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The aim of this paper is to present a new technology being used to help laryngologists and voice pathologists to make a correct diagnosis of voice disorders and monitor progress in voice therapy. Such technology enables outpatient procedures to gather a wide array of information not only for laryngologists but also for voice pathologists, thus making it easier to work together. This informative paper reviews and presents the evaluation process, normative parameters, prole and clinical implications of all these armamentarium.

This work aims to focus on the real ground problem power and water the CAD design focused on the power in remote area and clean and drinkable water in coastline area of the world. This is conceptually investigating the solar chimney and designs the energy ow in evaluating the system's feasibility. The piece starts with creating a model of the solar chimney and its comparison to experimental observations, demonstrating that the results. The model represents a steady temperature and velocity inside the chimney, allowing for the development of a basic model of the chimney that provides accurate results. Finally, a modication of solar chimney and other systems put in a structure is simulated the uid collection and power generation.

Paper mill effluent contains organic and inorganic toxic materials, which affects the soil physico-chemical parameters and microbial population and its diversity. Phenol is one of the toxic aromatic compounds which have deleterious effects on soil micro flora as well as on vegetation in effluent affected areas. In the present study, the physico-chemi- cal parameters of paper mill effluents obtained from Nagaon Paper Mill (NPM), Jagiroad, Assam were analysed. All total nine strains, capable of growing in phenol containing MSM medium at a concentration range of 100 to1000ppm, were isolated. Pure cultures of phenol-degrading microbial strains were obtained by growing on enrichment medium (Mineral salt medium) containing 500ppm. Three strains were found to be efficient among the nine strains, which is confirmed by measuring their capability of phenol degrada- tion with respect to incubation time. This study provides scope for future study of identification of phylogenetically closely related species for phenol degradation in industrial wastes and their use in eco-friendly and more economic way, with the development of technology.

Production of microbial enzymes at the commercial level is most actively grown area of research now a day. Screening of potential strains from new sources and there by optimizing production conditions for industrial use. Cellulase is one of the several commercial enzymes which have been used in various industries like paper and pulp, textile, bio-fuel production, detergents, feed and food industry and brewing etc. Recently application of cellulase in biofuel production and de-inking of paper has further driven the attention of research towards cellulase. Hence research is required to screen different diverse habitats for potential cellulase producing microorganism to lower down the cost of production. This research is focused on the isolation and characterization of cellulase producing bacteria from paper mill waste as a new source of possible substrate for cellulase production and further optimizing the different production parameter to improve the cellulase production. Paper sludge is chosen as a source because it is a waste and its disposal is a cause of environmental concern. This work also involves characterization of isolated enzyme from bacteria present in the paper sludge by checking its stability at varying pH and temperatures. The characterization of enzyme is required to develop efficient application of enzyme in the textile industry.

INTRODUCTION: Perforation of tympanic membrane constitutes a major portion of patients attending ENT OPD for which they are advised surgical procedures. Most of the cases with small perforations can be managed by doing OPD procedure of cautery patching and hence surgical procedure can be avoided. METHODS: The study was conducted in the tertiary hospital from August 2018 to July 2019. The patients were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria after doing clinical examination, and audiometry. All the patients underwent cautery patching with tincture ferri perchloride and patch placed. The patients were followed up weekly till the perforation was completely closed or uptill 3 months. RESULTS: Total of 65 patients was included in the study. Most common etiology of perforation was inflammatory involving anteroinferior quadrant as most common etiology with success achieved in 56 patients. CONCLUSION: patients with small central dry perforation of tympanic membrane, cautery patching using tincture ferri per chloride and paper patching gives good results comparing to the surgical procedure, while ablating the morbidity and psychological trauma of the surgery.

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is a serious problem in multicarrier modulation systems. In this paper reduction of PAPR of the Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC CDMA) signals are done using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Companding on Rayleigh fading channel with AWGN noise. It is analyzed and implemented using MATLAB. Simulation results for different modulation techniques and using both Mu-law & A-law of companding are analyzed by evaluating complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) & PAPR which shows the substan- tial reduction in PAPR of the MC CDMA signal.

