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Aim: We developed and psychometrically tested the Japanese version of the Professional Attitude Scale for Nurses (PASN‐J). Background: Nurses must recognize the importance of their professionalism; therefore, it is critical to quantitatively measure nurses' professional attitudes. Introduction: This instrument validation study was designed to generate an itemized scale and examine its content validity/psychometric testing using a sample of Japanese nurses. Methods: Based on a trait approach focusing on the characteristic traits of the nursing profession, a 59‐item draft scale was generated. During November 2017, 2657 nurses from 29 facilities in Japan were surveyed. The questionnaire included demographics, the 59‐item draft scale, and a self‐report scale of nurses' professional behaviour and nursing practice ability. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we evaluated the construct, criterion‐related, concurrent, and known‐groups validity, and reliability of the PASN‐J. Results: Data from 1716 participants were analysed. The analyses yielded a 38‐item, 3‐factor scale that adequately fit the data. PASN‐J scores were positively correlated with nurses' professional behaviour and nursing practice ability. Conclusion: The 38‐item PASN‐J has good reliability and validity, making it useful for measuring the current condition of nursing professionalism and evaluating nursing education. Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: This scale can evaluate nursing education and promote nurses' professionalism. The PASN‐J will help identifying the elements of undergraduate nursing education that require further emphasis. Additionally, the PASN‐J could facilitate the development of nursing policies to promote professional development in nurses. Ultimately, evaluating nursing education with the PASN‐J enhances nurses' professional attitudes and subsequently improves their quality of nursing, nursing efficiency and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare providers involved in an unexpected adverse patient safety event are affected by negative outcomes of the event and are called 'second victims'. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool has been introduced as a reliable and valid measure to assess the second victim responses and to support recourses of healthcare professionals. Aim: The core objective of this survey was to assess the psychometric attributes of the scale within Iranian nurse. Methods: Having translated the scale based on the WHO guidelines and assessing its face validity, a board of 8 specialists assessed the content validity of the measure. In order to assess the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, a survey was conducted in 5 university‐affiliated hospitals of Urmia. Confirmatory factor analysis is adopted to assess the construct validity. The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the scale were determined. Results: The Persian version of the scale consists of 29 items and 9 subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis illustrated that the scale reflects a foolproof construct validity. Cronbach α coefficients revealed the reliability of the scale (0.68–0.88). Conclusions: The survey proves to be a reliable and valid measure to evaluate the second victim responses and conceivable support resources of Iranian nurses or other Persian‐speaking healthcare professionals of the region. Implications for health policy and practice: Health policymakers ought to build up large‐scale surveys to determine the degree of second victimization of healthcare professionals so as to offer suitable support systems. Taking the scale into account would improve evaluation of the benefits of second victim support initiatives in nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To translate, adapt and evaluate psychometric properties of the complete (15 items) and reduced (three items) versions of the Care Transitions Measure into Brazilian Portuguese. Introduction The Care Transitions Measure assesses the quality of care transitions, from the perspective of patients. As accomplishing effective transitions is a challenge to healthcare systems, the instrument provides an opportunity to assess care transitions and improve quality initiatives. Methods A three-phased design was used for cross-cultural adaptation, pre-testing and evaluation of psychometric properties of the measurement in a Brazilian hospital. After forward translation, back translation and expert committee review, patients evaluated the instrument in a pre-test. Psychometric testing included face and content validity, reliability, stability and factorial analysis. Results Cross-cultural adaptation was completed successfully with a high clarity rate. Internal consistency was good in the 15-item version and was moderate in the three-item version. Test-retest reliability showed good stability of the two versions over time. The three-item version had satisfactory criterion validity. Four factors were extracted for the 15-item measure. Limitations Samples were restricted to a group of patients from one hospital in southern Brazil. Future studies should test the measurement's construct and predictive validity. Conclusions The translated version of the Care Transitions Measure has good face and content validity, reliability and stability. It has shown to be a valid measurement for evaluating the quality of care transitions in Brazil. Implications for nursing and health policy Results are beneficial for nurses, managers and policy makers for evaluating care transitions and support the need for changes in policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To overcome the lack of a validated and robust Arabic instrument to measure breast cancer awareness. Background: Currently, there is no validated Arabic instrument for measuring breast cancer awareness levels. We adapted, translated and validated the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure developed by Cancer Research UK. Methods: The instrument was translated into Arabic and back ‐ translated for