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The outbreaks of green tide have caused severe harm to the marine environment and human society. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) plays an important role in green tide monitoring by virtue of its high resolution and cloud-free nature. The existing green tide extraction methods still face challenges in identifying multi-scale green tide patches due to noise interference, uneven greyscale and blurred boundaries in SAR images. Meanwhile, the practical application of deep learning methods with high precision is limited due to the complexity of the model and the large amount of computation. Therefore, we propose a multi-scale context-aware and batch-independent lightweight green tide extraction network called MBL-Net. A novel lightweight heterogeneous backbone is designed to extract multi-scale discriminative features and improve segmentation efficiency by using multi-scale selection kernel (MSK) modules and lightweight stages. Meanwhile, Triplet attention module is introduced to improve the internal consistency of the green tide region and suppress the effect of speckle noise. Then, the mixed pooling-based channel prior module (MCPM) is used to expand the receptive field of the network and extract the fine green tide structure by fusing multi-scale features. In addition, Filter Response Normalisation (FRN) is innovatively applied for feature normalization in the decoding stage, eliminating batch dependency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a dataset is built using the Sentinel-1 images of the Yellow Sea, China, from 2019 to 2021. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an overall accuracy of 98.59% with 0.970 G FLOPs and 3.525 M parameters, which ensures high precision and improves green tide detection efficiency. Compared with several representative networks, this method can capture more details of green tide with fewer parameters and faster calculation speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass beds play a vital ecological role by regulating climate, maintaining biodiversity, and sequestering carbon. Achieving accurate classification of seagrass beds across both time and space is of significant importance for efficient monitoring. This paper addresses the challenges of seagrass bed classification in remote sensing imagery and the difficulty of achieving temporal and spatial transferability of classification model. Leveraging a long-term Landsat satellite image time series spanning from 1976 to 2022 in the Yellow River Delta, we enhance the DeepLab V3+ network and propose a cross-temporal-spatial domain seagrass bed transfer learning classification approach. We utilize selectively chosen images from a few years in partial regions for training, introduce freeze-training and-unfreeze-training during the model training phase, and then transfer the model to achieve cross-temporal and cross-temporal-spatial domain classification on images from other years and regions. Additionally, we discuss the factors influencing the classification results. The research results indicate that: (1)The method we proposed has shown good results, achieving classification accuracy of 83.17% and 80.99% for seagrass beds in both cross-temporal and cross-temporal-spatial domains. (2) The classification results indicate that this method achieves an average classification accuracy higher by 16.18% compared to networks such as UNet, PSPNet, HRNet, UNet++, SegFormer, etc. under cross-temporal conditions and higher by 17.56% under cross-spatiotemporal conditions for seagrass bed classification. (3) Based on the classification results, it is observed that from 1973 to 1986, the overall area of seagrass beds in the Yellow River Delta had an initial growth trend, with the largest seagrass bed area recorded in 1986, reaching 4281.289 hectares. Subsequently, the seagrass beds showed an overall decreasing trend, and by 2019 they had almost completely disappeared. The cross-temporal-spatial domain seagrass bed transfer learning classification method proposed in this paper can provide valuable support for the monitoring, restoration, management, and utilization of seagrass ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring marine oil pollution holds both practical and scientific significance. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an active microwave remote sensing technique capable of all-weather and all-day with fine spatial resolution. However, under low wind conditions, rain cells and young ice are examples of look-alikes affect the accuracy of oil spill detection. Polarimetric SAR assumes a crucial role in this context, as it can extract abundant polarimetric features by polarimetric target decomposition. Drawing inspiration from this advancement, an improved polarimetric feature named relative feature based on Cloude-Pottier target decomposition was proposed. The Jeffries-Matusita distance indicates the substantial potential of the relative feature in detecting oil spills. The improved polarimetric feature within U-Net, FCN-8s, and DeepLabv3+ResNet-18 for oil spill detection using polarization SAR images. Experiment results demonstrated that the relative feature has superior performance compared to other polarimetric features and obtained the highest accuracy and dice within U-Net compared to the other two models. These findings introduce promising concepts for achieving rapid and precise detection of oil spills in future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]