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Introduction: Dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic became an obstacle for dentists to treat dental patients. This is due to the spread of the COVID-19 virus which poses challenges in providing dental care. Teledentistry was originally a new field of dentistry based on electronic, telecommunications, Internet, and imaging technologies to connect patients living in rural areas. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, teledentistry services are very useful for all groups with the aim of avoiding direct contact with patients. Objective: To explore the benefits of teledentistry as a solution in the field of dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published on 2020. 130 were articles assessed, including 115 articles from the electronic databases, 0 from the manual hand search. 60 records screened, 50 records excluded, 40 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 15 full text articles included. Results: There are 15 articles about teledentistry as a solution in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Conclusion: : Based on 15 articles show that consultation through teledentistry is a solution as dental health services and is very useful in this COVID-19 pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chitosan.is obtained.from deacetylation of chitin bases, and.acetamide.groups are converted into primary amino groups during deacetylation. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has great use in various dental studies. It has been found that chitosan is effective as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, for example toothpaste, mouthwash. and root canal irrigation from chitosan. So this systematic review reviews some of the literature on the potential of chitosan as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published from 2011 to 2020. 155 were articles assessed, including 155 articles from the databases electronic, 0 from the manual search. 96 records screened, 61 records excluded, 35 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 17 full text articles included. Result: There are 12 articles about antibacterial of chitosan and 5 articles about anti-inflammatory chitosan. Conclusion: Based on 17 articles show that chitosan is very potential as a herbal plant that can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Irrigants used during chemomechanical preparation of the root canal system play an essential role in the successful of endodontic treatment. Combination of irrigants have been recommended to optimize the elimination of bacteria. Purpose: This study was aimed to clinically evaluate the bacterial reduction following irrigation with 6% NaOCl, and continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX during endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Methods: Samples from twenty four patients were recruited from Endodontic Department of Hasanuddin University Dental hospital. Exudates were collected from the root canals of upper anterior teeth before root canal preparration (S1 samples) and after manually-instrumented and irrigated using 6% NaOCl (S2 samples), continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX (S3 samples). All samples were incubated in blood agar and nutrient agar, evaluated for the bacterial load (CFU) using bacterial culture technique. Data were analyzed by Friedman test and Wilcoxon test. Results: All samples were positive for bacteria, and irrigations protocol either with 6% NaOCl, or 17% EDTA and 2% CHX, significantly reduced bacterial load respectively. Continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX showed significant bacterial reduction compared to irrigation with 6% NaOCl (p<0.05). Conclusion: Continued irrigation after mechanical preparation in chronic apical periodontitis reduced the amount of bacteria, however it should be followed with intracanal medication to succeed endodontic treatmemt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleaching refers to tooth whitening through the application of chemicals to the tooth surface, to oxidize organic pigmentation. This method has become a favored treatment in the community, to support the appearance of teeth. However, the use of chemicals during the bleaching process can result in reductions in tooth enamel hardness due to demineralization. The aim of the present study to determine the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) paste, synthesized from chicken eggshells, on the microhardness of tooth enamel after the application of external bleaching materials. This study was conducted using 24 permanent maxillary central incisors, which were divided into four groups. Group 1 received sequential at-home bleaching and HA paste; group 2 received sequential at-home bleaching and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste; group 3 received sequential in-office bleaching and HA paste; and group 4 received sequential in-office bleaching and CPP-ACP paste. Enamel hardness tests were performed using a Universal Hardness Tester tool. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results show that the applications of HA paste, synthesized from eggshells, after the application of in-office bleaching, resulted in significant (p<0.05) increases in tooth enamel microhardness. In contrast, no significant effect was observed after the application of at-home bleaching. In conclusion, HA paste derived from eggshells can increase the microhardness of tooth enamel after the application of external bleaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]