurses need to consider the presence of a social network to facilitate adaptation and integration. It is also recommended that source countries address the reasons for emigration and initiate policies encouraging return migration, including providing merit to overseas experience. International nursing organisations should call for an examination of the conditions of migrant nurses to ensure equality across all source countries., (© 2023 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Background/scope: The Clinical Nurse Specialist in Nutrition is a professional capable of providing specialist clinical assistance and leadership-related clinical nutrition. To date, although their role has already been identified, there is still uncertainty about how this figure can actually fit into the various global health systems. The purpose of this review is to clarify and define the role of this professional aimed at analysing clinical experiences and data from nutrition scientific societies., Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Prisma Statement in the Cochrane Library databases and subsequently in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, a manual search of studies published in Google Scholar was conducted for the analysis of 'grey literature'. Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review. [Correction added on 06 June 2024, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been corrected from "Out of 2,348 identified records, 21 studies were included in the present review." to "Out of 3,320 identified records, 20 studies were included in the present review" in this version.] RESULTS: The development of specific training, certification and qualification protection courses is contributing to the development of this professional in various hospital and community clinical contexts. The clinical experiences identified have shown that this figure is able to provide specialist assistance by offering high levels of safety, efficacy and quality of the care provided., Conclusions/ Implications for Nursing: The implementation of nurse nutrition specialist, to date, is still limited at the global level, and training programmes coordinated between scientific societies and nursing universities could be the basis for the development of this specialization in countries where today this figure is not yet present., (© 2023 International Council of Nurses.)

Background: Scales used to evaluate nurses' perspectives of mentoring programmes are mainly designed in developed countries, making them unsuitable for nurses and midwives working in resource-poor developing countries., Aim: To explore the psychometric properties of the perceived cost of mentoring (PCM) scale, negative mentoring experiences (NME) scale and relational mentoring index (RMI) for adaptation in hospital settings in Uganda., Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. In total, 303 hospital nurses/midwives in Ugandan participated in the study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the three mentoring scales., Results: Revisions based on word choice were made in adapting the scales to the Ugandan context. The PCM showed three factors (risk to reputation, mentoring effort and nepotism) and had an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.324-0.793) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.705. The NME scale had two factors (lack of mentor expertise and mismatch between the dyad) consistent with the original scale with an ICC of 0.568 (95% CI, 0.271-0.767) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.841. The RMI showed two factors (individual influence and relational quality) with an ICC of 0.664 (95% CI, 0.410-0.824) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.933., Conclusions: The initial psychometric assessment indicates satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales for implementation among nurses and midwives within Ugandan hospital contexts. Subsequent research is warranted to validate the factor structures of the scales on a different sample., Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: In using mentoring programmes to develop the hospital workforce, nurse and midwifery policymakers need to use culturally adapted and validated PCM, NME, and RMI scales to evaluate the quality of these mentoring programmes to maximise the benefits while avoiding unintended consequences., (© 2023 The Authors. International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: Leadership deficits and poor communication about COVID-19 (C-19) science connect risk-shifting and vaccination hesitancy to safety issues for nurses and the general public., Background: Nurses can be trusted, especially in these chaotic times, to provide trustworthy information on C-19. Publicly expressed gratitude to nurses does little to improve work environments made more precarious by C-19. Practical support may help retain nurses in the health system., Discussion: Public trust in governments has dissipated during the pandemic. People are confused by inconsistent and contentious information and services. Publishing practices that produce low-quality publications undermine scientific information and impede the flow of high-quality research information., Conclusion: Science can advise on a pathway through the risks of C-19 but it is politicians and government officials who decide policy on whether to accept the science and set the level of acceptable risk to the general public. Problematic publishing and communication pathways for essential information contribute to public uncertainty and undermine trust in vaccines, public health strategies, and immigration and quarantine policies., Implications: Nurse safety needs to be central to policy deliberations that affect transmission