1. Interplay between state anxiety, heart rate variability, and cognition: An ex-Gaussian analysis of response times.
- Author
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Spangler, Derek P., Cox, Katherine R., Thayer, Julian F., Brooks, Justin R., and Friedman, Bruce H.
- Subjects
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HEART beat , *STIMULUS & response (Psychology) , *COGNITION , *EMOTIONS , *ANXIETY , *EMOTIONS & cognition - Abstract
The present study employed an ex-Gaussian model of response times (RTs) to elucidate the cognitive processes related to experimentally induced state anxiety (SA) and vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), an indicator of adaptive responses in both cognitive and affective domains. Participants (n = 110) completed a dual task composed of (i) a flanker attention and (2) working memory load task, while SA was induced by threat of noise. Electrocardiography was measured during the dual task and during four baseline periods in order to calculate vmHRV. RTs on the flanker task were fit to an ex-Gaussian distribution, which estimated three RT parameters: mu (Gaussian mean), sigma (Gaussian SD), and tau (combination of exponential mean and SD). First, findings indicate that threat of noise was associated with reductions in mu and tau, suggesting that SA might improve attention and motor responding. Second, higher resting vmHRV was associated with lower tau (averaged across conditions) and stronger threat-related decreases in tau. Third, intra-individual decreases in vmHRV were accompanied by concomitant decreases in tau. These findings support roles for trait and state vagal control in guiding adaptive anxiety-related (and anxiety-unrelated) attentional responses. Findings are consistent with extant theories that emphasize functional interrelations among emotion, cognition, and vagal function. • High state anxiety elicited decreases in ex-Gaussian RT parameters, mu and tau. • vmHRV was related to the exponential component of the RT distribution (tau). • Individuals with higher resting vmHRV had fewer very long RTs (lower tau). • The effect of anxiety on tau was limited to individuals with higher resting vmHRV. • Within-person decreases in vmHRV were related to concomitant decreases in tau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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