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Adiponectin is one of the most important adipokines secreted by differentiated adipocytes, involved in regulation of fatty acid oxidation and influences insulin secretion in pancreatic cells. It is thus an important link in obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes mellitus. It signals cells by binding to adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 which are expressed in all types of cells including liver, pancreas, skeletal muscles, etc. Lower expression or mutations in these genes have been linked to insulin resistance-like symptoms. In the present study, adiponectin SNP rs2241766, and ADIPOR1 rs22753738 and ADIPOR2 rs16928751 were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in obese and non-obese diabetic patients from rural south-western Maharashtra. We found that adiponectin SNP rs2241766 may be negatively associated with development of T2DM among non-obese individuals (OR 0.316(0.156-0.638), p = 0.016); while adiponectin receptor 2 SNP rs16928751 may be negatively associated with T2DM among obese diabetic individuals (OR 0.042(0.0024-0.719), p = 0.004). Adiponectin recptor 1 SNP rs22753738 may not be associated with T2DM among the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Anemia has always been a major health burden in underdeveloped countries. Despite several nutritional anemia studies, their tribe-specific information is inadequate. The foremost objective of this study is to generate the tribe-specific information on anemia and its association with sociodemographic characters and contribution of iron metabolism. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1135 healthy adolescents (Girls 549) from six leading Scheduled Tribes (STs) of Maharashtra, India. Complete Blood Count (CBC) and serum iron with total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was calculated using fasting venous blood collected in EDTA and Non-EDTA tubes respectively. Contribution of Iron deficiency in etiology of anemia was studied by monitoring two months of oral iron tablet supplementation. Results: It was observed that 41.3% of tribal adolescents were underweight. Prevalence of anemia was observed 41.5% in both tribal adolescents with an average Hb 11.1 ± 1.3g/dl. 21.3% girls & 37.7% boys had mild anemia; however moderate anemia was 17.4% in adolescent girls. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in a large number of tribal adolescents. Hb levels improved significantly after the iron supplementation with 35% recovery with a significant reduction in TIBC along and increase in the ferritin, but without microcytosis (MCV<80fl) improvement. Interpretation and Conclusion: All tribal adolescents in this study were grossly underweight and anemia was a substantial health problem with a significant association with sociodemographic variables in tribal adolescents. Iron therapy observations suggested that Iron deficiency superimposed on the background of a-thalassaemia in tribal's. This observation should be useful to a physician practising in tribal areas for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]