or spending on infection risk reduction. Policies that put nurses at increased risk encourage those with a choice, to abandon unsafe health system employment. Research quality systems that improve research communication pathways to support practice are urgently needed. Nurses rely on research information sources for credible evidence to support their clinical practice. Risk-shifting is the unintended consequence of government policy on vaccination, immigration, international travel, quarantine and screening for C-19. Governments must accept their role in generating public mistrust of vaccines and not judge people's decisions made on the basis of information available. Political manipulation of C-19 data needs to be exposed to enable recovery planning., (© 2022 International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: We explored the importance of digital technologies to health responses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The benefits, challenges and barriers to developing digital capabilities are identified, and strategies to establish enduring digital proficiency among nurses and healthcare colleagues gained during the pandemic are canvassed. Background: Since the mid‐20th century, technology uptake by health practitioners has prioritised digital information and communication technology. The COVID‐19 pandemic accelerated the need to adapt digital communication to dangerous clinical workplaces. Organisational policies enabled digital capabilities to replace in‐person processes while preserving regulatory compliance, safety and security of patient information and staff deployment. Sources of Evidence: All evidence was accessed from publicly available sources. Discussion: The COVID‐19 pandemic was a catalyst for implementing Technology Enhanced Care Services. Health practitioners need appropriate digital capabilities for their roles and scope of practice. Nursing proficiency includes technological skills. Combining the Jisc Digital Capability Framework and the Health and Care Digital Capabilities Framework helps nurses achieve the technical expertise needed for clinical proficiency in contemporary healthcare environments. Conclusion: Healthcare workforce digital capability requires policies that resource digital technologies and individual user skills in dangerous COVID‐19 workplaces. All involved must be abreast of technological changes and monitor technology effectiveness in innovation in patient care, professional education and evidence‐based infectious disease management of healthcare systems. Implications for nursing practice and policy: Nurses and other practitioners in COVID‐19–compromised settings must be able to use the embedded digital technologies in patient care, clinical management and education. Policies securing resources for nurses to learn to use digital technologies will ensure that digital systems are regularly upgraded and that nurses develop proficiency in using technology in their clinical practice. Work and workplace redesign needs compatible computer systems and software to support nursing innovation and digital proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating and moderating mechanisms by which social connectedness predicts life satisfaction among Chinese nurses. Background: Previous researchers have primarily focused on sociodemographic and occupational domain risk factors for nurses' life satisfaction with relatively little insight into facilitative and protective factors and underlying psychological mechanisms. Methods: We investigated 459 Chinese nurses' social connectedness, work–family enrichment, self‐concept clarity, and life satisfaction via a cross‐sectional design. We explored the underlying predictive mechanisms among these variables by creating a moderated mediation model. We followed STROBE checklist. Results: Work–family enrichment played a mediating role in understanding the positive effects of social connectedness on nurses' life satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of self‐concept clarity was manifested itself in the association between work–family enrichment and life satisfaction. Discussion and conclusion: Interpersonal asset (social connectedness) and the positive aspect of the work–family interface (work–family enrichment) were significant contributors to nurses' life satisfaction. In particular, high self‐concept clarity can enhance the beneficial effect of work‒family enrichment on life satisfaction. Implications for nursing policy and practice: Strengthening social connectedness, promoting synergy in work‒family roles, and maintaining a clarity of self‐concept are important intervention pathways to enhance the health and well‐being of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to (1) analyse all self‐care–related interventions Portuguese nurses documented, (2) determine potential issues that may impair semantic interoperability and (3) propose a new set of interventions representing nursing actions regarding self‐care that may integrate any HER application. Background: As populations age and chronic diseases increase, self‐care concerns rise. Individuals who seek healthcare, regardless of context, need prompt access to accurate health information. Healthcare professionals need to understand the information in all places where care is provided, creating the need for semantic interoperability within electronic health records. Methods: A qualitative descriptive and exploratory study was conducted in two phases: (1) a content analysis of nursing interventions e‐documentation and (2) a focus group with fifteen registered nurses exploring latent criteria or insights gleaned from the findings of content analysis. The COREQ statement was used to guide research reporting. Results: We extracted 1529 