Population scenario comes towards India by means of increasing industries. The fruitful efforts of industries lead to develop India. As the industries increases also the waste coming from them at the end of product. At the end of survey result coming that the amount of the approximately 250 to 300 million tonnes of industrial wastes are being produced every year by chemical and agricultural process in India. It is very essential to dispose these wastes safely without affecting health of human being, environment, fertile land, sources of water bodies, etc. These wastes have number of impurities which adversely af- fect the strength, durability, and other properties of building materials based on them. Paper producing industries produce a large amount of solid waste. For achieving high quality paper, the fibers which are used a limited number of times till they reach their weak stage. Many companies burn their sludge in incinerators which leads towards air pollution. So the paper presents the management of the wastes coming from paper industries.

In this 21st century the Internet has made revolutionary impact on all aspects of human life. Out of all, banking operations have greater impact of ICT on its day-today happenings. An e-cash payment system is one of the evidence of impact of internet and information Communication technology jargons. In this process a consumer/client opens an account with the banking organization or other which could give and receive money in the digital coins form. In the case client's account is deposited in the form of real money, as it is attached to the client's checking account in reality. e-CashElectronic Cash Payment: a System without Use of Paper or Coins

The present investigations will be taken in view that so far use of bio-diesel and blends with diesel have been taken up, but very limited work has been noticed in systematic and scientific manner to govern the parameters. Experiments will be carried out on four stroke, single cylinder, compression ignition, water cooled engine. Taguchi research method- ology will be adopted after due observations. The aim of this work is focused on blends of petroleum diesel, bio-diesel and oxygenat- ing additives (1% to 5%) for compression ignition engines. The motivational intentional point is to view better performance on the ground of Brake thermal efficiency, Volumetric efficiency, Brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust emission parameters is also looking to have opportunities related to rural development by way of providing additional job opportunities on renewable basis with reduction of global worming.

In this study, yttria stabilized zirconia is used as ceramic coating in low heat rejection engine concepts. The coating is carried out by plasma spray method on cylinder liner and intake and exhaust valves of single cylin- der four stroke SI engine. A comparative evaluation is carried out between different blends of methanol-petrol. The effect of different blends and ceramic coating on engine performance and emissions are observed.

Pulp stones are seen to be a fairly common nding in most routine radiographs but they have been given relatively less attention in research as well as textbooks. New investigations have been done in abundance when it comes to their prevalence as well as etiological factors. Despite numerous studies, their formation still remains a riddle for endodontists and researchers alike. Historical perspective of pulp stones being an age dependent process are now being questioned as more studies report their prevalence in young population. This review article evaluates the recent studies pertaining to pulpal calcications where newer etiological factors as well as molecular factors have been highlighted in their formation. Their signicance has been largely studied correlating their occurrence with various other systemic calcications.

Xylanase is an industrially important enzyme which degrades xylan randomly and produces xylo-oligosac- charides, xylobiose and xylose. It has a role in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, increasing pulp brightness, addi- tive in animal feedstock to improve its nutritional value and can be used for ethanol production. A new isolate E8 was isolated from degraded saw dust on potato dextrose agar plates at pH 5.2 at 30°C. This isolate was identified by using 16s rDNA amplification and sequencing and subsequent analysis using BLAST as Bacillus atrophaeus E8. The 16S rDNA gene sequence Bacillus atrophaeus E8 was deposited in GenBank with the accession number JX658789. Free xylanase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 35°C temperature. Immobilized xylanase showed higher pH (6.0) and temperature (55°C) stability then free enzyme. Immobilized enzyme can be reused 2-3 times under assay conditions.

The isolated Bacillus species was found to decolourize commercial azo dye Acid red 14. The isolate could decolourize the azo dye upto 300 mg/l in minimal medium without nutritional supplements. Effect of various nitrogen sources beef extract, yeast extract, peptone at 0.05% and ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride at 0.1 % and in combinations were studied on decolourization of the Acid red 14 by Bacillus species. 81% decolourization was observed in the presence of 0.1% of ammonium chloride in combination of 0.05% yeast extract as compared to other nitrogen sources. The decol- ourization was monitored for 72 h using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. 6 tonnes and more than 10,000 differ- ent synthetic dyes and pigments are produced annually world wide and used extensively in dye and printing industries. It is estimated that about 10% of these are lost in industrial efflu- ents 1 . Synthetic dyes have a wide application in the food, pharmaceuti- cals, textile, leather, cosmetics and paper industries due to their ease of production, fastness and variety of colour compared to natural dyes. As synthetic dyes are relatively resistant to biodeg- radation, the elimination of coloured effluents in wastewater is based mainly on physical and chemical methods2. The dis- charge of dyes into the environment impedes light penetration and then toxic to food chain organisms and to aquatic life. Degradation of azo dyes by means of physical and chemical methods in waste water are recently done which are not vi- able options for treating large waste streams and cost prohibi- tive 3

