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Introduction: Anaerobic power is an important factor determining physical performance in competitive sports. The aim of this paper is to analyze the anaerobic power of athletes involved in various competitive sports which require different forms of training, and to describe the effect of each group's specialized training over a period of one year on the anaerobic indicators defined by the 30 second Wingate test. Method: The study involved 15 soccer players (SP), 12 practitioners of martial arts (MA), 15 weightlifters (WL), 12 athletics runners (AR), and 12 race walkers (RW). Each group of athletes was of a broadly similar age and level of accomplishment. Anaerobic power was determined using the 30 second Wingate test before and after the one-year period of specialized training. Results: The parameters of total external work (Wt) and mean power (Pmean) did not vary between the groups in a statistically significant way, while maximal power output (Pmax) and fatigue index FI differed. Pmax had increased in group AR and RW as the effect of one-year training. Conclusions: An almost identical level of development was found in anaerobic power but the causative factors were different in the various groups. Only to a limited extent was the one-year specialized training an adequate stimulus for the development of anaerobic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]