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Background/A: Skills that enable the maintenance of productive relationships with clients are an essential aspect of therapeutic practice and include the use of therapeutic modes appropriate to clients' needs. The therapist requires a certain level of self-efficacy in order to use therapeutic modes in client–therapist interactions. Recently, a tool was developed to assess therapists' self-efficacy in the use of therapeutic modes. The structure of factors within and internal consistency of the self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use tool was examined. Methods: Occupational therapists (n=51) from the UK and Iran completed the self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use assessment tool and provided sociodemographic information. The structure of factors was examined using principal component analysis and parallel analysis; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α and inter-item correlation. Results: Parallel analysis suggested that the preferred structure has only one factor, explaining 55.2% of data variance. The items' factor loadings ranged between 0.67 and 0.80, and the scale had a Chronbach α of 0.83. Conclusions: The sum of the scale scores can be useful in occupational therapy research and audits focusing on self-efficacy in the use of therapeutic modes in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: There is no tool in Persian to examine quality of life for adolescents with cerebral palsy based on their specific conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the caregivers' report of the Quality of Life questionnaire for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP QOL). Methods: In this psychometric measurement study, the CP QOL (caregivers' report) was translated into Persian, and then its content validity, and construct validity were examined. A convenience sample of subjects including 82 parents of adolescents with cerebral palsy (13–18 years) were recruited for this study. Then, the relationship between the participants' quality of life and their level of gross motor and hand function was assessed. Findings: Internal consistency for all the questions of the questionnaire were high (0.78–0.92). There was also a significant and weak correlation between all domains of quality of life and the adolescents' gross motor function and manual abilities. Conclusions: The Persian version of the caregivers' report of the CP QOL-Teen has acceptable content validity. It is a useful tool for evaluating the quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the reliability and cross-cultural validation of the Persian translation of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: After the forward-backward translation procedures and investigation of face and content validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability was assessed between parents and occupational therapists using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Parents and therapists classified 100 children (4-18 years, mean age of 8.13 years, SD=3.40, 63 boys, 37 girls) with various types of CP using MACS. Additional data on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and accompanying conditions were also collected. Findings: The inter-rater reliability was high; the ICC was 0.96 (ranged between 0.94-0.97) among occupational therapists and parents. The ICC for the test-retest reliability was high; the ICC related to parents was 0.97 (ranged between 0.95-0.98) and the ICC related to occupational therapists was 0.97 (ranged between 0.96-0.98). Discussion: The Persian version of MACS is found to be valid and reliable, and is suggested to be appropriate for assessing the manual ability of children with CP within the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This article describes a study exploring what students with a low level of subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life perceive as the impact of the environment on their occupational behaviour in the Arabic Muslim context in Jordan. The study explored the way students explain their occupational adaptation - their dissatisfaction with environmental demands and supports and its relation to their occupational behaviour. Methods: A qualitative approach was used with a purposive sample of ten students who had been assigned as having a low level of subjective wellbeing and satisfaction with life. An in-depth interview, guided by the concepts of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), was carried out with these students to explore the cultural specifics of their environment. Findings: Many students perceive their problems to be mostly related to the discrepancy between their own established values, and the new demands of a less traditional lifestyle. A student's environment has a significant impact on the way they identify with values. Conclusions: The outcomes of the study will help counsellors understand the atmosphere of student life in the Arab Muslim context, as well as contexts with a similar perspective. It also emphasizes the importance of validating environmental elements which impact on students' occupational behaviour in different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]