The present work was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of seed powder extracted from Moringa oleif- era seeds which are commonly available in most rural communities. The main objective of this work is to evalu- ate the some physicochemical parameters and efficiency of a natural absorbent from Moringa oleifera seeds in treating river water. During this study, Vamsadhara river water samples were collected for treatment by Moringa seeds powder, resulting in an effective natural clarification agent for highly turbid and untreated pathogenic water. Various doses of Moringa seed powder viz. 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were taken and checked for the efficiency dose on raw river water. After treatment of seed powder with water samples were analyzed for different physical parameter like pH, Turbidity, TDS and electrical conductivity and chemical parameters like Hardness, Alkalinity and Chlorides. All parameters were reduced with increasing dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/l seed powder respectively (ex- cept alkalinity and pH). Application of this low cost Moringa oleifera seeds is recommended for simplified, eco-friendly and nontoxic water treatment where rural and peri-urban people living in extreme poverty presently drinking highly turbid and microbiologically contaminated water.

Cuddalore Sandstone Series is one of the Tertiary sediments of India. The rock system contains many petri- fied woods of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In the present report, one piece of petrified wood having affinity with Eucalyptus wood was described. This is the first report of fossilized Eucalyptus wood from this sediment. Fossil wood having affinity with living Eucalyptus wood had already reported from the Deccan Intertrappean bed of India. But the authenticity of this report was questioned by Rozefeldes (1996). The present report confirm the occurrence of Eucalyptus wood from the Tertiary sedi- ments of India.

To remove colouring impurities from the effluent waste water of Sanganeri dyeing and printing units, a green approach has been made. We tried single viz; fine powder of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves powder and Blackberry( Syzygium cumini)bark powder as well as their varied proportions as mixed bio-adsorbents. The efficiency to remove colour and certain heavy metals from effluent water, the application of mixed bio-adsorbents proved to be more useful than the ap- plication of single bio-adsorbents. The results were justified by the measurement of optical density, conductivity and pH of the effluent water before and after treatment with adsorbents. The effectiveness of adsorption is further justified by Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms.

It is generally accepted that after cane has been cut or burnt, it immediately starts deterioration. Burnt cane is known to deteriorate faster than unburnt (green) cane. Burning directly destroys some sugar and also promotes chemical changes that facilitate degradation of sucrose levels and purity. On the other hand the accumulation of impurities, dextran in particular, that results from burning, directly affects the processing and recovery of sugar, with these difficulties increasing as the proportion of burnt cane increases. The present work made an attempt to assess the difference clarification parameters of the burnt cane juice obtained by different sugarcane varieties and applying different flocculants. Experiments have shown decrease in weight, pol, purity and pH and also increase in brix, settling time and turbidity of burnt cut cane juice.

Drying is one of the method of food preservation. Drying preserves foods by removing enough moisture from food to prevent decay and spoilage. Drying of foods, the key is to remove moisture as quickly as possible at a temperature that does not seriously affect the flavor, texture and color of the food. If the temperature is too low in the beginning, microorganisms may survive and even grow before the food is adequately dried. Hard coating of fruit is more difficult for moisture to escape and the food does not dry properly. Some of these materials are heat-sensitive and require careful drying. Drying can be detrimental to the retention of bioactive ingredients. High temperature tends to damage and denature the product, destroy active ingredients, cause case hardening and discoloration, etc. This article briefly summarizes some of the innovative drying methods and selected new developments applicable to drying processing. Food preservation can reduce wastage of a harvest surplus, allow storage for food shortages, and in some cases facilitate export to high-value markets.

