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It has long been acknowledged that literature has the capacity to spark societal change and upend the existing quo. Writers have used the written word to stoke empathy among readers and to encourage activism via the craft of narrative. Numerous literary movements and individual works have been instrumental in changing cultural norms, influencing public opinion, and promoting justice throughout history. This article will examine the ways in which literature has sparked social change by questioning cultural conventions, igniting action, and encouraging empathy. We will examine the enormous influence literature has had on promoting social change by concentrating on particular literary movements and notable works.

Literature has always been important in forming both personal and cultural identities. Literature reflects the complexity of human identity via the representation of individuals’ experiences, cultural origins, and personal development. By exposing readers to a variety of viewpoints and tales, they help readers get a greater knowledge of their own sense of self. This article will examine the significant influence of literature on the development of identity at the individual and cultural levels. We learn how characters’ journeys operate as a mirror for readers, exposing the complexity of identity and its ever-changing nature, through examining the storylines of various literary works. Readers can see characters overcoming obstacles, considering social norms, and growing as people via these stories. Readers are prompted to consider their own personal development and the transformational potential of life events as a result of this investigation, which builds a greater awareness of the fluidity of identity. Readers are given a richer knowledge of the complexity of identity and its ongoing growth through the various viewpoints and travels portrayed in literature.

Language is a fascinating phenomenon that serves purposes beyond merely facilitating communication. It has the innate capacity to mold our views, beliefs, and interpersonal interactions. We may communicate our ideas, share our feelings, and build our understanding of the world around us through language. Language has a significant impact on how we see ourselves, communicate with others, and negotiate the complex dynamics of our social fabric, whether in personal or societal circumstances. This article’s focus is on the relevance of language and how it affects our perceptions, beliefs, and interpersonal interactions. We seek to understand the complex ways that language affects and defines our lives by examining how it communicates authority, expresses identity, and forms social interactions. The article will examine the complex link between language and its enormous impacts on our individual and social lives using examples from literature, the media, and everyday life.

Language anxiety is a common phenomenon experienced by learners while learning a foreign language. Due to its significant impact on learners, language anxiety can lead to a decrease in motivation, overall decrease in language proficiency, and a lack of participation in classroom activities. The negative correlation between proficiency and speaking anxiety is a significant issue in language learning. Distress or uneasiness of the mind caused by anxiety is an emotional encounter any language learner could have. However, speaking anxiety makes language learners feel inhibited and does not allow them to perform their tasks effectively. This paper suggests some strategies to language learners that help them cope with their speaking anxieties.

Writing is an essential component of language learning, and it provides learners with an opportunity to practice their language skills in a structured learning setting. Writing is a challenging aspect of language learning because learners need to master linguistic components of the target language and discourse community knowledge. It is a complex process that entails creating and structuring ideas and transforming them into cohesive compositions which are understandable and readable. Also, it requires a combination of skills, including critical thinking, language proficiency, and creativity to produce effective written communication. This study attempts to explore the role of developing L2 writing on language learning.

Suggestopedia is based on the idea that learning is most effective in a relaxed, and comfortable environment with music. It employs a range of techniques such as music, drama, and visualization to create learners an immersive and engaging learning environment. Suggestopedia uses the power of suggestion to eradicate negative feelings that hamper learning. Positive affirmations and suggestions are significant tools not only for the development of self-confidence but also their belief in their ability to learn which is a key factor for success. This review paper attempts to explore the advantages of employing Suggestopedia in language learning.

Reading is an essential skill that helps readers obtain information, gain knowledge, and expand their perspectives. It is a process that involves readers both decoding and comprehending written materials and is crucial for personal growth. Due to its significant role in advancing learners’ proficiency in the target language, reading plays a crucial role in language learning. It enhances vocabulary and grammar skills, improves comprehension skills, provides cultural knowledge and awareness, and serves as a motivator for learners to continue their language learning journey. This paper tries to explore the benefits of reading for the development of language skills.

Literature encompasses a wide range of genres, including fiction, poetry, and drama, and spans centuries of human experience and expression. Through literature, we can gain a deeper understanding of human nature, including its strengths, weaknesses, and complexities. The use of literature in language teaching has long been recognized as an effective way to improve language skills, deepen cultural understanding, and foster critical thinking. By reading literary texts, students can learn the language in a more natural and engaging way, internalize the language and develop their skills more quickly and effectively. This paper attempts to explore the effects of using literature in the language classroom.