validation. Validation and reliability tests were conducted using purposively sampled 972 Arab women older than 20 years, living in Oman. The adapted content was validated by a panel of medical, linguistic and cultural experts, followed by cognitive interviews (n = 10), behavioural coding (n = 30) and criterion validation (n = 646). The instrument was tested for acceptability and its subscales for internal consistency. Inter ‐ rater reliability was estimated between two similar groups (n = 144 and n = 142) to test homogeneity. Results: The adapted and translated instrument had a high acceptability (98.7% completed). The validation process shaped the adaptation, and resulted in strong criterion validity (R = 0.58, P < 0.01). The instrument subscales for risk factors and warning signs had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.856 and 0.890, respectively), with all floor and ceiling effects less than 15%. The correlation measure for inter ‐ rater reliability was 0.97 (P < 0.01). Discussion: Through the incorporation of contextual characteristics and prevalent beliefs among Arab populations, the adapted Best Cancer Awareness Measure is a robust Arabic instrument for the measurement of breast cancer awareness and early detection practices among Arab women. Limitations: The purposively selected sample may not be representative of the population. Conclusion and implications for health policy: Improvement of awareness and early detection of breast cancer can contribute towards reducing mortality from the disease. The adapted instrument has policy implications, since measurement of awareness levels is essential towards breast health promotion policies in Arab countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study describes the development and validation of the Nursing Profession Self ‐ Efficacy Scale. Background: Self ‐ efficacy can be useful in predicting performance, job satisfaction or well ‐ being. In the nursing field, there is a shortage of studies on self ‐ efficacy with regard to nurses’ global confidence in coping ability across a range of everyday, challenging work situations. Methods: To define the theoretical framework of nursing professional self ‐ efficacy, two focus groups and a literature review were performed. An empirical study was then conducted to test validity and reliability. Face and content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. The content validity index was evaluated by 12 experts who suggested deleting 11 redundant items. The final developed tool was tested for construct analysis using a cross ‐ validation approach, randomly splitting the overall sample of 917 nurses in two sub ‐ groups. Findings: The construct validity indicated two dimensions. The face and content validity were adequate. Test–retest reliability displayed a good stability, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was acceptable. Moreover, concurrent validity using the Generalized Self ‐ Efficacy Scale was in line with the theoretical framework. Conclusion: The scale showed evidence of validity and reliability. The major limitation is the strong influence of the Italian context in the tool development. Implications for nursing and health policy: The Nursing Profession Self ‐ Efficacy Scale could be a fruitful tool that facilitates the application of theories (i.e. social ‐ cognitive theory) in the nursing field and even development of interventions. Furthermore, a measurement of self ‐ efficacy could be used to predict nursing clinical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compassion is considered the cornerstone of nursing practice. However, the recent failures in delivering high ‐ quality compassionate nursing care in the UK's National Health Service have brought the topic of compassion to the attention of the public, service providers, policy makers and academics. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ views and experiences of a number of compassion ‐ related issues in nursing and describe similarities and differences at an international level as well as from the different nursing roles of the participating nurses. Methods: An exploratory, cross ‐ sectional descriptive study, using the International Online Compassion Questionnaire. A total of 1323 nurses from 15 countries completed the questionnaire. Results: The majority of participants (59.5%) defined compassion as “Deep awareness of the suffering of others and wish to alleviate it” but definitions of compassion varied by country. Of participants, 69.6% thought compassion was very important in nursing and more than half (59.6%) of them argued that compassion could be taught. However, only 26.8% reported that the correct amount and level of teaching is provided. The majority of the participants (82.6%) stated that their patients prefer knowledgeable nurses with good interpersonal skills. Only 4.3% noted that they are receiving compassion from their managers. A significant relationship was found between nurses’ experiences of compassion and their views about teaching of compassion. Conclusion: Our study is unique in identifying the views and experiences of nurses from 15 different countries worldwide. The findings reveal that compassion is neither addressed adequately in nursing education nor supported in the practice environment by managers. Limitations: Self ‐ report bias was inherent to our survey study design. Furthermore, the individual cultural differences and similarities in the findings are difficult to extrapolate owing to the fact that our analysis was at country level, as well as at the level of the participating nurses. Implications for nursing policy: Understanding the influence of culture on nurses’ views about compassion is critical in the current multicultural healthcare environment and merits further research. This will potentially drive changes in nursing education (ensuring that compassion is taught to nurses) and in the way healthcare leaders and managers foster a compassionate culture within their organizations (e.g. by leading by example and compassionate to their staff). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]