Natural steam fiber jute is generally used for furnishing goods floor covering and decorative items. Rural and village peoples are highly skilled to make the crafts. This craftsman suffering to face the colour strength problem to manufactured the craft. In that problem can overcome using some chemical dyes. Reactive is an excellent fastness dye to light, wash and brilliants of shades. Disperse dyes are the organic coloring substances free from ionizing groups with low water solubility. This study focus the comparison of colour fastness properties of 100% jute Reactive Orange M2R dyed and disperse blue BN dyed fabric. These were investigated the colour fastness to crocking (dry and wet), perspiration (acid), Sunlight and Laundering. The dyed treated jute fabric was evaluated by AATCC method. From the analysis we observed the reactive dyed jute fabric shows very good result in colour fastness.

The objective of this study was to develop a treatment system that can effectively reduce the concentration of colloidal particles in raw water. Among the various techniques, coagulation and flocculation is the conven- tional method used to remove colloidal substances. Sago starch is used as a coagulant. The influence of pH, temperature, coagulant dosages on the coagulation process was studied and conditions were optimized corresponding to the best removal of colloids, color, total solids, chlorides, hardness and decrease in turbidity. 100% reduction of colour from raw water was achieved by using the op- timum coagulant dosage (0.1 and0.2g/l) in the optimum pH range (6 and7). 70 - 100% reduction of turbidity was also achieved in the same optimized conditions. Higher dosages did not significantly increase pollutant removal and were not economical. The results provide useful information for raw water treatment with sago.

A study was carried out using marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria subuliformis with coir pith for the reduc- tion of physico-chemical parameters and simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper and chromium in textile effluent. Better result was shown in combined treatment using O. subuliformis along with coir pith when compared to control.

The present study has focused on the ability of rumen consortium to absorb the heavy metals. It is well known that the chronic inhalation of hexavalent chromium compounds increases risk of lung cancer. There has been an increase in chromium pollution in surface waters because of Electroplating, leather tanning, Coal and oil combustion and textile industries. Hence, a new method of using rumen fluid collected from slaughter house to treat chromium polluted area has been tried out in this study. The rumen consortium was inoculated in nutrient broth containing metal solutions in the concentration of 50- 200ppm. The atomic absorption studies showed that the rumen consortium was able to tolerate a maximum of 150ppm chromium solution and the chromium removal was found to be 12.5% after 48 hrs. The percentage of chromium removal decreased with increas- ing metal concentration. The absorption was also confirmed by diphenyl carbazide method which was analysed in spectrophotometer at 540nm. From the studies mentioned above, it has been confirmed that the Cr(VI) in the maximum concentration of 150ppm has been absorbed by rumen consortia. Summary of the paper: Heavy metal pollution has become a big environmental threat which slowly destroys the ecosystem in many ways either in water bodies or land. The removal of heavy metals using rumen consortia, slaughter house waste has been tried out in this study. The standard chromium solution which was prepared in the concentration of 100ppm was used for the experiments. To summarise, rumen fluid has the capacity to remove chromium solution in a maximum concentration of 150ppm. Hence this study will surely provide us a path to treat the effluents containing heavy metals in a much more effective manner.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sugar industry effluent on locally cultivated variety of green gram LGG 460. The physicochemical parameters like pH, TDS(510mg/l), BOD(550mg/l), COD(680mg/l), EC(1.056), chloride(162mg/l), sulphate(12) were analysed. The chemical parameters indicate that there is high organic and inor- ganic content, high amount of suspended solids and acidic load. Regular use of this effluent adversely affect the soil and crop yield. A study was conducted to know the effects of different concentrations ( 20, 40, 60, 80, 100) of sugar industry effluent on seed germi- nation of green gram LGG 460. The study reveals that the germination efficiency is reduced due to low pH 6.5 and other chemical parameters of effluent water. In low concentrations the seeds thrive better and at high concentrations the seeds are affected. Ger- mination rate decreased with increasing concentration of effluent. Sugar industry effluent: For the present study, sugar industry effluent was collected from a nearby sugar industry in Krishna district. The sample was collected in a pre cleaned tin and bottles. Standard procedure (BIS) was followed for the collection and analysis of sugar industry effluent. The physico-chemical prop- erties of the effluent namely pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxy- gen Demand (COD), Total Dissolve Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Hardness (TH), Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride and Sulphate were analyzed. 3. Experimental Set-Up