Teacher-centered education and student-centered education are two different approaches to teaching and learning that have been widely debated in the field of education. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Teacher-centered education, also known as traditional education, is an approach to teaching in which the teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom. Student-centered learning on the other hand helps students become active participants in their own discovery process. This paper compares these two approaches and endeavours to summarize their advantages.

The significance of listening skills lies in the fact that it provides comprehensible input for language acquisition. Through listening, learners encounter new words and grammatical rules, develop their pronunciation and learn how to use the language in real-world context. Language learners need to interact with the speakers of the language. With this in mind, learners try to create meaning from the messages conveyed by the speaker and respond for effective communication. This paper attempts to show the importance of listening skills in language acquisition.

The Covid-19 and quarantine conditions caused great changes in people’s lives. In addition, it deeply affected human life in different aspects. Many negative effects of Covid 19 emerged over time and caused many damages. First of all, this process, which had a deep impact on people’s psychology, caused people to suffer from many psychological, mental and physiological diseases. It also left very deep economic effects and brought all sectors to a standstill in many countries of the world. Its economic effects deeply shook states as well as individuals. Although not as effective as the others, it left some political effects. In addition, it had some adverse effects on children and turned some negative behaviors into addiction. Thus, computer and internet addiction emerged in some children. The only observed positive effect of the process was on the environment. Due to the slowdown in industrial activities, some positive improvements were seen in nature again.

English is one of the most spoken languages in all over the world. Not in every country, English is used or spoken as a native language and in countries where English is not commonly used, people of it when get to foreign countries for academic purposes or other purposes, face difficulties. One major problem they go through is anxiety which is known as language learning anxiety. All individuals go through language learning anxiety at some point of their language learning careers. It is actually the feeling of tension, nervousness and fear while speaking English language which ultimately affects their oral performances. English oral performance is directly linked to the ability and skills of a person speaking that language. Three types of language learning anxiety which include trait anxiety, state anxiety and situation-specific anxiety is discussed in the paper. Effective oral performance is very important for the successful delivery of English language which could be impacted by any of the types of anxiety. In classrooms also, students who suffer from anxiety in many cases are reluctant to perform oral communication activities because of the perception they have in their mind about the poor delivery of performance. Anxiety in language learning is not just about having feared of speaking in public but it is supposed to be the one most significant element which affects learner’s English language learning in other aspects too.

Democracy is a fairly new concept in human history. The new management model created with the demands of the society as a result of the pressures of the traditional authorities has also affected the social life. In addition, democracy, which permeates all institutions of social life, has also been an important element that shapes education. After the democratization of societies started, the democratic education model aimed to raise people suitable for this situation. For this, educational processes were designed within the framework of this understanding, starting from the philosophy of education, to lectures and assessment and evaluation. John Dewey, who had a great influence in the first half of the 20th century, pioneered the democratic education model. Within the framework of his ideas, democratic education was shaped and has been continuously developed over 100 years and has been designed to meet the needs of societies.

The Enlightenment is an intellectual movement that emerged as a result of several centuries of processes in Western Europe. The main purpose of this movement is to save people from the tutelage and immaturity. In fact, where the process in which people use their own minds begins, the history of humanity underwent radical changes with the influence of other movements. In the environment where human societies and the systems that serve the society, underwent great changes, the education sector also went through the same processes. Post-enlightenment education, as a requirement of the main argument of enlightenment, was personalized and focused on the development of the individual. Educational models after this process have been in the understanding of educating people who are democratic, secular and fulfill their responsibilities towards their society and state. In addition, different philosophies and approaches in education emerged during this period. Contrary to previous periods, education has spread to the whole society and has been determined as a right that everyone will benefit equally.

Class participation is an important aspect of student learning. Classroom time is a golden opportunity for students to speak up and learn to express their ideas however, the vast majority of students struggle and are reluctant to participate which is linked to a variety of factors. This study was conducted among college students, to identify the effects of students’ self-related and external factors on their participation, whether there is a difference between the level of participation and the factors impacting it, among students of different universities. Our study demonstrated that, among all students, 66% are participating. The level of preparation is positively correlated with the frequency of participation as 87.5% of students who are fully prepared before class session participate, while only 54% of those who are not prepared are participating. Students whom their colleges evaluate them based on their class participation are more likely to participate than those students whom their colleges don’t (92% vs. 60.7%). The most common factor affecting student class participation is level of preparation before lectures followed by approach of college for their evaluation. The highest level of participation is among students of HMU followed by students of Tishk International University, and the lowest level of involvement is at Salahadin University.

