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Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the levels and influencing factors of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses. Background: Intensive care unit nurses have a high mental workload level. To our knowledge, no meta‐analytic research investigating the levels of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses and related factors has yet been performed. Design: This article is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched from the database setup dates until 31 December 2022. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide reportage of the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Results: Seventeen studies were included. In these studies, the pooled mean score of mental workload was 68.07 (95%CI:64.39–71.75). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that intensive care unit nurses' mental workload differed significantly by countries, sample size and publication year. The mental workload influential factors considered were demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. Conclusion: Hospital administrators should develop interventions to reduce mental workload to enhance the mental health of intensive care unit nurses and nursing care quality. Hospital managers should pay attention to the mental health of nurses and guide them to correctly relieve occupational stress and reduce mental workload. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of mental workload among ICU nurses is higher than in other departments in hospital.There are no published systematic review and meta‐analysis studies that synthesize the current evidence. What this paper adds? This review estimated overall mental workload scores, which indicated that ICU nurses have a high level of mental workload.The levels of mental workload among ICU nurses may be influenced by multiple factors, classified for this review in terms of demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. The implications of this paper: Demographic, work‐related and psychological variables should be taken into account in developing comprehensive interventions to reduce nurses' mental workload.Similar meta‐analyses in the future can evaluate other healthcare workers and those in other regions to determine in what departments the level of mental workload is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery can lead to unplanned weight loss, sarcopenia and reduced grip strength to the extent that it can seriously affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Objective: This study investigated the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the prevalence of grip strength, unplanned weight loss and sarcopenia in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan‐Fang database, VIP database) from database creation to September 2023. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the five GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software, and information that could not be meta‐analysed was reviewed in the form of a literature summary. Results: Eleven papers met the inclusion criteria with a combined sample size of 1070 cases, including 532 cases in the trial group and 538 cases in the control group. Four papers reported the effect of ONS on grip strength and included very low‐quality evidence supporting no effect of ONS on grip strength. Ten studies reported the effect of ONS on body weight and body mass index (BMI) and included very low‐quality evidence supporting a positive ONS on weight and BMI changes. Meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in weight loss (12–15 weeks) and BMI loss (12–15 weeks) in patients with colorectal cancer in the ONS group. The effect of ONS on the prevalence of sarcopenia after hospital discharge was reported in two studies, and meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients in the ONS group, but the quality of evidence was low. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of ONS in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer improved patient weight loss and BMI reduction and reduced the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia but did not improve patient grip strength. The quality of evidence for inclusion in the article was low or very low, and further studies are needed to provide better evidence. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Some guidelines recommend the use of oral nutritional supplements in the perioperative and postoperative phases for patients with colorectal cancer.Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the ability of oral nutritional supplements to improve weight and BMI and reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia in cancer patients. What this paper adds? For the first time, a systematic review was conducted using the malnutrition diagnostic criteria recommended by the Global Malnutrition Leadership Initiative consensus published in 2019, with unplanned weight loss, BMI change, prevalence of sarcopenia and grip strength as outcome indicators.Oral nutritional supplements reduce the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer but do not improve patients' grip strength. The implications of this paper: This study adds to the existing evidence for the use of oral nutritional supplements in perioperative and postoperative follow‐up periods for colorectal cancer.Nursing and other healthcare professionals should use evidence of the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements to improve nutritional support for patients with colorectal cancer in the perioperative and postoperative periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to analyse the effect of menthol on thirst intensity and thirst comfort in surgical patients. Background: Menthol has achieved good results in quenching thirst in patients in intensive care units, but its safety and reliability in perioperative fasting patients are unknown. Design: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of intervention studies was performed. Data Sources: We used Chinese and English databases from their dates of inception to May 2022. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINHAL, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently examined the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted the data of each included study. Results: A total of seven studies were identified in this review, which included 537 surgical patients. Overall, menthol reduced thirst intensity in surgical patients and decreased thirst discomfort. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the menthol intervention significantly improved thirst intensity in surgical patients during preoperative and postoperative fasting periods. The Egger's tests showed no significant bias (p = 0.113 and 0.553, thirst intensity and thirst discomfort, respectively). Conclusion: Menthol intervention effectively improved thirst intensity and thirst discomfort during fasting in surgical patients, but more large‐scale, multicentre randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings further. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Thirst is a common symptom of discomfort during fasting in surgical patients.Thirst in surgical patients is an underappreciated, unmeasured and undertreated symptom. What this paper adds? It is safe and feasible to administer menthol immediately after surgery to patients undergoing surgery.Menthol intervention during fasting in surgical patients can significantly reduce thirst intensity and improve thirst discomfort.More high‐quality trials are essential to explore optimal menthol interventions during fasting in surgical patients. The implications of this paper Menthol provides a safe and effective thirst‐quenching method for perioperative fasting in surgical patients.Menthol reduces thirst intensity and thirst discomfort in surgical patients postoperative fasting periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to assess the effect of comprehensive nursing care on liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy in China. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the effect of comprehensive nursing care against standard care on liver cancer patients undergoing specific interventional therapies in China, including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL till June 2023. Data synthesis was conducted using a random‐effects model and reported as pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Ten Chinese studies with 1682 participants were evaluated. Comprehensive nursing care significantly enhanced patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment. Quality of life improved markedly (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.41). Notable reductions were observed in anxiety (MD: −8.96, 95% CI: −11.52 to −6.40) and depression (MD: −9.47, 95% CI: −11.79 to −7.14). Patients also experienced increased physical (SMD: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15–2.25), social (SMD: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.14–2.16) and activity scores (SMD: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.49–2.39), alongside a decrease in post‐treatment complications (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21–0.37), demonstrating the multifaceted benefits of comprehensive care. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care may improve patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment, offering potential benefits in reducing the side effects of interventional therapy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy often experience significant physical and psychological challenges.Comprehensive nursing care has been hypothesized to offer potential benefits in addressing these challenges.There is limited evidence on the exact impacts of comprehensive nursing care on these patients, leading to knowledge gaps in its applicability and efficacy. What this paper adds? This review demonstrates that comprehensive nursing care can lead to significant improvements in the quality of life for liver cancer patients in China.This review provides evidence that comprehensive care reduces levels of anxiety and depression in these patients.This review shows that this approach boosts physical, social function and activity scores while also reducing post‐treatment complications. The implications of this paper: This paper suggests integrating comprehensive nursing care as a standard practice, given its potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.This research emphasizes the importance of equipping oncology nurses with comprehensive care skills and expanding their roles to ensure optimal patient outcomes.Despite promising results, there is a need for further high‐quality, randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings and delve deeper into other potential benefits and best practices of comprehensive nursing care for liver cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The primary aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the effects of home nurse visiting on infant weight and breastfeeding; the secondary aim is to determine the duration, frequency and content of home visits. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Google Scholar and DergiPark databases for publications between September 2000 and January 2019 was conducted using established methods in compliance with the PRISMA‐P declaration guideline. Two authors independently evaluated the studies for inclusion and bias, extracted the data and checked their accuracy. Results: This meta‐analysis includes a total of 34 studies, 28 on breastfeeding and nine on infant weight. The average effect size of the 28 studies investigating the effect on breastfeeding was found to be OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.73–2.90; p < 0.001. The average effect size of the nine studies investigating the effect on infant weight was found to be ES: 0.197; 95% CI: 0.027–0.368; p < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an association between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. Home visits by nurses should continue to remain within the nursing role and be analysed appropriately for mother and baby health. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Two of the most important factors affecting infant morbidity and mortality are infant weight and breastfeeding.Although breastfeeding has numerous benefits for the baby, breastfeeding rates are decreasing in the world and in Turkey. Breastfeeding improves infant health and supports development.One of the factors that negatively affects infant health is low or below expected body weight. Inadequate weight gain will in turn negatively affect the healthy growth of the baby.It has been found that care, education and support related to breastfeeding and infant weight improve outcomes for babies and their mothers but there is no evidence that home visitation is an effective way to deliver this care. What this paper adds? Review results indicate home visits have a significant effect on improving infant health. A positive effect was detected between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. The implications of this paper: Home visits should be presented and analysed appropriately for the mother and baby's health.Education, care and support during home visits help mothers breastfeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to map intimate partner violence evidence among indigenous women and explore the prevalence, social and systemic factors contributing to this occurrence. Methods: This is a scoping review following the steps recommended by the JBI. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed®, Web of Science™, Embase, CINAHL and LILACS databases on March 2023. Studies that addressed the intimate partner violence topic among indigenous women and risk factors, without time and language limitations, were included. Detailed information was extracted, standardized by JBI. Results: Twenty studies of different designs were included, all published in English, between 2004 and 2022. A high intimate partner violence prevalence among indigenous women was identified, associated with a great diversity of risk factors. Conclusion: The great diversity of identified factors associated with its occurrence shows the complexity of this problem and the vulnerability of indigenous women. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Intimate partner violence is a serious social and public health problem.Worldwide, a third of women aged between 15 and 49 who have a partner have already experience or are experiencing intimate partner violence.One in three women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime. What this paper adds? The study presents intimate partner violence prevalence among indigenous women based on evidence.The study explores the social and systemic factors that contribute to this prevalence. The implications of this paper: Nurses are necessary agents not only in providing care but also in articulating and developing strategies to deal with violence, especially intimate partner violence.In nurses' work with indigenous health, it is essential to understand the health–disease process in a broader way, including the ethnic–cultural aspects.The study points out that embracing, understanding and respecting cultural diversity and social support are aspects to be considered in prevention, protection and health promotion strategies for these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aimed to examine the content, frequency, duration, and outcomes of nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Background: Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes to acquire specific behavioural changes and develop effective problem‐solving skills. Design: A systematic review was used in this study. Data sources PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, CINAHL, Proquest and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English until February 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Review methods: This study followed the recommendations of the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis. Results: Eight studies with 1747 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included telephone coaching, consultation services and individual and group education. The duration of the intervention ranged from 3 to 15 months. The results showed that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes had positive and clinically significant effects on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: These findings highlight the important role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The positive outcomes of this review offer suggestions for health care professionals to develop effective self‐management programnmes in type 2 diabetes treatment and care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Prevention of complications and achievement of optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes is important. For this reason, self‐management is the basis of diabetes care.Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes by acquiring specific behavioural changes and developing effective problem‐solving skills.What this paper adds? These results show that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes have positive and clinically significant effects on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes with long follow‐up periods, taking at least 6 months and repeating programmes that include education and consultancy services at certain intervals appear more effective.The implications of this paper: These findings highlight the pioneering role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is recommended that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes should be integrated into healthcare services and access.This review will guide the design of future studies related to nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 1 and 2 diabetes care, especially within primary health‐care settings, has traditionally involved doctor‐led clinics. However, with increasing chronic disease burden, there is scope for nurses to expand their role in assisting diabetes self‐management. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin in adults with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. Methods: Methodology from the Joanna Briggs Institute Method for Systematic Review Research and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, including identifying publications, assessing study quality, summarizing evidence and interpreting findings. The search strategy involved using the Medical Subject Headings and keyword variations when searching MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Inclusion criteria were samples with Type 1 or 2 diabetes, mean age of ≥18 years, English language studies and publication date of January 2011–December 2021. Results: Overall, 34 articles from 16 countries met inclusion criteria. Though not always clinically significant, results indicated that nurse‐led care had beneficial impacts on glycated haemoglobin values, with reductions from 0.03% to 2.0%. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. Conclusions: Findings support nurse‐led Type 1 and 2 diabetes care. Although further research is required, changes may necessitate increased recognition of nurse‐led care and funding. Nurse‐led care models should differ according to health‐care settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes is the world's fastest growing chronic condition and is widely recognized as a leading global challenge to the health and well‐being of individuals, families and societies.What this paper adds? Findings highlight the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin values in patients with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. The implications of this paper: There is scope for nurses to expand their role and assist diabetes self‐management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess if experimental warming interventions are superior to routine warming interventions in preventing perioperative hypothermia. Background: Perioperative hypothermia is a critical issue for the complications of surgery. There are various kinds of perioperative warming interventions, including experimental and routine warming interventions. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis for the randomized clinical trials of experimental warming interventions vs. routine warming interventions in the perioperative period. Findings: A total of 15 studies were included with 983 participants allocated to experimental warming interventions and 939 controls with routine warming interventions, who were receiving a variety of surgeries. The focused outcome was the intraoperative and postoperative body temperature. All included studies were randomized clinical trials. Among the participants receiving operations, the meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures compared to the experimental warming groups. The meta‐analysis results included positive mean differences, significant tests for overall effect and significant heterogeneity in the random‐effects model. Conclusions: In spite of significant heterogeneity, experimental warming interventions are likely to demonstrate superior warming effects when compared to routine warming interventions, as shown by the current meta‐analysis results of randomized clinical trials. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Perioperative hypothermia is a significant factor for prognosis within and after surgery.The difference between experimental and routine nursing interventions for maintaining intraoperative and postoperative body temperature was unknown. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures when compared to experimental warming groups. The implications of this paper: Experimental warming interventions might be associated with superior warming effects.The heterogeneity of surgery type and experimental warming methods might limit the interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim was to examine the extent and scope of empirical research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital. Background: In a time of global nursing shortage, identifying variables that could positively contribute to the retention of the nursing workforce is essential. Prior research has shown that psychological capital correlates positively with employees' better performance and well‐being. Design: A scoping review. Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 7 May 2023. Review methods: The JBI methodological guidance for scoping reviews was followed. The results were summarized narratively. Results: A total of 111 studies reported in 114 peer‐reviewed articles were included. Studies were carried out across 20 countries, with the majority from China (45), Australia (nine), Pakistan (nine), Canada (eight), South Korea (eight) and the United States (eight). A positive correlation was found between registered nurses' psychological capital and desirable work‐related outcomes, such as work engagement, commitment and retention intention. Conclusion: A comprehensive overview of research evidence suggests that psychological capital is associated with many positive work‐related outcomes and might therefore be a valuable resource for reducing nurse turnover. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The concept of psychological capital has been originally developed in the field of positive psychology.Psychological capital has been positively associated with many employees' desired work‐related outcomes, for example better performance, positive attitudes and well‐being.Nursing workforce researchers are increasingly interested in psychological capital as an emerging concept. What this paper adds: This review of 111 studies presents a broad overview of the research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital conducted in 20 countries.Psychological capital correlated positively with newly graduated nurses' and registered nurses' positive, work‐related outcomes such as engagement and retention intention as well as lower burnout level. The implications of this paper: Findings from this review can inform nurse managers and leaders who develop and implement strategies to promote staff well‐being and retention.Strengthening psychological capital might be beneficial both for individual registered nurses and the healthcare organizations where they work.There is a need for future research to investigate psychological capital outside the hospital settings and with longitudinal designs. The instruments identified need more cross‐cultural validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses. Background: Mental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022. Review Methods: Following the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted. Results: Findings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: These findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Mental workload is a key element that can affect nursing performance and patient safety outcomes.Nursing is a stressful occupation, and nurses are at risk for high levels of mental workload. What this paper adds? The review, which involved 31 studies and 16,189 nurses around the world, found that nurses experienced high mental workloads, and identified several factors that contributed to their mental workload.This meta‐analysis identified trends indicating that that nurses from developing countries and those working in emergency departments may suffer higher mental workloads. The implications of this paper: Systematic evaluation of nurses' mental workload is important because it significantly affects nurses' work performance.Due to high heterogeneity, the findings should be considered with caution, and more high‐quality studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this work is to synthesize and interpret qualitative research examining the experiences of nurses providing care for patients with COVID‐19 in acute care settings in the early stages of the pandemic in different countries. Background: The prevalence of disasters, including the pandemic, is increasing globally. It is important to understand nurses' experiences in depth to effectively manage extraordinary events that may occur in the future. Design: This is a thematic meta‐synthesis study. Methods: Electronic databases, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, and Scopus, were searched for publications from December 2019 to October 2020. The search was updated for publications to 30 May 2022. The thematic synthesis method was used to analyse and interpret the data. Findings The experiences of the nurses giving care to patients with COVID‐19 were grouped under four themes: (1) Difficulties encountered in the care of patients with COVID‐19; (2) mixed emotions experienced in the care of patients with COVID‐19; (3) coping strategies that nurses used in the management of the pandemic; (4) the benefits of the COVID‐19 to nurses. Conclusion: Nurses faced many difficulties and experienced mixed emotions while providing care for patients with coronavirus disease. Perceived social support was seen as the most important strategy for coping with these difficult situations. It is important to be aware of the difficulties and emotions experienced by nurses and support them during the COVID‐19 pandemic for the management of future pandemics. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the health sector was affected most.Nurses were on the front lines and faced many challenges. What this paper adds? Nurses perceived the COVID‐19 pandemic as a unique experience for their professional identity and personal development despite the difficulties they faced.They saw social support, which would make them feel valuable, as the most important coping strategy. The implications of this paper Lessons learned from nurse experiences in the early stages of the pandemic should be taken into account when planning for a pandemic or other disaster situations.Politicians, health‐care organizations, and nurse managers should increase social support to ensure the well‐being of nurses in busy work environments such as pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study aimed to present a broad overview of the research conducted and to synthesize evidence of the utility of nonpharmacological interventions for pain management in medical and surgical abortions. Background: High‐quality care for medical and surgical abortion requires pain to be managed effectively. However, women reported low satisfaction with pain management in abortion care. Design: A scoping review design was employed. Data sources No date limit was set. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus were searched in April 2021. Review methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analysis extension‐Scoping Reviews was followed. Results: Fifteen studies were included. The results revealed that support interventions, music therapy, acupoint stimulation and hypnotic analgesia were nonpharmacological interventions used to decrease abortion pain. Conclusions: Clinical nurses, nurse managers and policymakers should attach full importance to the pain management in abortion and may use the study findings to guide the pain management practice. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Women reported maximum pain levels and low satisfaction with the current pain management of abortion.The quality of abortion care that women receive may impact their psychological well‐being.Nursing professionals lacked professional knowledge and awareness of pain management, which may impede the provision of high‐quality of abortion care. What this paper adds? Among the selected 15 studies, nonpharmacological pain management interventions included support interventions, music therapy, acupoint stimulation and hypnotic analgesia.Useful pain assessment tools, effective pain treatment and sufficient professional attendance are important components for relieving pain in abortion.Outcomes of pain, anxiety and satisfaction could be adopted for effectiveness evaluation. The implications of this paper Nursing professionals may use these findings to ensure better pain management in abortion care for women.Meta‐analysis is needed to clarify the respective effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions on pain, psychological outcomes, satisfaction and analgesic consumption.Relevant pain management training should be offered to nursing professionals in abortion care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Background: With an increased focus of studies on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants, there is a need for an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to measure the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, VIP Journal Integration Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc from database establishment to 28 April 2021. Review methods: We conducted the meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Integrative description was used for data that were not suitable for meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 380 studies between 1979 and 2021 were retrieved and 26 were included in this systematic review. Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure. Compared with routine care, maternal sound stimulation could help preterm infants achieve better physiological stability by reducing their heart rate and increasing their oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Maternal sound stimulation is a feasible and effective intervention for preterm infants, which is highly recommended in the clinical setting. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Hospitalized preterm infants suffer from frequent painful procedures, loud noises and early maternal separation.Maternal sound stimulation was not only a feasible way to achieve auditory stimulation for preterm infants but also to achieve early mother–infant contact.However, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants. What this paper adds? Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure.Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce heart rate and increase oxygen saturation of preterm infants.Maternal sound stimulation showed positive effects on improving preterm infants' feeding process, feeding performance and physical growth. The implications of this paper: Neonatal nurses can apply maternal sound stimulation to preterm infants during painful procedures.It is necessary to develop a standard implementation protocol for maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants.Further research is needed to compare the effects between maternal sound stimulation and music stimulation to identify the best auditory stimuli for preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to conduct a concept analysis of adolescents' emotional well‐being resulting from healthy social media use. Background: Adolescents are the group that uses mobile social media the most. They connect to others and achieve life satisfaction via social media. Here, we consider both the positive and negative aspects of social media use and recognize the need for clear guidance on proper social media use among adolescents. Design: This study utilized an eight‐step method of concept analysis. Data sources A systematic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo was conducted, and 10 articles were selected. Review methods: We defined attributes, model cases, antecedents, consequences and referents. Results: The attributes of adolescent emotional well‐being on social media are (a) relationships with others, (b) internet‐based communication and (c) being happy and maintaining emotional health. Adolescents use social media to feel safe, seek information and connect to others. Adolescents reported having better relationships and positive affect as a result of social media use. Conclusion: This concept analysis will help health‐care providers understand how adolescent emotional well‐being is attained through social media. Additionally, this study will provide the basis of behavioural theories and future interventions that guide adolescent use of social media. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Most adolescents use smartphones as a means of personal communication.Adolescents have both positive and negative feelings when using social media. What this paper adds? Adolescent emotional well‐being on social media is defined as 'being happy and maintaining emotional health through relationships with others on internet‐based communication'.Adolescents obtain better relationships and positive affects as a result of social media use. The implications of this paper Nurses can utilize the results of this study to guide adolescents and their parents in healthy social media use.Nursing interventions may be developed based on these findings to promote adolescent emotional well‐being through social media use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: An integrative review was conducted to synthesize published evidence on the prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia and patient risk factors, in adult patients treated for hyperkalaemia with intravenous insulin and dextrose. Methods: This review followed the framework by Whittemore and Knafl. Papers included were limited to English language studies involving participants who were aged 18 years and above and admitted in the inpatient acute care and emergency departments. The literature search was performed using five electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Proquest and Cochrane). Results: A total of 22 studies were included. Two main themes were derived—patient risk factors and prevention–intervention strategies. Five main patient risk factors were lower pretreatment blood glucose (<7 mmol/L), lower weight, renal insufficiencies, older age and nondiabetic. The four subthemes in the prevention–intervention strategies included (i) methods of administration and dosing of intravenous insulin and dextrose, (ii) frequency of blood glucose monitoring, (iii) education to healthcare professionals and (iv) rescue agents. Conclusions: Standardized computerized order sets and integrated decision tool that can advise appropriate prescription of a higher volume of dextrose or lower insulin dose according to patient risk factors, regular monitoring and reinforced education may prevent and mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Therapeutic effects of intravenous insulin and dextrose for hyperkalaemia treatment may contribute to the risk of hypoglycaemia which is a potential adverse complication.It is essential to establish the evidence on the prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia and significant patient risk factors, in adult patients treated for hyperkalaemia with combined intravenous insulin and dextrose.What this paper adds Five main patient risk factors are low pretreatment blood glucose value, low body weight, older age, renal insufficiencies and nondiabetic status with no previous history and no diabetic medication.Hypoglycaemia episodes occur as early as 1–3 h after IV insulin–dextrose therapy and can persist up to 6 h after treatment.The implications of this paper Standardized computerized order sets with an integrated decision tool can be generated to facilitate the administration of IV insulin and dextrose with the consideration of individual patient risk factors for rebound hypoglycaemia.Scheduled regular and intensive blood glucose monitoring for at least 8 h can ensure that hypoglycaemia will be attended to immediately.Re‐education and support for healthcare professionals on the specifics of administration of IV insulin and dextrose may prevent hypoglycaemia episodes from occurring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study purpose was to explore the relationships between family structure and function and adolescent reproductive health in the context of family systems in developing countries. Background: The structures and functions of family are important elements for adolescent reproductive health. However, few studies discuss their relationships with the reproductive health of adolescents. Design This study employed a scoping review design. Data sources The search was conducted for literature published from 2010 until 2020 using the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Science Direct sourcing full‐text papers in English. Original research papers that focused on family structures, family functions, and adolescent reproductive health were included. Review methods: Data extraction and analysis were completed on all retrieved studies. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Fifteen articles were included. The nature of the relationship between the family structures and functions on adolescent reproductive health were explained in the categories of (i) family process and life cycle, (ii) family norms and values, (iii) family communication patterns and processes, (iv) family roles and connectedness, and (v) family coaching and guidance. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that the relationships between family functions and structures and adolescent reproductive health were explained in multiple constructs. Further studies are needed to examine those constructs on reproductive health in adolescent in developing countries. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Adolescent reproductive health is the biggest concern among parents or families for development of life cycle.Relationships between family functions and structures on adolescent reproductive health, particularly in developing countries, have been identified, but little discussion has sought to understand the linkages. What this paper adds? This review demonstrates that family functions and structures in relation to adolescent reproductive health are explained in multidimensional constructs including family processes and life cycles, family norms and values, family communication patterns and processes, family roles and connectedness, and family coaching and guidance. The implication of this paper: This study serves to support family nurses to understand the multiple dimensions of family structures and functions before providing nursing care.Cross‐cultural competence should be emphasized among nurses and nursing students in advancing adolescent productive health among families in the community.Further study is needed to examine the constructs of family structures and functions to clarify interrelationships among dimensions of adolescent reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke. Background: Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed. Methods: This was a meta‐analysis carried out by searching five international electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, as well as four national electronic databases, including Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Two groups of researchers screened the studies independently, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Five studies on psychoeducational interventions were included. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a small effect of the interventions on improving family function (WMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.01, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences between the psychoeducation and control groups at 1 month postintervention (WMD: −0.12, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.05, P < 0.05) and more than 6 months postintervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.04, P < 0.05). The psychoeducational interventions also had positive effect on improving the problem solving (WMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.14 to −0.03, P < 0.05) and communication (WMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.05, P < 0.05) functions of the family. There were significant differences in the group of dyad intervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.02, P < 0.05) and the group using face to face method (WMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.84 to −0.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Synthesized results demonstrated the favourable effect of psychoeducational interventions on the improvement of the family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication. Future psychoeducational intervention research design should consider the combination of multiple intervention methods and the applicable population of intervention. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Good family function can promote the physical and mental health of family caregivers, improve the life quality of stroke survivors and lighten a heavy burden on the whole family.Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed.What this paper adds? The psychoeducational intervention has a positive effect on family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication.The implications of this paper: The psychoeducational intervention can be an acceptable method to improve family function among families after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To outline and examine evidence related to the meaning of 'psychosocial vulnerability' among caregivers of persons with chronic illnesses. Background: The number of informal caregivers continues to rise globally. Their risk of psychosocial vulnerability is frequently overlooked, but understanding their psychosocial vulnerability may offer insights into meeting their needs. Design Scoping review following the PRISMA 2020 extension guidelines. Data sources The databases CINAHL, Embase, Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Lenus and ProQuest were systematically searched to identify original research. No date limit was set, and 23 studies were included. Review methods: A five‐step approach using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Thematic analysis guided data analysis. Results: Carers' psychosocial vulnerability occurs when they experience barriers to resources while access and use of supports reduce risk. Antecedents of psychosocial vulnerability include a carer's age and sex, socioeconomic status and their health and wellbeing. Psychosocial vulnerability affects carers' relationships and causes personal losses. Conclusions: The concept of carers' psychosocial vulnerability is complex. Recognition of carers at risk for psychosocial vulnerability would help nurses direct relevant support and information to carers who need it most. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Carers play an increasingly important role in the delivery of holistic care in the community.Barriers and access to relevant support and homecare remain an issue for carers and patients worldwide.Caregivers frequently succumb to vulnerability as a result of their new identification with the role as well as the duty tied to the role. What this paper adds? Findings offer an understanding of factors which may contribute to carers' psychosocial vulnerability.An overview of the impact of caring for individuals with a chronic illness on carers' lives. The implications of this paper Recognition of those at risk for psychosocial vulnerability could enable health care professionals to provide the relevant support and information to carers who need it most.Further qualitative research is needed to increase understanding of carers' experience of caring for someone with a chronic illness.Carers must be seen as essential components of healthcare in order to ensure connection between policy and service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review aimed to summarize current research knowledge about the relationships between nurse leaders' leadership styles and nurses' work‐related well‐being. Background: Due to the global shortage of nurses, it is essential for nurse leaders to maximize staff retention and work‐related well‐being. Methods: Following Cochrane Collaboration procedures, the PRISMA statement and PRISMA checklist, relevant quantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020 were retrieved from the CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Medic databases and then systematically reviewed. Seventeen cross‐sectional and follow‐up studies with surveys were retained for inclusion and evaluated with the Critical Appraisal of a Survey instrument. The data were summarized narratively. Results: Three core themes of leadership styles: destructive, supportive and relationally focused, were identified, with statistically significant direct and indirect connections between nurses' work‐related well‐being. Well‐being was mainly assessed in terms of burnout. Effects of leadership styles on work‐related well‐being were reportedly mediated by trust in leader, trust in organization, empowerment, work‐life conflict, relational social capital, emotional exhaustion, affectivity, job satisfaction and motivation. Conclusion: Nurse leaders' leadership styles affect nurses' work‐related well‐being. In developing intervention studies and providing training on work‐related well‐being, the impact of the indirect effects and the mediating factors of the leadership styles should be acknowledged. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurse leaders play a key role in maximizing staff retention and influencing healthcare organizations' productivity and effectiveness.Nurse leaders' leadership styles strongly affect the nursing staff, their working environment and work‐related well‐being. What this paper adds? This systematic review shows that nurse leaders' destructive, supportive and relationally focused leadership styles significantly affect nurses' work‐related well‐being.It provides detailed information regarding direct and indirect associations between leadership styles and work‐related well‐being and the mediating variables for indirect associations.The data suggest that nurse leaders should be capable of using supportive and relationally focused leadership styles. The implications of this paper Systematic evaluation of nurse leaders' leadership styles in organizations is important because they significantly affect nurses' work‐related well‐being.Results of this review could be used when developing nurse leaders' leadership styles and work environments and planning and implementing leadership training.In the developing of intervention studies on work‐related well‐being, the results of the indirect effects and the mediating factors of the leadership styles should be acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed to synthesize evidence comparing task‐shifting interventions led by general practice nurses and mental health specialists in improving mental health outcomes of adults in primary care. Design This study used a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources: Articles from the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane EBM Reviews, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis published between 2000 and 2020 were included. Review Methods: The review was arranged based on the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies revealed that nurse‐led intervention was significantly superior to its comparator. The review identified three major themes: training and supervision, single and collaborative care and psychosocial treatments. Conclusion: Nurses could be temporarily employed to provide mental health services in the absence of mental health specialists as long as appropriate training and supervision was provided. This finding should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias in the studies reviewed and the limited generalisability of their findings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The shortage of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals has been causing treatment gaps in mental health care, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries.Task‐shifting or task‐sharing is one of the most promising strategies in addressing the treatment gap, but the involvement of nurses in this strategy is barely studied. What this paper adds? This paper explores the effect of task‐shifting and task‐sharing interventions led by general practice nurses for adults with mental disorders in primary care and found that nurses could deliver psychosocial interventions normally delivered by mental health specialists with at least the same quality provided they received proper training and supervision.This paper presented a theoretical framework of task‐shifting. The implications of this paper: In the absence of mental health services in primary care, general practice nurses could be temporarily employed to fill the vacancies.However, appropriate training and supervision are required before the programme is started to make sure that the nurses are adequately prepared to undertake the new roles in practice.The implementation of task‐shifting and task‐sharing requires a well‐planned and gradual implementation strategy to avoid burnout and workplace‐related distress in the target health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To synthesize qualitative evidence of premenopausal women's experiences of fertility decision‐making with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Background: Breast cancer is increasingly more common in premenopausal women who may have not yet considered starting a family or have completed their families. Design Qualitative evidence synthesis guided by Thomas and Harden's three‐stage approach to thematic analysis. Data Sources: Twelve electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Embase, Pubmed, Proquest, PsychINFO, Lenus, Scopus, Web of Science, Rian.ie, Medline, EThOS e‐theses online and DART Europe. No year limit was set. Review Methods: The 'Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research guidelines' (ENTREQ) statement was followed. Results: Fifteen qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. Seven review findings under four major themes were identified: (1) first comes survival, (2) making decisions 'under the gun', (3) health‐care professionals should not make assumptions and (4) we want accurate, detailed information and we want it early. High confidence in six of the review findings was agreed. Conclusion: Most women experienced rushed fertility preservation decision‐making at a time when they also faced cancer treatment decisions. Women want detailed, clear information on fertility preservation early after their diagnosis. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Many premenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer express their concerns about fertility.Many premenopausal women feel forced into making rapid decisions regarding fertility interventions. What this paper adds? After a diagnosis of breast cancer, premenopausal women's fear of a recurrence and desire to survive for their existing children can dominate their fertility decision‐making.Premenopausal women can feel forced into rapid decision‐making on fertility intervention at the same time as cancer treatment decisions and often in the context of health‐care professionals' assumptions on what they think a woman wants.Premenopausal women with breast cancer want more information, preferably from fertility experts, and they want it early after their cancer diagnosis. The implications of this paper: Health‐care professionals should reflect on any assumptions they may have about a woman's fertility and reproductive choices in the context of a cancer diagnosis and set these aside in any discussions with women.Health‐care professionals should focus on consistency in fertility information provision to all premenopausal women facing treatment for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of exercise interventions by type, duration and intensity of exercise for fatigue in breast cancer survivors who had completed their treatment. Background: Most studies found that exercise has valuable outcomes for cancer survivors. This meta‐analysis comprehensively summarizes the benefits of exercise intervention for fatigue in breast cancer patients who had completed their adjuvant treatments. Methods: We conducted a meta‐analysis on randomized control trials published during 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2019, from PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE, Medline (ProQuest), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Electronic Periodical Service and Wan Fan Data with prespecified searching criteria. Breast cancer patients earlier than stage IIIc and completing adjuvant treatments were included, and the effects of exercise on fatigue were investigated. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (N = 581). Patients receiving exercise interventions showed reduced fatigue comparing with those without exercise. Exercise with low–moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week and lasting up to 12 weeks had a significant effect on reducing fatigue for breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that exercise interventions can reduce fatigue for this group of cancer survivors. The duration and intensity of exercise intervention could be prescribed for this specific group of cancer patients as a basic requirement to handle their reported fatigue. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Previous meta‐analysis has shown that exercise interventions can affect fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after their adjuvant treatment. What this paper adds? Exercise at a low to moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week, at 12‐week follow‐up reduced fatigue for breast cancer survivors who completed adjuvant treatment.The intensity of exercise interventions could be included in guidelines, to help patients in handling their reported fatigue. The implications of this paper: Findings support the positive effects of exercise interventions in reducing fatigue in women with breast cancer, suggesting that health‐care professionals and nurses may consider including exercise programmes into management plans for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To present the findings of a systematic review on reported quality of life following the formation of a urinary diversion as a result of cystectomy due to urinary bladder neoplasm. Background: Bladder cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer of the urological system. Treatment often involves undergoing a radical cystectomy with an ileal conduit formation. Quality of life issues associated with this surgery are complex and varied. Design A systematic review using thematic synthesis. Data Sources: A comprehensive search, using The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo databases, focusing on the years from 2007 to 2020. Review methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was the chosen checklist used. Studies were critically appraised using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results: The formation of an ileal conduit negatively affects respondent's quality of life particularly regarding body image, social distress, reduced sexual activity and employment. Poor research focus on the impact of ileal conduit formation on sexual well‐being postoperatively was apparent. Conclusions: Further research using qualitative methodologies is needed to gain a deeper understanding of how this life‐changing procedure impacts quality of life. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Quality of life is broadly negatively affected by having an ileal conduit. What this paper adds? This review highlights how quality of life is negatively affected by the formation of an ileal conduit, particularly body image, sexual functioning, social relations and employment.This review highlights similar trends amongst the international studies critiqued, emphasizing the global importance of the role of the nurse in patient education.This review informs nurse education and practice related to holistic care of patients with an ileal conduit, with potential to impact on patient outcomes and quality of life through education and the promotion of independence. The implications of this paper: This review highlights the importance of the role of the nurse in educating patients to reduce the occurrence of post‐operative complications, with nurses ideally positioned to provide excellent support and education to these patients.Nurses have the potential to positively influence patients' physical, psychological and social well‐being, promoting independence with their stoma care and prepare them for potential changes and challenges to their environment after hospital discharge.The review supports the review and development of nursing policies, globally, around post‐operative management of patients with an ileal conduit, with particular focus on the importance of incorporating quality of life issues into nursing policy and practice, through patient education and the promotion of independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration and relevant outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Background: Previously, three meta‐analyses on the association of daily sedation interruption with the mechanical ventilation duration have reported conflicting findings, and these did not support current guideline recommendations that daily sedation interruption can be routinely used in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. Design This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies. Data sources Data were from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest dissertation and theses, Airiti Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Chinese, Science Direct and PsycINFO databases. Review methods: Two reviewers independently assessed, extracted and appraised the included studies. Then, pooled estimates were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: In total, 45 studies involving 5493 participants were included. Compared with controls, daily sedation interruption significantly reduced the mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks (all p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and study quality were significant moderators. Conclusion: Daily sedation interruption could substantially reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, particularly when it was applied to patients with high disease severity. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Daily sedation interruption has been associated with reductions in excessive sedation and excessive use of sedative agents.The findings on the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration have been inconsistent. What this paper adds? Daily sedation interruption could effectively reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks in intensive care unit patients.Applying daily sedation interruption to patients with high disease severity yielded a larger reduction in the mechanical ventilation duration. The implications of this paper: There is a need to adopt daily sedation interruption as routine care to reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, especially in higher disease severity population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Nursing is a highly stressful occupation where irregular shifts and working overtime lead to unhealthy behaviours. This qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis aims to examine nurses' barriers in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from their respective inception dates to October 2021: EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used to appraise the quality of included studies. Data synthesis followed Sandelowski's and Barroso's two‐step approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review, and three themes were generated as follows: (1) work environment and workplace culture, (2) nature of the job and (3) intrinsic factors. Conclusion: This review synthesized available evidence on the barriers nurses experienced while adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Health‐care institutions should target these factors when providing facilities and services to support nurses in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies. Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nursing is a highly stressful occupation that may create stress‐induced unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.Nurses encounter major barriers to participate in health‐promoting behaviours. What this paper adds? The health‐promoting behaviours were negatively influenced by workplace culture, occupational factors such as job stress and rotating shift and intrinsic factors (e.g., absence of motivation and financial constraints). The implications of this paper: Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies.Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to describe and summarize research concerning organizational justice among registered nurses. Background: Over the recent decades, a number of studies have explored organizational justice. Perceived high organizational justice among employees has been found to correlate with multiple beneficial outcomes, such as job satisfaction, commitment and improved physical and mental health. By contrast, low organizational justice is related to poor productivity, atmosphere at work, health and well‐being. Design This study is a scoping review. Data Seven databases were used to search for peer‐reviewed publications published between January 2015 and August 2019. Review method: This scoping review utilized Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. Results: High organizational justice has been found to improve registered nurses' work‐related outcomes, health and well‐being. Low organizational justice has been linked to undesired work‐related outcomes and health problems. Conclusion: Nurse managers play a key role in promoting organizational justice. Further research is needed to study the relationship between organizational justice and the quality of patient care and safety. There is need for longitudinal studies to understand the effects and nature of organizational justice in the nursing workforce. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? High organizational justice has been linked to several positive work‐related outcomes such as employees' job satisfaction, commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour.Low organizational justice has been associated with negative work‐related outcomes such as counterproductive behaviours and intent to leave the profession.High organizational justice is positively, and low organizational justice negatively, linked to health outcomes. What this paper adds? High organizational justice is positively and low organizational justice is negatively linked to registered nurses' work‐related outcomes, health and well‐being.Organizational justice among registered nurses has been measured with a variety of instruments. The implications of this paper: Nurse managers play a key role in promoting organizational justice.There is need for research concerning organizational justice and its effects on the quality of patient care and safety.There is need for longitudinal studies concerning organizational justice among registered nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants and identify potential education barriers. Background: Health professionals caring for Chinese immigrants often encounter communication barriers, leading to uncertainty of quality of care. Design This study is a quantitative and qualitative systematic review. Data sources MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, limited to 1980 to October 2020. Review methods: Articles were included if they reported results about health professional communication with Chinese patients. Quality was appraised using Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines and thematic synthesis conducted. Results: Of 1363 articles, seven studies were included. These described provider–patient communication in primary care, oncology and palliative settings only. Three core themes were identified: (1) family‐centred health communication where family controls provider–patient information exchange; (2) mismatch of provider–patient health beliefs and knowledge on diet, nutrition, traditional medicine, place for death and disease prevention and (3) mismatch of language and resources as skilled providers proficient in specific dialects are limited; communication resources are perceived as infrequently available and content is insufficient. Conclusion: Studies describing health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants are limited. Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities and communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Health‐care professionals caring for Chinese immigrants are likely to encounter communication barriers.There has not been a systematic examination of the research evidence. What this paper adds? Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities.Communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs. The implications of this paper: This study is the first systematic review examining health professionals' views and experiences about communicating with Chinese immigrants.Research is needed to explore the experiences and potential patient education barriers of diverse health professionals and their communication needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the different handover models and processes available and their efficacy in improving handover communication within nursing practice. The handover of information is a key nursing responsibility that ensures patient outcomes through continuity of care. This process is widely recognised as an opening for error that may comprise patient safety. This paper is an integrative literature review that employed an inductive exploratory design. A computerised database search was employed including CINAHL, PubMed and Science Direct and a manual citation search with included papers limited to papers published 2005-2016, in English with full text freely available. This included a systematic search strategy, a critical appraisal of the papers utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, an inductive data extraction and thematic analysis. Sixteen papers were included in this review. The results detailed that there are various handover models in use, yet there is no evidence that any one model displays superior efficacy. The iSoBAR model and its adaptations remain the only model employed across various specialties. More research is warranted to determine if any handover model displays superior efficacy or transferability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aim was to map clinical characteristics and the evolution of pregnancies in pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods: Searching four databases, studies were investigated that described the evolution of pregnancies in women diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through laboratory tests. A scoping review was undertaken, including 35 articles published in English. Two pairs of independent researchers synthesized the data. Results: Most studies were case studies or case series and had a low risk of bias. A predominance of cases was found in women over the age of 30 years who got infected in the third term of pregnancy and who had comorbidities. The prematurity index varied with the heterogeneity of the samples, and the cases of abortion occurred in combination with severe forms of infection. Caesarean section deliveries predominated, indicated mainly by respiratory decompensation caused by infection. Most women were discharged. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed studies, the profile and evolution of pregnant women infected with COVID‐19 could be evaluated. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic was decreed, currently accounting for more than 105 million cases and more than two million deaths.Physiological changes of pregnancy predispose pregnant women to COVID‐19 infection.The characteristics of pregnancy associated with COVID‐19 infection turn obstetric care into a constant challenge. What this paper adds? The review presents the profile of pregnant women infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, with laboratory confirmation using the diagnostic reference standard (PCR).This review presents the profile of pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and the outcomes of the infection and pregnancy. The implications of this paper: Based on the knowledge of the profile, public policies can be planned to prevent and manage infection among pregnant and postpartum women.Further studies are suggested, mainly follow‐up studies of cohorts with pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 to expand knowledge about the profile and obstetric outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease. Design A qualitative systematic review. Data sources PubMed, Clinical Key, the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐based practice database, CINAHL Complete, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for all journal articles published before May 2020. Review methods: After applying the selection criteria, five studies were identified reporting on fathers with children between 1 month and 12 years. The quality of the articles was evaluated. Results: Six main themes regarding fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease were identified: (1) lack of disease knowledge, (2) responsibility to the family and emotional suppression, (3) gratitude for the sustained life of their children, (4) acceptance of being different from others, (5) regrouping and planning for the future and (6) the struggles of father–child relationships. Conclusion: In caring for their children with congenital heart disease, fathers are akin to a suffering warrior, full of hardship. With a self‐imposed sense of responsibility and suppressed emotions, fathers may feel lonely and hurt, but they must fight for their families and children. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Congenital heart disease is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood.Parents of children with congenital heart disease face cardiac‐related medical problems, decision‐making and economic circumstances throughout their healthcare experience including impact on their physiological and psychological health.Previous studies have focused on the roles of mothers of children with congenital heart disease. What this paper adds: This systematic review identifies six themes regarding fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease: (1) lack of disease knowledge, (2) responsibility to the family and emotional suppression, (3) gratitude for the sustained life of their children, (4) acceptance of being different from others, (5) regrouping and planning for the future and (6) the struggles of father–child relationships.In caring for their children with congenital heart disease, fathers are akin to a suffering warrior, full of hardship.With a self‐imposed sense of responsibility and suppressed emotions, fathers may feel lonely and hurt, but they must fight for their families and children. The implications of this paper: The findings about fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease can be beneficial in improving nursing practice.Health care professionals need to actively involve and support fathers in caring for their children with congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to analyse risk and protective factors for teen suicide and bullying. Background: Research shows that high percentages of bully‐victims report suicidal thinking or suicide attempts. Design This was an international integrative review. Data sources Five databases including CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cuiden were searched between January 2010 and December 2020. Review methods: Review methods included problem identification; search, evaluation and analysis of literature; and presentation of results. Results: Eighteen studies were included. We grouped the selected articles into seven thematic categories. The most significant risk factors were being male, having a previous personal and/or family suicide attempt, mental health problems, substance abuse, previous physical and/or sexual abuse, low socio‐economic level, belonging to a single‐parent family, underachievement, family dysfunction and violent environment. The most common protective factors for both suicide and bullying were being female, having good mental health, belonging to a two‐parent family, safe school environment, good family relationships and having an involved teacher. Conclusion: Suicide resulting from bullying is a social and public health problem, so nurse practitioners and paediatric primary care nurses have a responsibility to educate teachers and parents in order to promote early detection and the development of more effective prevention and action plans. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Bullying is one of the phenomena linked to teen suicide. Teen suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people of 15 to 24 years.There are significant relationships between intimidating behaviours and the feelings of sadness and fear.Victims tend to be shy, anxious, insecure or weak and emotionally vulnerable, becoming easy targets. In general, bullies are defined by little empathy and arrogance. What this paper adds? Numerous predisposing risk factors were found for becoming a victim of teen suicide and bullying, such as family dysfunction, including parental miscommunication, lack of monitoring, lack of support, domestic violence, mental problems, depression or a single‐parent family.Both the victim and the bully should be protected, as both are at risk for suicide.Attending school, good academic performance and reliable and safe school environments act as protective factors. Good relationships with the adults other than parents are protective factors for the victims and bullies. Having supportive, supervisory teachers decreases the risk of bullying. The implications of this paper: Health and education professionals, as well as parents, are very important in the early detection and identification of bullying.Nurse practitioners and paediatric primary care nurses have a responsibility to educate teachers and parents in order to promote early detection and the development of more effective prevention and action plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the effects of self‐management interventions on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. Background: Effective treatment of hypertension may require the practice of self‐management behaviours. However, evidence on effects of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension is lacking. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid‐Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and other sources were searched to October 2020. Review methods: Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 2.0 and quality assessment was done using ROB 2.0. The pooled effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals using a random‐effects model. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed that self‐management interventions significantly decreased blood pressure and increased self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adult patients with hypertension, with no significant effect on body mass index. Conclusions: Self‐management interventions have considerable beneficial effects in older adults with hypertension. Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Current evidence suggests self‐management interventions as a potential strategy for decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. What this paper adds? Self‐management interventions can decrease systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and improve self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adults with hypertension. The implication of this paper: Findings highlight the importance of implementing self‐management programs in older adult patients with hypertension.Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions that are tailored to the individual's level of self‐efficacy to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of heparin and 0.9% saline solution is always controversial for central venous catheters. However, there is no systematic review or guideline about whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs). The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether saline solution can replace heparin saline to lock TIVAPs. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Ovid (January 1, 1982, and February 21, 2020). All statistical analyses of the meta‐analysis were completed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 201 studies were identified from these databases after initial review, and four studies met inclusion criteria, including 2652 cases. There was little heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 < 30%), and all analyses were conducted by the fixed‐effects model. The total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates in the heparin solution group were higher than in the saline solution group. In the subgroup analysis of heparin concentration, total complication rates in the saline solution group were higher than with 50 U of heparin and lower than with 100 U of heparin. However, the differences in these complications were small, and no significant difference was observed (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on existing clinical studies, we recommend that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) are more and more widely used in patients with cancer.Saline solution and heparin saline can both be used as lock solutions.The use of heparin is controversial for central venous catheters, and no systematic review addresses whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with TIVAPs. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis indicated that the use of saline solution for locking TIVAPs did not increase the total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates. The implications of this paper: The results showed that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the effect of peer support intervention on diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes. Background: Diabetes distress may be decreased by peer support intervention, but findings about the effect of peer support on diabetes distress have been mixed. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies. Data sources PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to 30 June 2018. Review methods: Investigators assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for pooled effect size. Results: A total of 13 studies included in systematic review and 10 in meta‐analysis. In the random‐effects model, the pooled effect size showed current peer support intervention did not significantly reduce diabetes distress in type 2 diabetes population compared with usual care. Conclusion: High quality and well‐designed studies targeting at reducing diabetes distress are needed to further test the effect of peer support intervention on diabetes distress. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes distress is prevalent in type 2 diabetes and associated with adverse diabetes outcomes.Diabetes distress may be decreased by peer support intervention, but findings about the effect of peer support on diabetes distress have been mixed. What this paper adds? Existing peer support interventions were not more effective in reducing diabetes distress for people with type 2 diabetes when compared with usual care.Most current peer support interventions mainly targeted education and behaviour change and not directly targeted diabetes distress. The implications of this paper: There is a need to design the peer support interventions targeted at reducing diabetes distress. The baseline score of diabetes distress should be considered in the design of peer support interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To establish a care bundle in spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladder to avoid upper urinary tract damage and to provide guidance for health care staff in use of nonsurgical and nonpharmacological adjunctive strategies to improve patients' clinical outcomes. Background: Prevention of upper urinary tract damage is critical in the management of spinal cord injury patients with a neurogenic bladder, but there are no authoritative guidelines or high‐quality randomized controlled trials. Design The study was conducted on the basis of Fulbrook and Mooney's seven‐step method for care bundle development. Data Sources: The databases PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Dissertation Database were searched from the date of each database's inception to April 2017. Review methods: We evaluated the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute evidence pre‐ranking and grade recommendation system (2014 version). The results were examined using a self‐designed data extraction. Results: A three‐element cluster including clean intermittent catheterization, bladder function training, and transcutaneous low‐frequency pulsed electrical stimulation was formed. Conclusion: The development of this bundle can provide a scientific basis for effective prevention of neurogenic upper urinary tract damage in clinical practice. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Upper urinary tract damage is a serious complication of patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder; prevention of upper urinary tract damage is important to improve the prognosis of these patients.In the absence of authoritative guidelines, it is difficult to find a scientific basis for effective prevention of upper urinary tract damage in clinical practice.The concept of care bundles has been used to develop clinical interventions in recent years, but researchers have yet to reach a consensus on how to develop care bundles. What this paper adds? A preventive care bundle to prevent upper urinary tract damage in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder patients was developed using the seven‐step process proposed by Fulbrook and Mooney.The prevention bundle has three elements that may reduce intravesical pressure, prevent urinary tract infection, and improve urinary‐related neuromuscular function: clean intermittent catheterization, bladder function training, and transcutaneous low‐frequency pulsed electrical stimulation. The implications of this paper: This bundle can be used in clinical practice to prevent upper urinary tract damage in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder at high risk of upper urinary tract damage.Fulbrook and Mooney's seven‐step method is effective and can be used to develop other care bundles in different countries and topic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of patient decision aids on knowledge, decisional conflict and decisional self‐efficacy outcomes in patients with diabetes. Methods: A comprehensive database search was performed using the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBASCO), CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang Database and the Ottawa Decision Aid Library Inventory (http://decisionaid.ohri.ca/index.html) from inception to 13 October 2019. Two reviewers independently searched databases, screened articles, extracted data and evaluated the risk bias of included studies. Then Rev Man 5.3 software was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: Ten articles containing 1,452 people with diabetes were selected. The results of meta‐analysis showed that patient decision aids had a positive effect on reducing decisional conflict and improving decisional self‐efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, this article also revealed that patient decision aids have beneficial short‐term effects on improving knowledge, but there was no significant long‐term effect. Conclusion: Patient decision aids are capable of becoming support tools to improve shared decision making. Further implementation studies are required to transform patient decision aids tools into clinical practice. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Some patient decision aids have been reported to support patients with diabetes' information processing and decision making.The application of patient decision aids can narrow the knowledge gap between patients and doctors so as to facilitate patient activation. What this paper adds? This article extends the evidence on the beneficial effects of patient decision aids on reducing decisional conflict, improving self‐efficacy and knowledge level among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The review recommends patient decision aids as a supplementary method to promote the quality and effectiveness of decision making for patients with diabetes. The implications of this paper Clinicians could incorporate patient decision aids as part of their clinical consultation, being fully considerate of the patient's preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To examine current practice of genetic counselling by nurses. Background: Recent debate argues that genetic counselling is a specialist advanced practice role, whilst others argue it is the role of all nurses. Current evidence is required to determine if genetic counselling could be included in all nurses' scope of practice. Design: Integrative literature review. Data Sources: A search of electronic databases (CINHAL, Medline, PubMed, Scopus), and reference lists published between January 2012 and March 2017, was undertaken. Review Methods: Studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Data from each study were extracted and categorized according to their primary findings. Results: The inclusion criteria were met in 10 studies. Main findings were identified: role of genetic counselling, current knowledge, need for further education, and client satisfaction with nurse genetic counsellors. Conclusion: This paper concludes that some nurses do engage in genetic counselling, but how they engage is not consistent, nor is there consensus about what should be the scope of practice. Further investigation into credentialing, role recognition support and education for nurse genetic counselling are strongly recommended. As nurses are widely available, nurses can make a significant contribution to supporting those affected by genetic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the concept of 'complex adaptive systems.' The construct is still nebulous in the literature, and a further explanation of the idea is needed to have a shared knowledge of it. A concept analysis was conducted utilizing Rodgers evolutionary method. The inclusive years of bibliographic search started from 2005 to 2015. The search was conducted at PubMed©, CINAHL© (EBSCO host©), Scopus©, Web of Science©, and Academic Search Premier©. Retrieved papers were critically analysed to explore the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept. Moreover, surrogates, related terms, and a pattern recognition scheme were identified. The concept analysis showed that complex systems are adaptive and have the ability to process information. They can adapt to the environment and consequently evolve. Nursing is a complex adaptive system, and the nursing profession in practice exhibits complex adaptive system characteristics. Complexity science through complex adaptive systems provides new ways of seeing and understanding the mechanisms that underpin the nursing profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Future nursing shortages and advanced technological developments mean that robots and automated devices could play a valuable role in nursing, but little has been published on their use, and outcomes, to date. Aim: This integrative review identified how robots are currently used in nursing and the outcomes of those initiatives. Design This study used integrative review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Data sources We searched the CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for peer‐reviewed papers published in English from January 2010 to August 2018. Review methods: The five‐stage review process by Whittemore and Knafl was used. Results: The 25 included papers showed that robots and automated devices were mainly used in nursing to deliver medication, monitor patients, and provide nursing treatments. The outcomes were evaluated in relation to patient safety, working time and workload, usability, and the end users' satisfaction. In addition, the costs, care outcomes, nurses' behaviour, and changes in working procedures were considered. Conclusions: Robots and automated devices have the potential to develop nurses' work, but more research and critical evaluations are needed to find the most suitable devices and focus on the functions that will provide the best outcomes for nurses' work. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? The use of robotics in care has been of increased interest to researchers in recent years.Nurses are the largest staff group in health care; and nursing shortages, greater care needs, and technological advances are driving the need for changes to nursing practice.A number of researchers have considered how automated devices can deliver traditional nursing functions. What this paper adds? This paper provides an integrated review of how robots and automated devices can be used in nursing.To date, the most commonly studied field has been dispensing medication, and the most frequent outcomes have been medication errors.Other research areas have been patient monitoring and nursing treatments, and studies have highlighted the outcomes of nursing workloads, working time, and user satisfaction.The implications of this paper: The results of this paper can be used to identify the nursing fields that can effectively use robotics and automated devices in clinical care and the expected outcomes. This knowledge can also be used by nursing managers to develop nurses' work.Based on our analysis of the existing research studies, it is very clear that more research is needed in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes evidence on effectiveness of diabetes self-care interventions for older adults with diabetes, and identifies factors influencing self-care behaviours. The search for articles published from 2002 to 2012 was done using electronic databases, namely, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Psyc INFO and PubMed. Search terms include diabetes, self-management, self-care, barriers and intervention. Out of 261 articles screened, 21 were selected for review. Findings revealed that interventions using concepts of self-efficacy, self-determination and proactive coping, and interventions incorporating information technology were effective in influencing diabetes self-care behaviours with improved health outcomes. Psychosocial factors influencing self-care include motivation, socioeconomic status, literacy, knowledge, social and health-care providers' support, and particularly for older adults, the key factors were their self-efficacy, motor skill and literacy in self-care activities. This review provides important insight for nurse practitioners to address psychosocial issues in developing self-care management programmes for older adults with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vital signs monitoring is an important nursing assessment. Yet, nurses seem to be doing it as part of a routine and often overlooking their significance in detecting patient deterioration. An integrative literature review was conducted to explore factors surrounding ward nursing practice of vital signs monitoring in detecting and reporting deterioration. Twenty papers were included. The structural component of a Nursing Role Effectiveness Model framework, which comprises of patient, nurse and organizational variables, was used to synthesize the review. Patient variables include signs of deterioration displayed by patients which include physical cues and abnormal vital signs. Nursing variables include clinical knowledge, roles and responsibilities, and reporting of deteriorating vital signs. Organizational variables include heavy workload, technology, and observation chart design. This review has highlighted current nursing practice in vital signs monitoring. A myriad of factors were found to surround ward practice of vital signs monitoring in detecting and reporting deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of the study is to explore the experiences of nurses providing home‐based palliative care for patients who live in country settings. Methods: This study is an integrated literature review. Electronic databases, specific journals of interest, and reference lists were searched using key words and Boolean operators. Descriptive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify main themes and subthemes. Critical appraisal of the articles was conducted using the qualitative Critical Appraisal Skills Program guidelines. Primary research articles published in English, in peer‐reviewed journals from 1990 to 2017, were included. Results: Twelve articles were included in this review. Two main themes emerged including the nature of nursing in country communities and nurses' emotional responses. The first main theme had the subthemes of community connections, geographical distance and isolation, organizational deficits, lack of education, and resources. The second main theme consisted on five subthemes including feeling rewarded, autonomy and professional isolation, hope and hopelessness, frustration, and fear. Conclusion: Literature is sparse reporting the lived experience of nurses providing palliative care in country areas for patients wanting to die at home. An increase in demand for a home‐based palliative nursing service will require additional funding globally to meet this increase in the future. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Community nurses in country areas provide care to diverse groups of patients including those requiring palliative care.Community nurses work in multidisciplinary health care services in a range of settings.Some country general community nursing teams are supported by specialist palliative care teams. What this paper adds? Nurses who reside and work in country areas have many levels of connectedness with local communities on a professional and personal level.There are many challenges and rewards experienced by community nurses providing care for patients wishing to die at home.Caring for patients in their own homes involves a different approach in nursing care. The implications of this paper: This paper indicates there is a need for more in‐depth studies into the lived experiences of community nurses who provide home‐based palliative care in country communities.Future research needs to identify in specific terms the professional support needed by these nurses to inform organizational and government policy as the need for increased services emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This integrative review synthesizes the current knowledge on school‐aged children's satisfaction with nursing care in acute care settings. Background: Children identify aspects of nursing care that are not valued by their parents. This fact confirms the relevance of properly assessing children's satisfaction. Design An integrative review was performed. Data sources A search for empirical studies was carried out in databases using the following search terms: satisfaction AND views OR opinions OR perceptions AND child AND nurs*. Review methods: The search was limited to full‐text studies involving children from 6 to 12 years old, written in English or Portuguese, and published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2016. Twenty qualitative studies and three quantitative studies were included for revision and were analysed by two independent reviewers. Results: Three themes emerged: expectations of nursing care, experiences with care, and suggested strategies. Expectations and experiences allowed us to identify work within three main domains: personal domain (nurses' characteristics), professional domain (nurses' activities), and environmental domain (interaction between nurses and the environment). Conclusion: It is important to recognize children's rights to express their opinions about the nursing care they receive. Evaluation of both patients' and children's satisfaction should be systematically performed. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Parents' opinion does not mirror their children's perspectives at school age.Satisfaction with the care provided by nurses is evaluated by making comparisons with previous experiences. What this paper adds? Children identify important aspects of nursing care.Core attributes of children's satisfaction with nursing care can be uncovered through these descriptions.The environment plays a significant role in children's expectations and, consequently, in satisfaction with care. The implications of this paper: Valid and reliable tools are needed to better understand and consistently measure satisfaction with nursing care in school‐aged children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a systematic review that sought to answer the research question: what is the experience of women living and coping with type 2 diabetes? A range of relevant terms were identified and electronic databases were searched. Only qualitative studies that explored the meaning of living and coping with type 2 diabetes and that included adult women aged ≥ 18 years were considered. We found evidence that women are challenged by their multi-caregiving roles and the complexities of managing their diabetes simultaneously. For female patients with diabetes, holistic care and individual psycho-education programmes appear to be facilitate more effective and successful diabetes management. In addition, carer programmes that provide information so that family and friends can support and assist the woman with diabetes are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing students are required to develop clinical knowledge, skills and attitudes for professional practice. However, objectivity and parity of students' clinical assessments has been questioned. In the last decade, more objective techniques have been developed, with increased use of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations. We reviewed objective clinical assessment measures used in preregistration nursing courses to determine utilization and the validity and reliability of assessment techniques. A systematic search was made of quantitative research publications between 2000 and May 2011, identifying 16 studies that were subsequently reviewed. The validity and reliability of studies varied, with six studies judged as high quality, using various methodologies. This paper describes methods of instrument development and reports on their application in preregistration nursing programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effects of family‐centred care on hospitalized preterm infants. Background: With an increase in published reports on family‐centred care for preterm infants, there is a need for an up‐to‐date review and meta‐analysis of rigorously designed studies to measure the effects of family‐centred care on preterm infants. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources The Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2017), PubMed (1966 to December 2017), CINAHL (1982 to December 2017), EMBASE (1974 to December 2017), and Web of Science (1975 to December 2017) databases were searched. Review methods: Relevant terms were used to search for randomized controlled trials of family‐centred care versus standard care. A modified rating scale was utilized to assess studies for the degree of family‐centredness of the intervention. Results: Four studies involving 1026 preterm infants were included. Compared with standard care, family‐centred care shortened the total length of hospital stay and length of neonatal intensive care unit stay. There was inadequate evidence to demonstrate any effects of family‐centred care on infant morbidity, feeding, growth, or neurobehavioural performance. Conclusion: Family‐centred care is an effective and safe intervention to shorten the length of stay in the hospital and improve survival quality among hospitalized preterm infants. What is already known about this topic? Various family‐centred care programmes have been reported to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants in hospitals and to benefit the parents of preterm infants; however, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis of family‐centred care in preterm infants.What this paper adds? This review and meta‐analysis identifies the types and effectiveness of family‐centred care for preterm infants. The implications of this paper: Standardized guidelines are needed to promote family‐centred care practices.Healthcare providers should have a better understanding of family‐centred care and recognize the crucial role played by parents in infant care.Further research is needed to explore the short‐ and long‐term effects of family‐centred care on preterm infants with well‐designed interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of cognitive‐behavioural therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods: Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Pubmed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched up to June 2017, as well as grey literature and databases hand searches. Quality assessment, heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed. Stata12.0 software was used for pooled estimates. Results: Seven eligible reports were included in the final analysis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score was higher in the cognitive‐behavioural therapy group than in the control group at the final follow‐up in inflammatory bowel disease patients (P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference in the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (P = 0.751), Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index score (P = 0.747), State Anxiety score (P = 0.988), Trait Anxiety score (P = 0.681), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire score (P = 0.936) at the final point of follow‐up. A funnel plot showed no publication bias (P = 0.98). Conclusion: Cognitive‐behavioural therapy appeared to support higher quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with a control group at the final follow‐up point but had no effect on disease activity, anxiety, or perceived stress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can be an acceptable adjunctive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients, but the effect of cognitive‐behavioural therapy is limited. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about the topic? There is some research on cognitive‐behavioural therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, but the results remain inconsistent.There is no meta‐analysis of efficacy of cognitive‐behavioural therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients.What this paper adds? Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can be an acceptable adjunctive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients, but its effect is limited.The implications of this paper: Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can be an acceptable adjunctive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Examine the state of the science for pain management in children living in low‐middle income countries (LMIC). Background: Significant challenges exist in pain management for children living in LMIC. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines for quality of reporting. Literature searches were completed using Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for publications between January 2006 and August 2016 using MeSH and primary search terms pain and LMIC. Full text publications were evaluated using GRADE criterion and methodology specific evaluation tools. Results: Of 1510 publications identified, 31 met the criteria for inclusion. Data were categorized into three broad themes: (1) magnitude of the pain problem with subthemes describing the burden of and resources for paediatric pain management; (2) perceptions, experience, and practices for managing pain in children residing in LMIC with subthemes addressing health care providers, parent/caregiver and children, respectively; and (3) pain management practices with pain assessment and treatment strategies as subthemes. Conclusion: Current data on paediatric pain management in LMIC are limited with respect to describing the burden of pain, children's pain perceptions and experiences, and pain management practices. Rigorous investigations are needed to expand knowledge and address the pervasive problem of pain for children in LMIC. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? There is consensus that inadequate pain management is a major global challenge particularly for children residing in low‐middle income countries (LMIC).Evidence suggests that limited pain management resources are a significant barrier towards managing paediatric pain in LMIC.What this paper adds? Report on the current state of the science of paediatric pain management in LMICElucidates on the evidence and the gaps regarding identification of the burden of pain for children living in LMIC.Explore the available evidence and discuss additional gaps in the contribution and impact of environmental and sociocultural beliefs and practices related to pain assessment and management for children in LMIC.The implications of this paper: Provides a synthesis of the available data to inform the development of evidence‐based practices and policies to address paediatric pain in LMIC.Identify limited studies and the existing gaps in research related to paediatric pain management that urgently need to be addressed to facilitate change in practice and policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lang DSP, Hagger C, Pearson A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2011; 17: 357-369 Safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult cancer patients: A systematic review The purpose of this study is to critically appraise, synthesize and present the best available evidence related to the safety of rapid rituximab infusion in adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. Data are from published and unpublished studies from electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised by two independent reviewers for methodological validity using standardized critical appraisal instruments. Proportional meta-analysis based on DerSimonian-Laird weights using a random effects model was used for statistical pooling through Stats Direct. Heterogeneity is assessed using Cochran Q. When statistical pooling is not possible, the findings were presented in narrative summary. Rapid rituximab infusion is safe for non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients at a 90 min regimen. However, there is insufficient evidence to support rapid rituximab infusions for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]