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A knowledge-based expert system model working on the basis of a geographical information system (GIS) was applied to predict fishing ground spots in the coastal waters of South and Central Sulawesi. The model is designed by the integration of multisource data to answer ‘what?’, ‘where?’, and ‘why?’ questions of the fishing ground location. Despite the fact that GIS is a powerful tool for dealing with the first two questions, GIS is inferior for answering the ‘why?’ question in geo-studies. One of the possible ways of overcoming the inferiority of GIS for answering the ‘why?’ question of geo-studies is by integrating an expert system in a GIS to form a knowledge-based expert system GIS model. In this study, we used a series of sea surface temperature (SST) satellite data, sea surface chlorophyll-a (SSC) and turbidity derived from MODIS Aqua in the period 2003–2005 as input data, to understand the temporal and seasonal variability of the marine environment of the study area, and identified the oceanographic...