The ESL classrooms plan an animated role to enhance the support for English as a second language in most of the areas of the world. The global village has dominated the context of newness and support for the use of English this is why the use of the language is increased. The need for increasing enhancement is high for the classrooms’ output in the context of production and interaction. This is why the participation rate needs to be more in the classes. The role of motivation is promising in this regard to cultivating support for more output from ESL classrooms. Motivation is an action tool that may lead to the growth of the learning process. It is a scheduled practice that may allow the learners to grow with time. Motivation is an important concern in this regard to enhance the tendency of learning. It is evaluated by Li (2020) that most of the students can learn better only because they are highly motivated while those students who are less motivated may drop the course. English is an easy language if the motivation might exist to learn it with continuity. In addition, both internal and external motivational factors are essential in this regard. Motivation has an animated role to enhance the concerns of motivation which may allow the boost to learning it not as a formality but with dedication and support (Htun, 2019). There is a dire need of applying smart tools and see the promising growth of varied instruments in this regard for the professional growth of individuals. English has justified itself to be an essential tool in moving ahead in the world. The analysis has evaluated the motivation role with the aid of relevant tools of qualitative investigation plan of methodology via secondary analysis support.

Technology is one of the important factors of progressing the teaching/learning process in the schools and universities especially for the English language teaching. It can help the teacher to present a better lesson to students. Technology is very necessary for the field of education because there are too many things that the teachers can do such as playing videos in English language or a song, movie and even a theatre show. Now a days using technology is very common in the world; however, Kurdistan public schools do not use any technology in their classes except the private schools. The ministry of education has neglected this most important factor in this age. In the pandemic most of the countries faced problems in studying in the schools because of the lock down. Most countries seek to use the technology to finish the school year and they successfully finished their school year by using E Learning and Online Zoom even other resources to rich the learning process but in Kurdistan the schools do not use any kinds of technology and our students are not familiar with the online systems and E learning because we do not apply such valuable recourses in our schools that’s why in this year we have encountered a lot of problems of finishing the schools year because our students did not know how to use and access them easily. In this research my aim is to find out the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in the education and what are the reasons for not using technology in Kurdistan schools until now.

It is a socio-linguistically-oriented explanation of the speech usage pattern and attitude of two French-speaking groups in Leeds and Ealing, London. Two related case studies make up this collection. Pupil, parents, and instructors as of two French supplemental schools are included in the study. There are no burly claims to generalize further than the learning participant; however, addition of adults and children in the study helps shed light on the sociolinguistic status of French ancestry people living in the United Kingdom, a community that has been understudied. It is also a good way to look at things from different generations. This article has covered a wide variety of topics related to the history, population, locations, and socioeconomic classes of French communities in the United Kingdom. Also, the study looked at the connections between French culture’s language, religion, and self-identity. “French people still struggle with how to identify themselves, as a group and/or individually, as well as how to belong to a group and yet present a separate identity,” Fighting for words is at the core of this conflict. This focuses on the importance of French in the construction of both national and European identities. The researchers also look at the connection between French language proficiency and French diaspora identities as part of this project.

Despite the massive amount of studies on motivation and motivation related issues, an issue yet to be investigated is motivational techniques that are used by university teachers of Kurdistan. Hence, this study aims to investigate the primary strategies lecturers use to motivate their pupils in EFL classrooms on tertiary level. To realize this purpose, a qualitative method is used to provide detailed information about the subject matter by conducting interviews with six experienced teachers to share their insights and knowledge on motivational techniques. Our analysis has revealed that the motivational techniques used by the teachers are classified into two major categories; the techniques that are used inside of classrooms and the techniques that are outside of classrooms. The results help readers to get a clear sense about the main strategies that are used by these teachers. These techniques can also give EFL teachers beneficial information so that they can use it in their classes to secure the motivational level of their students

For many people who work as presenters, lecturers, or public speakers, they use many tools to deliver their messages besides verbal language. Body Language is the nonverbal aspect of any face-to-face communication, and it is an effective way to establish an authentic relationship between the addresser and the addressee. We learn body language from our childhood just like learning spoken language, without realizing that we do. The difference is that while our linguistic mistakes are corrected, our body language mistakes can be missed or misinterpreted, so we grow up communicating not in the way we should. This paper will tackle types of body language and deal with some differences that are encountered in different cultures in terms of using body movements that accompany speech. The paper will be devoted to exploring how to read basic body language, and as an example, reading body language in terms of gender differences will be discussed. It will also provide information about the teacher’s nonverbal behavior, and finally will deal briefly with the student’s body language and how it is recognized by the teacher.