nursing intervention sentences from the electronic health records and created 209 intervention categories. We identified the main issues with semantic interoperability in nursing intervention identification. Conclusion: According to the findings, nurses cooperate with clients, offering physical aid and encouraging them to overcome functional limitations to self‐care tasks hampered by their conditions. Implications for nursing policy and health policy: This article provides evidence to warn policy makers against decisions to use locally customised electronic health records, as well as evidence on the importance of policy promoting the adoption of a nursing ontology for electronic health records. And, as a result, the harmonisation and effective provision of high‐quality nursing care and the reduction of healthcare costs across nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the effects of the nursing workforce and advanced nursing practice on the outcomes of patients and life expectancy, including mortality rates of under‐five children in Cambodia, and to develop policy recommendations to increase the influence of the nursing workforce. Background: In low–middle‐income nations, life expectancy and under‐five mortality are important measures of public health. However, there is still a dearth of literature related to the nursing workforce in Southeast Asia. Method: The authors retrieved the data from the World Nursing Report produced by the World Health Organization 2020 for 10 member states. The transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis checklist has guided this study. The univariate linear regression model was applied to categorize the potential predictors for each outcome assessment. In addition, the Spearman rank correlation test was selected to assess the potential predictors, and a multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for each of the five outcomes. Results: According to the study's findings, nurse density and advanced practice nursing improve both female and male life expectancy. The existence of advanced nursing roles is associated with decreased under‐five mortality. Conclusions: There are great opportunities to improve the nursing workforce within Cambodia and other Association of Southeast Asian Nations member states to increase patient outcomes. Investment in nursing is essential for improved patient outcomes. Implications for nursing and health policy: Health policy investments in these projects and future initiatives intended to advance nurse density, education, and practice are based on this study's results. Policy initiatives should focus on increasing density because nursing appears to impact life expectancy and other outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To report participants' and facilitators' experiences of mental health promotion, prevention, and early‐intervention training program targeted at school nurses in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Background: The UAE school healthcare service is staffed by full‐time nurses and part‐time doctors and linked to primary healthcare centers. This service supports children's physical and mental well‐being. However, school nurses' capacity to realize the potential of this service, particularly regarding mental health, has not yet been explored. Methods: We used an exploratory qualitative approach with data triangulation. Data were drawn from school nurses that participated in a targeted mental health promotion, prevention, and early‐intervention training program. Data were gathered through focus group interviews with participating school nurses, written reflections, and notes recorded by the program designers and trainers. All school nurses who participated in the training program (N = 15) were included in this study. This study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Results: Nurses' narratives encompassed three main themes, which indicated the program was an enjoyable professional and personal journey that allowed professional discovery/development and personal growth. Program organizers/facilitators indicated the training program was important, but challenging to implement. Four themes emerged from their reflections that covered the structure of school nursing services, participants' competency and education, the UAE context, and teaching style. Conclusion: A well‐structured professional development program can contribute to improving mental healthcare in schools. Improved service structure and regulations to support this goal are essential. Implications for nursing practice, research, and policy: School nurses benefit professionally and personally from targeted mental health training, which also improves the care students receive. School healthcare service managers should consider increasing such training opportunities for nurses and focus on measuring service outcomes and evaluating effectiveness. It is also necessary to reassess the minimum qualification requirement for school nurses. Specific professional development programs for school nurses will improve their clinical practice and support the recruitment of competent and prepared staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To summarize the omics results of symptomatic research that can help nurses identify intervention targets and design precision interventions for pain, mental health, cognitive impairment, sleep disorder, fatigue, lymphedema, and quality of life, so as to provide a comprehensive summary of help and inspire to precision nursing. Methods: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Retrieval time was from January 2012 to December 2021. Symptomatology research applying omics that can be used to guide nurses in designing targeted interventions was included. Results: Forty‐six studies were included in the final review. Symptomatology research that can be integrated with nursing science to develop precision nursing focused on pain, mental health, cognitive impairment, sleep disorder, fatigue, lymphedema, and quality of life. Most studies were related to cognitive impairment (n = 10; 21.74%), pain (n = 9; 19.57%), and mental health (n = 8; 17.39%). Moreover, the included studies involved various omics technologies, such as whole genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Conclusion: The rapid development of various omic technologies promotes symptomatology research, which can help nurses fully understand the information of patients. Phenotypic characteristics and biomarkers shown in symptomatology research help nurses identify intervention targets and develop individualization interventions, so as to prevent and reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. Implication for nursing and health policy: This scoping review is the first synthesis of all peer‐reviewed literature to summarize and provide important information and references from the omic results of symptomatology studies to develop precision nursing, highlighting the status and development of precision nursing. Nursing education policies should introduce the development and importance of precision nursing. Further research could consider investing more attention in precision nursing. Nursing researchers can carry out some studies applying omics technology to explore more biomarkers, helping guide the formulation of clinical intervention for symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses provide healthcare in prisons worldwide. Working within security restraints, in environments not designed for nursing care, custodial health nurses (CHNs) use specialist nursing skills and knowledge to do essential work. Rapid increases in prisoner age, infirmity and ill‐health of prisoners mandate their access to these nurses. Aim: To raise awareness of the CHNs struggle for specialty status within the nursing profession, public health frameworks and prisons. Sources of evidence: Publicly available information is organised and analysed through the author's lens of 20 years working in the Australian prison system as a general nurse and nurse practitioner. Discussion: CHNs efforts towards becoming a specialty within nursing, public health and prisons are ongoing. Overcoming barriers and maximising facilitators to effective CHN practice would be indicators of successful incorporation of nursing models that assist prisoner patients. Prison healthcare contexts are unique regarding prisoner health and funding that impacts the CHNs resourcing, their scope of practice and acceptance of nursing in prison systems and the broader healthcare sectors. Conclusion: Greater visibility of the CHNs will help promote policy reforms regarding nursing services within a changing prisoner demographic. Changes to educational and professional support for CHNs are needed. Policy restrictions on funding for CHN models in Australia fall short of international standards for prison healthcare; however, political and organisational commitment in this area will be necessary to attain community‐equivalent healthcare standards across the custodial setting. Implications for nursing and other policies: Professional structures, competencies and specialty policy frameworks are required to promote CHNs as advocates for prisoners needing care and their professional development. CHNs at the forefront of policy development and review will benefit all stakeholders in custodial health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To understand nurses' perceptions of volunteer support in health care settings. Background: Increasingly, volunteers provide specialised support to health care service users, requiring volunteers and nurses to work closely together. However, little is known about nurses' perceptions of volunteer support. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. A mixed‐methods convergent integrative approach was taken guided by the JBI framework. Quantitative data were transformed into qualitative data for synthesis and descriptive thematic analysis. Six databases were searched (CINHAL+, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, ProQuest Health and Medical Collection) on 24 January 2022 using terms related to nurses, perceptions, volunteers and care settings, followed by a manual search. The search was limited to English language articles published during 2000–2022. Studies were included if they reported nurses' perceptions of volunteers supporting care within any health care setting. Results: Of the 943 records identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria. All 12 were included in the review following critical appraisal. Five themes were identified: perceived benefits for patients, volunteers providing support for nursing staff, nurses' valuing volunteer support, nurses' understanding of the volunteer role and nurses' understanding of recruitment and training of volunteers. Conclusion: Nurses generally viewed volunteer support positively and perceived that it benefitted patients and assisted nurses. Some nurses raised concerns about the burden of additional supervision of volunteers and lacked knowledge of the volunteer role, recruitment and training. Emerging innovative models of nurse‐led volunteer support can maximise the contribution of volunteers and help overcome barriers to volunteer acceptance. Implications: These findings will inform volunteer policies and provide guidance in developing volunteer support programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To explore the experience of registered nurses and their mentors in the implementation of the Gerontological