Mango is one of the most important tropical fruits and India ranks first in its world production. During the processing of mango, mainly for mango pulp, peel is a by-product. Peel forms about 15-20% of the whole fruit and at present it is a waste product and its disposal has become a great problem. With a view to exploit mango peel as a source of valuable components, in the present study, carotenoids, ascorbic acid content and radical scavenging activity of peels of three Indian mango varieties, namely, Deshehari, Chausa and Fazli were determined. The carotenoids contents in these peels ranged from 4.8 to 6.09 mg/g dry peel. Ascorbic acid content ranged from 20.21 to 42.07 mg/100g dry peel. Radical scavenging activity was not signifi- cantly different among these three varieties of mango.

This systematic review is the product of 10 top published journals. The search engines adopted in this study were PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Research gate. The inclusion criteria were:1. Papers published between 2004-2020, 2. Top tier journal articles (High quality), 3. Term Mobility and rst stage of labor, duration of labor, Maternal and neonatal outcome. The present highlight is that the active phase of labor enhances the effect of gravity that helps the fetus to descend comfortably as there is adequate space to move downwards as the diameter of the pelvis expands to its maximum. The pressure on the nerve in the spine during labor is reduced and thus reducing and relieving pain. If the membranes are intact, the woman is allowed to walk about. This attitude prevents vena cava compression and encourages descent of the head. Ambulation can reduce the duration of labor, need for analgesia and improve maternal comfort. Mobilization improves frequency, strength and length of contractions, decreases the use of oxytocin to augment labor and improves oxygen supply to the fetus. It improves alignment of pelvic bones and the shape and capacity of pelvis, and optimizes the good t between fetus and pelvis. This paper shows the research gaps from different studies in the review of the literature. In this present study of systematic review, 10 recent multiple interventions based on RCTs and Non RCTs studies between 2004 to 2020 were systematically reviewed using the keywords search method. The ndings are discussed and research gaps are listed accordingly Systematic review on Mobility/Ambulation during the First Stage of Labor

In application development software, we need to model the data which is stored in a database. ER diagrams shows what type of data to be stored in the table or database. ER diagram can express the logical structure of the database graphically. The graphical representation of a system will be more comprehensible and easy to understand. The purpose of this paper is to identify entities and their attributes form user requirements using NLP and to combine requirement gathering technics and create tool for elicit entity and their attributes. In this study, we use NLP and its components for collecting entities and their attributes. The main aim of this paper is that to nd out entities and their attributes in order to generate diagrams such as ERDs. The purpose of this paper is to assist the business analyst and stakeholder to avoiding unnecessary work and complexity during the requirement analysis phase.

Recent years have seen an increase in the production of nanoparticles in commercial as well as industrial usage. The uniquely engineered nanoparticles provide a massive advantage to humanity but also come with a certain disadvantage. This has resulted in the exposure of these particles in dangerous amounts to the living organisms in the ecosystem. This paper discusses the effects of Iron oxide(Fe3O4) and Titanium Dioxide(TiO2) nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems. This is a review of the effects on fauna, emphasising the effects on various body systems, such as the digestive, endocrine, and circulatory systems. It also reviews the ora of the aquatic environment based on past papers, journals and experiments conducted in labs using various model organisms such as algae and nematodes to determine the effects and variations of these particles on their anatomy. The review was done using an online database from Google Scholar and several other reputed websites

This paper provides a critical evaluation of the use of Articial Intelligence in laparoscopic surgery. It aims to evaluate and identify the feasibility of implementing machine learning in existing surgical robots to perform autonomous surgery. More specically, it looks at whether a machine learning algorithm, given a set of simple instructions, can perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy autonomously. It evaluates the ability of such an algorithm to identify various parts of the body during the surgery and whether it can follow short instructions step-by-step in an organised manner to conduct the surgery. The paper also considers the feasibility of implementing such an algorithm in an existing surgical robot such as the da Vinci Xi. The paper begins by evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a robotic cholecystectomy. It looks at the various machines used for this purpose and assesses their abilities and limitations. It then aims to identify which of these machines is most suitable for performing autonomous surgery using machine learning. It then looks at the current use of autonomous surgery in the medical eld and its implementation to date. It evaluates which algorithms are suitable for this purpose and to what extent they can function. Finally, it gives the limitations of this method and the unexplored factors of this research