Language teaching generally puts the emphasis on the development of four basic skills; listening, speaking, reading and writing. With this in mind, teaching culture was neglected in the language classroom. However, with the advent of communicative language teaching in the late 1970s the interrelatedness of language and culture became clear and language teachers experienced a swing against including culture in language teaching. Language and culture are inseparable and mutually reinforcing; in addition, without fully understanding culture, it is hard to acquire a language. Linguistic proficiency alone does not help language learners develop intercultural communication. This paper aims to explore the relationship between culture and language and attempts to show why culture holds an important place in language learning.

The use of literature was the ultimate goal in the language classroom when the grammar-translation method was popular in language teaching. In the 1960s and 1970s the use of literature in the language classroom lost its prestige because the grammar-translation method fell into disuse. The widespread assumption was that literature was complex hence only linguistically competent learners were able to understand it. However, in the 1970s and 1980s literature emerged as a contributing force in language teaching and since then it has been used in the language classroom to promote language proficiency development. Although its incorporation in language teaching is still a matter of debate today, literature has the potential to foster language learning. Literature is a potentially worthwhile source to help learners with language development, cultural improvement and personal growth. This article explores the benefits of using literature in the language classroom. More specifically, the article focuses on the contributions of literature to language acquisition.

Working abroad helps teachers have a global perspective and enable them to become aware of global affairs. Teachers with international experience stands a better chance for professional and personal development. They not only enhance their teaching skills but also become more social. The skills they develop while working abroad make a difference in the lives of their students. Through transferring what they have learnt abroad to their home country, they can enhance the success of their students. This article presents the reasons why teachers need international experience and what changes they bring home.

As globalization raises new threats, so does the need to be globally skilled. The ability of teachers to be globally capable will allow them to participate in and explore solutions to issues in society. In the 21st century people are faced with more complicated events than they used to be and their global ability to interpret these things in confidence is more important than it used to be. Teachers have the key role to encourage people to deal with global issues as they are at the center of learning. Teachers are at the heart of every educational system. In order to help people to be aware of global issues, their professional development holds a very significant place. If teachers are not educated at a sufficient quality level, they are not expected to find solutions to global problems. This paper defines global education from different perspectives and stresses the elements global education should focus on.

Promoting harmony within diversity has become a goal of both global education and multicultural education. Schools need to help students to become more culturally aware today. Teachers who study abroad can enable diverse groups to live in harmony. Individuals need to promote respect and mutual understanding to function in modern diverse societies. Unless people develop better inter-community relations, a cohesive and tolerant society cannot be created. Study abroad experience helps teachers develop increased cultural awareness as they acquire more cultural knowledge and cultural sensitivity while studying abroad. It has been assumed that teachers who study abroad can work more effectively in an intercultural context. This article attempts to explain whether study abroad experience allows teachers to encourage students to recognize the diversity of cultures and values.

Teacher commitment is an internal force that derives teachers to invest more time and energy in keeping up involvement in the school. This willingness of promoting the school creates emotional link between teachers and the school which ultimately inspires teachers to seek ways to enhance teaching profession and establish an effective learning environment to allow students to reach their targets. Commitment to teaching is a crucial factor to contribute to the achievement of students. This study explores the role of teacher commitment in student achievement.

Passion has a motivating factor; therefore, it is a significant need for high quality learning and teaching. Passion is seeking for the new, and experiencing new ideas. Passion is on the basis of effective teaching. Passion which is indispensable for learning and teaching facilitates learning thorough desire and enthusiasm it creates. Passionate teachers via creating effective learning environments endeavor to increase learning potentials of their students. This study focuses on differences passionate teachers make, and points out the effects of passion on effective learning and teaching.

This paper briefly discusses existing models of communicative competence. Theory of communicative competence, which started in the late 1960s, originates from Chomsky‘s distinction of competence and performance. Chomsky‘s term ‘linguistic competence’ was found narrow and inadequate so Hymes, Canale and Swain, and Bachman and Palmer elaborated on this term and introduced broader definitions.