Nursing Competencies in long-term aged care and the perceived effectiveness and suitability of the programme to support nurse development., Background: The global population is ageing and needs a reliable aged-care nursing workforce., Introduction: Opportunities for education and mentorship for newly qualified and experienced aged-care nurses warrant investigation., Methods: Qualitative evaluation using semi-structured focus groups was conducted following the implementation of the programme into five not-for-profit long-term aged-care organisations and analysed by a reflexive qualitative thematic approach and reported according to COREQ criteria., Results: A total of 21 nurses (7 mentors and 14 mentees) participated in six focus groups. Five themes were generated: (1) nurses gained confidence and competence through the programme; (2) the facilitation of suitable mentoring activities and approaches was crucial to success; (3) the programme helps nurses recognise gerontology as a specialty; (4) the programme contributes to building a strategy of recruitment/retention/quality improvement in the sector; (5) barriers, challenges, changes and recommendations were identified., Discussion: The Gerontological Nursing Competency model, which combined adaptive mentoring supported by reflective practice embedded in a gerontological nursing competencies framework, was perceived to improve nurse confidence and competence to lead and improve nursing standards of care., Conclusion and Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: The evidence-based competencies are an acceptable and effective method for supporting gerontological nurse development. Expansion of, and accessibility to, the programme may aid global responses to aged-care reform, by building the recognition of gerontological nursing as a specialty and contributing towards recruitment, retention and quality care improvements., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the fear of violence of nurses working in Turkey on their intention to migrate and to examine the mediating role of psychological well-being on this effect., Background: Many countries are concerned about nurses' fear of violence and their intention to migrate. The fear of violence at work may influence nurses' intention to migrate. Additionally, psychological well-being may impact this process. However, the impact of the fear of violence at work on the intention to migrate, as well as the moderating effect of psychological well-being in a nursing context, is not well understood., Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study on a sample of 221 nurses from two public hospitals. We collected survey data between November 2022 and January 2023 using three scales. We analyzed the data using SPSS, AMOS, and HAYES. We followed the STROBE statement guidelines for cross-sectional studies., Results: Nurses reported a moderate intention to migrate and a moderate to high level of fear of violence and psychological well-being. Fear of violence is positively associated with the intention to migrate. Mediation analyses indicated that the association between fear of violence and intention to migration was mediated by psychological well-being., Discussion and Conclusion: The fear among nurses of being exposed to violence increases their intention to migrate. However, high psychological well-being can reduce this intention., Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: Nursing managers, policymakers, and decision-makers need to take serious precautions against the fear of violence in the future and make necessary improvements for nurses who witness violence. To achieve this, it can begin by paying attention to the high psychological well-being of each nurse., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Nursing Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Council of Nurses.)

Background: Nurse migration contributes to the nursing shortage in developing countries. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward migration and related factors is crucial for policy-making and healthcare workforce planning in Turkey., Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward migration and their life satisfaction in Turkey., Methods: The study included working nurses with social media accounts on a social media platform in Turkey who followed nursing-related content. A sample of 423 nurses completed an online survey. Independent variables included nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and inclination toward migration, while dependent variables were life satisfaction and migration attitude levels. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, incorporating the Brain Drain Attitude Scale (BDAS) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), between April and May 2023., Results: The study found a negative correlation between nurses' life satisfaction levels and their attitudes toward migration (r = -.349, p < .001). Nurses dissatisfied with their profession (F = 6.575, p < .05), lacking professional support (F = 8.641, p < .05), and lacking social support (F = 6.307, p < .05) scored higher on the BDAS. Conversely, those satisfied with their profession (F = 31.455, p < .05), receiving professional support (F = 26.307, p < .05), and social support (F = 33.990, p < .05) scored higher on the LSS., Conclusion and Implications for Nursing: The study revealed that decreased life satisfaction among nurses in Turkey correlates with increased migration attitudes. These results underscore the need for strategies to enhance nurses' job satisfaction and support systems to mitigate migration tendencies. This study contributes valuable insights into the high inclination of Turkish nurses toward emigration., (© 2024 International Council of Nurses.)