1. 3D kinematic of bunched, medium and elongated sprint start
- Author
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Guy Ontanon, Christian Miller, Raphaël Dumas, Laurence Chèze, Jean Slawinski, Alice Mazure-Bonnefoy, Centre de Recherche sur le Sport et le Mouvement (CeRSM), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Fédération Française d'Athlétisme (FFA), Institut national du sport, de l'expertise et de la performance (INSEP), TeamLagardère, Centre d'expertise, Laboratoire de Cinésiologie, Willy Taillard Hopital Cantonal, Université de Genève (UNIGE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,Movement ,Phase (waves) ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Geometry ,Kinematics ,Athletic Performance ,Kinetic energy ,Running ,BIOMECANIQUE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Physics ,030229 sport sciences ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Sprint ,Athletes ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,Female ,Whole body ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the influence of 3 different horizontal distances between the blocks (bunched, medium and elongated) on the velocity of the centre of mass (V CM ) and the kinetic energy (KE) of the body segments and of the whole body. 9 well-trained sprinters performed 4 maximal 10 m sprints. An optoelectronic Motion Analysis ® system (12 digital cameras 250 Hz) was used to collect the 3D trajectories of 63 markers during the starting block phase. The results demonstrated that the elongated start, compared to the bunched or medium start, induced an increase of V CM at block clearing (2.89 ± 0.13; 2.76 ± 0.11; 2.84 ± 0.14 m.s − 1 ) and a decrease of the performance at 5 and 10 m. Both results were explained by a greater pushing time on the blocks in the elongated condition. During the starting block phase, the KE of the whole body was greater in the elongated start (324.3 ± 48.0 J vs. 317.4 ± 57.2 J, bunched and 302.1 ± 53.2 J, medium). This greater KE of the whole body was mainly explained by the KE of the head-trunk segments. Thus, to improve the effi ciency of the starting block phase, the athlete must produce greater KE of the head and trunk segments in the shortest time.
- Published
- 2012