Literature has always been important in forming both personal and cultural identities. Literature reflects the complexity of human identity via the representation of individuals' experiences, cultural origins, and personal development. By exposing readers to a variety of viewpoints and tales, they help readers get a greater knowledge of their own sense of self. This article will examine the significant influence of literature on the development of identity at the individual and cultural levels. We learn how characters' journeys operate as a mirror for readers, exposing the complexity of identity and its ever-changing nature, through examining the storylines of various literary works. Readers can see characters overcoming obstacles, considering social norms, and growing as people via these stories. Readers are prompted to consider their own personal development and the transformational potential of life events as a result of this investigation, which builds a greater awareness of the fluidity of identity. Readers are given a richer knowledge of the complexity of identity and its ongoing growth through the various viewpoints and travels portrayed in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is a fascinating phenomenon that serves purposes beyond merely facilitating communication. It has the innate capacity to mold our views, beliefs, and interpersonal interactions. We may communicate our ideas, share our feelings, and build our understanding of the world around us through language. Language has a significant impact on how we see ourselves, communicate with others, and negotiate the complex dynamics of our social fabric, whether in personal or societal circumstances. This article's focus is on the relevance of language and how it affects our perceptions, beliefs, and interpersonal interactions. We seek to understand the complex ways that language affects and defines our lives by examining how it communicates authority, expresses identity, and forms social interactions. The article will examine the complex link between language and its enormous impacts on our individual and social lives using examples from literature, the media, and everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been acknowledged that literature has the capacity to spark societal change and upend the existing quo. Writers have used the written word to stoke empathy among readers and to encourage activism via the craft of narrative. Numerous literary movements and individual works have been instrumental in changing cultural norms, influencing public opinion, and promoting justice throughout history. This article will examine the ways in which literature has sparked social change by questioning cultural conventions, igniting action, and encouraging empathy. We will examine the enormous influence literature has had on promoting social change by concentrating on particular literary movements and notable works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suggestopedia is based on the idea that learning is most effective in a relaxed, and comfortable environment with music. It employs a range of techniques such as music, drama, and visualization to create learners an immersive and engaging learning environment. Suggestopedia uses the power of suggestion to eradicate negative feelings that hamper learning. Positive affirmations and suggestions are significant tools not only for the development of self-confidence but also their belief in their ability to learn which is a key factor for success. This review paper attempts to explore the advantages of employing Suggestopedia in language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing is an essential component of language learning, and it provides learners with an opportunity to practice their language skills in a structured learning setting. Writing is a challenging aspect of language learning because learners need to master linguistic components of the target language and discourse community knowledge. It is a complex process that entails creating and structuring ideas and transforming them into cohesive compositions which are understandable and readable. Also, it requires a combination of skills, including critical thinking, language proficiency, and creativity to produce effective written communication. This study attempts to explore the role of developing L2 writing on language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language anxiety is a common phenomenon experienced by learners while learning a foreign language. Due to its significant impact on learners, language anxiety can lead to a decrease in motivation, overall decrease in language proficiency, and a lack of participation in classroom activities. The negative correlation between proficiency and speaking anxiety is a significant issue in language learning. Distress or uneasiness of the mind caused by anxiety is an emotional encounter any language learner could have. However, speaking anxiety makes language learners feel inhibited and does not allow them to perform their tasks effectively. This paper suggests some strategies to language learners that help them cope with their speaking anxieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading is an essential skill that helps readers obtain information, gain knowledge, and expand their perspectives. It is a process that involves readers both decoding and comprehending written materials and is crucial for personal growth. Due to its significant role in advancing learners' proficiency in the target language, reading plays a crucial role in language learning. It enhances vocabulary and grammar skills, improves comprehension skills, provides cultural knowledge and awareness, and serves as a motivator for learners to continue their language learning journey. This paper tries to explore the benefits of reading for the development of language skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature encompasses a wide range of genres, including fiction, poetry, and drama, and spans centuries of human experience and expression. Through literature, we can gain a deeper understanding of human nature, including its strengths, weaknesses, and complexities. The use of literature in language teaching has long been recognized as an effective way to improve language skills, deepen cultural understanding, and foster critical thinking. By reading literary texts, students can learn the language in a more natural and engaging way, internalize the language and develop their skills more quickly and effectively. This paper attempts to explore the effects of using literature in the language classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher-centered education and student-centered education are two different approaches to teaching and learning that have been widely debated in the field of education. