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The compact Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) implementation in real-time applications is emerging everywhere because of its compact size, high accuracy, etc. But in the case of high payload based applications mini UAVs are unfit to execute the mission due to the increment in the propeller's dimensions to overcome high payload. To overcome such increment in geometry of a mini UAV for high payload issue, the co-axial propeller based propulsive system is the best alternate, which can be able to provide high thrust with compact size and more stability. Therefore, the study about coaxial propeller and its performance has emerged. Similarly, this work also deals with the comparative investigation about the cumulative thrust force effect on co-axial propeller. Aerodynamic force calculation on the co-axial propeller is executed with the help of standard aerodynamic formulae for validation purposes. The conceptual design of the coaxial propeller is modelled in CATIA. Numerical estimation of aerodynamic forces on UAV's co-axial propeller is analysed with the help of ANSYS Fluent. After the drag comparison, the distances between the propellers in the co-axial set-up are modified for optimization. Finally, the different models undergone comparative numerical simulation and thereby optimization took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railways provide a long and continuous journey for passengers and goods at an affordable cost. The rails and rail joints should be of high quality to ensure a safer transportation of people and goods. The tracks (rail) are made of alloys of iron and are fastened to other rails using fasteners. Nowadays, these fasteners are replaced with welded joints because of rising maintenance issues. Thermite welding is a globally adopted process for welding the rails. This article aims to best utilise the Aluminium composites for the welding of rails. The composites were prepared using stir casting route and a wear test was done on the casted samples to test their durability. Also, some of the mechanical properties of the composite material were found. The rail and track models were made and imported into ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. The predicted results show that aluminium composites have considerable strength when compared to any other composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]