This paper discussed the use of Fourier series frequently in theoretical studies of periodic and non-periodic signals. A periodic signal can be represented by a Fourier series which is formed, by adding together an innite number of harmonics at frequencies which are multiples of the fundamental repetitive frequency of the signal sequence. With the use of Fourier series, we can resolve the signal X(t)=x(t+nT) ∶n=±1,±2,⋯ into an innite sum of sine and cosine terms to obtain spectral representation of a signal. The Fourier Transform is a tool that breaks a waveform (a function or signal) into an alternate representation, characterized by sine and cosines. The Fourier Transform shows that any waveform can be re-written as the sum of sinusoidal functions. The Fourier series is used to represent a periodic function by a discrete sum of complex exponentials, while the Fourier transform is then used to represent a general, non-periodic function by a continuous superposition or integral of complex exponentials. This paper shows the spectral representation of non-periodic signals notably, pulsed signals being accomplished by expanding into Fourier integrals.

In the context of the development of China's carbon emissions trading market, research into individual-based carbon trading markets is gradually gaining momentum. But due to the diversity of individual carbon emissions and the difculty of quantifying them, there are many challenges to realising a personal carbon trading market, and China has yet to develop a complete personal carbon trading system. Therefore, based on Beijing's tail number restriction policy, this paper designs a personal carbon trading market mechanism based on the carbon emissions generated by car use as a commodity, with a focus on trading mechanisms, and supported by incentive systems, regulatory systems and compensation systems. With the help of the "carbon reduction red envelope" trading platform to achieve the participation of two main bodies, multi-benet. The changes in carbon emissions under different scenarios are also analysed, and some of the conditions for the operation of the personal carbon trading mechanism proposed in this paper are calculated. The individual carbon trading mechanism proposed in this paper,solves the inconvenience caused by the license plate restriction policy to Chinese people, promotes the exible and systematic development of urban management, and provides ideas for the development of China's individual carbon trading market.

Background: Surgical management of chest wall injuries has received increasing attention in recent years. The aim of this thesis was to study the mechanism of injury (MOI) in relation to chest wall injury patterns and short- and long-term outcome of surgery in patients with multiple rib fractures and unstable thoracic cage injuries. Methods: Paper I is a retrospective study (n=211) of the association of MOI and injury patterns in patients operated for acute chest wall injuries. Paper II is a prospective longitudinal study (n=54) of the long-term outcome of surgery in patients with multiple rib fractures and ail chest. Paper III is a cross-sectional study (n=37) of the use of CT-lung volume estimation as a marker for lung function in patients operated for ail chest. Paper IVis a prospective controlled study (n=139) of the short- and long-term outcome of surgery in patients with unstable thoracic cage injuries. Results: The MOI differs according to age and is associated with different chest wall injury patterns. Lateral and posterior ail segments are the most commonly seen. Symptoms of pain, lung function and Quality of Life (QoL), improve during the rst post-operative year. CT-lung volume estimates increase signicantly from pre- operative values to post-operative values and there is a high correlation between post-operative CT-lung volume and lung function. Surgery for unstable thoracic cage injuries does not decrease the need for mechanical ventilation. However, surgically managed with rib plating patients have a decreased incidence of pneumonia (17% vs. 36%, p=0.013) and less pain (29% vs. 57%, p

Nowadays people consider gifting a wooden frame with art on it rather than some costly gift. This paper describes how digital art can be engraved on a piece of wood and be framed for gifting and exhibitions. Digital art consists of drawings like Mandala art, Zentangle designs or any complex drawings which can be drawn or downloaded on an iPad or a computer in the form of an image. Later, it can be engraved on the wood and the artist doesn't have to draw the same design many times like on the paper. Once the digital drawing is ready, the person can engrave it more than a thousand times using the Wood Laser Marker/Engraver.