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Teacher-centered education, also known as traditional education, is an approach to teaching in which the teacher is the primary source of knowledge and authority in the classroom. Student-centered learning on the other hand helps students become active participants in their own discovery process. This paper compares these two approaches and endeavours to summarize their advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of listening skills lies in the fact that it provides comprehensible input for language acquisition. Through listening, learners encounter new words and grammatical rules, develop their pronunciation and learn how to use the language in real-world context. Language learners need to interact with the speakers of the language. With this in mind, learners try to create meaning from the messages conveyed by the speaker and respond for effective communication. This paper attempts to show the importance of listening skills in language acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 and quarantine conditions caused great changes in people's lives. In addition, it deeply affected human life in different aspects. Many negative effects of Covid 19 emerged over time and caused many damages. First of all, this process, which had a deep impact on people's psychology, caused people to suffer from many psychological, mental and physiological diseases. It also left very deep economic effects and brought all sectors to a standstill in many countries of the world. Its economic effects deeply shook states as well as individuals. Although not as effective as the others, it left some political effects. In addition, it had some adverse effects on children and turned some negative behaviors into addiction. Thus, computer and internet addiction emerged in some children. The only observed positive effect of the process was on the environment. Due to the slowdown in industrial activities, some positive improvements were seen in nature again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English is one of the most spoken languages in all over the world. Not in every country, English is used or spoken as a native language and in countries where English is not commonly used, people of it when get to foreign countries for academic purposes or other purposes, face difficulties. One major problem they go through is anxiety which is known as language learning anxiety. All individuals go through language learning anxiety at some point of their language learning careers. It is actually the feeling of tension, nervousness and fear while speaking English language which ultimately affects their oral performances. English oral performance is directly linked to the ability and skills of a person speaking that language. Three types of language learning anxiety which include trait anxiety, state anxiety and situation-specific anxiety is discussed in the paper. Effective oral performance is very important for the successful delivery of English language which could be impacted by any of the types of anxiety. In classrooms also, students who suffer from anxiety in many cases are reluctant to perform oral communication activities because of the perception they have in their mind about the poor delivery of performance. Anxiety in language learning is not just about having feared of speaking in public but it is supposed to be the one most significant element which affects learner's English language learning in other aspects too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Democracy is a fairly new concept in human history. The new management model created with the demands of the society as a result of the pressures of the traditional authorities has also affected the social life. In addition, democracy, which permeates all institutions of social life, has also been an important element that shapes education. After the democratization of societies started, the democratic education model aimed to raise people suitable for this situation. For this, educational processes were designed within the framework of this understanding, starting from the philosophy of education, to lectures and assessment and evaluation. John Dewey, who had a great influence in the first half of the 20th century, pioneered the democratic education model. Within the framework of his ideas, democratic education was shaped and has been continuously developed over 100 years and has been designed to meet the needs of societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Enlightenment is an intellectual movement that emerged as a result of several centuries of processes in Western Europe. The main purpose of this movement is to save people from the tutelage and immaturity. In fact, where the process in which people use their own minds begins, the history of humanity underwent radical changes with the influence of other movements. In the environment where human societies and the systems that serve the society, underwent great changes, the education sector also went through the same processes. Post-enlightenment education, as a requirement of the main argument of enlightenment, was personalized and focused on the development of the individual. Educational models after this process have been in the understanding of educating people who are democratic, secular and fulfill their responsibilities towards their society and state. In addition, different philosophies and approaches in education emerged during this period. Contrary to previous periods, education has spread to the whole society and has been determined as a right that everyone will benefit equally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESL classrooms plan an animated role to enhance the support for English as a second language in most of the areas of the world. The global village has dominated the context of newness and support for the use of English this is why the use of the language is increased. The need for increasing enhancement is high for the classrooms' output in the context of production and interaction. This is why the participation rate needs to be more in the classes. The role of motivation is promising in this regard to cultivating support for more output from ESL classrooms. Motivation is an action tool that may lead to the growth of the learning process. It is a scheduled practice that may allow the learners to grow with time. Motivation is an important concern in this regard to enhance the tendency of learning. It is evaluated by Li (2020) that most of the students can learn better only because they are highly motivated while those students who are less motivated may drop the course. English is an easy language if the motivation might exist to learn it with continuity. In addition, both internal and external motivational factors are essential in this regard. Motivation has an animated role to enhance the concerns of motivation which may allow the boost to learning it not as a formality but with dedication and support (Htun, 2019). There is a dire need of applying smart tools and see the promising growth of varied instruments in this regard for the professional growth of individuals. English has justified itself to be an essential tool in moving ahead in the world. The analysis has evaluated the motivation role with the aid of relevant tools of qualitative investigation plan of methodology via secondary analysis support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]