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Aim: This systematic review aims to identify methodological and ethical challenges in designing and conducting research at the end of life from the perspective of researchers and provide a set of recommendations. Background: Conducting research with patients and family carers facing end‐of‐life issues is ethically and methodologically complex. Design: A systematic review was conducted. Data sources Four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo) were searched from inception until the end of 2021 in February 2022. Review methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews was followed, and the JBI Approach to qualitative synthesis was used for analysis. Results: Seventeen of 1983 studies met inclusion criteria. Data were distilled to six main themes. These included (1) the need for flexibility at all stages of the research process; (2) careful attention to timing; (3) sensitivity in approach; (4) the importance of stakeholder collaboration; (5) the need for unique researcher skills; and (6) the need to deal with the issue of missing data. Conclusion: The findings illuminate several considerations that can inform training programmes, ethical review processes and research designs when embarking on research in this field. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Conducting research with patients and their relatives at the end of life brings many ethical and methodological issues.Healthcare providers are often protective and can limit researchers' access to patients.Recruitment of participants is often very difficult as response rates are usually low. What this paper adds? Engaging in research about end‐of‐life care requires flexibility, sensitivity and attention to ethical challenges, as well as adjustment to the organizational and legislative‐juridical contexts.Gatekeeping processes may be improved by involving stakeholders in all parts of a research project, and this also helps to maximize a project's implementation and sustainability after the end of the research.End‐of‐life research can be emotionally challenging for researchers, and this should be reflected in adequate training and emotional support. The implications of this paper: The results show that the Chinese version of the Self‐Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory is simple and accessible, and nurses can use it to assess patients' capacity for self‐care regularly.There is a paucity of literature on the methodological issues that are faced when conducting research in this area.Future training, education and support of researchers in palliative and end‐of‐life care should seek to address the challenges that are identified in this review.End‐of‐life research may be emotionally challenging for researchers, and this will also require consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This qualitative systematic review aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the self‐management experience of older patients with multimorbidity worldwide. Methods: Nine databases were searched, for papers published from database inception to April 2023. The systematic review was conducted according to the systematic review method of qualitative evidence by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: Seven studies were included. Finally, four themes and 12 subthemes were formed: (1) physical level: reduced physical function and lack of coordinated care; (2) psychological level: mental state of anxiety and positive attitude towards life; (3) social level: technical support, support from family, support from healthcare workers and support from others; and (4) practical level: economic burden, lifestyle changes, self‐care in daily life and compliance was much lower than expected. Conclusions: To improve self‐management in older people with multimorbidity, nurses should provide more guidance to patients to improve their self‐management skills, and clinicians should recommend effective self‐management behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic?: Globally, approximately 50% of older people aged over 65 years demonstrate multimorbidity, with sharp increases in the prevalence in this population.In recent years, the phenomenon of older people with multimorbidity has received increasing attention, and there has been an increase in the number of related qualitative studies. While these studies provide an in‐depth account of experiences among samples, synthesizing these findings can help identify similarities and differences, as well as gaps in current knowledge. Therefore, there is a need for systematic evaluation and meta‐integration of the results of multiple qualitative studies to obtain deeper, more comprehensive findings. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The practice of self‐management in older patients with multimorbidity should include the physical, psychological, social and practical levels of the patient.As the primary providers of health services, nurses should sensitize older patients with multimorbidity to the susceptibility and severity of their disease and help them to improve their self‐management skills.Clinicians need to recommend effective self‐management behaviours to implement into the daily lives of older patients with multimorbidity in their clinical practice. What are the implications for practice?: These findings remind us that clinical healthcare professionals should be patient‐centred and focus on the personal experience of self‐management in older adults with multimorbidity.Findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to focus on diversifying management strategies and the need to provide targeted self‐management guidance to older patients with multimorbidity to help them improve their self‐management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The inquiry explored immigrant informal caregivers' experiences and perceptions about engaging with professional services in the host country. Background: The number of informal caregivers is rising, with more people providing home caring. Nurses and other health services are crucial in supporting informal caregivers. Research needs to focus more on immigrants, not just other caregivers. Design: This was a scoping review. Data Sources: Five databases (January 2017–December 2022) were searched, and 16 articles were included in this inquiry. Review Methods: This scoping review used the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review methodology. This inquiry asked one question: What is the current knowledge about immigrant informal caregivers' experiences and perceptions when engaging mainstream professional services? Themes were identified using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Three themes emerged from the review: 'finding cultural bridges: culturally connecting with services'; 'building cultural bridges: addressing "them and us" and "acculturation‐sensitive services"'. Conclusion: Professional service providers are currently not meeting immigrant caregivers' needs. New knowledge is presented, that nurses and health professional services must provide acculturation‐sensitive care, commencing with an assessment of the individual's acculturation status. By understanding acculturation status, nurses are more likely to customize person‐centred care. Acculturation status refers to the degree that the individual has adapted to the new culture while retaining some traditional cultural beliefs and practices. Acculturation‐sensitive care is more likely to provide authentic holistic care that optimizes well‐being. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses and other health services are crucial in engaging and supporting informal caregivers when providing person‐centred care.The number of informal caregivers is rising due to ageing individuals, and more care was provided at home during the COVID‐19 pandemic. What this paper adds? The cultural background of informal caregivers and their care recipients influences their service use in the new country, as does education and financial resources.Immigrant caregivers questioned the appropriateness of professional services to meet their cultural needs.Cultural needs can be met through acculturation‐sensitive nursing; a new proposed approach that assesses the cultural status of individuals in order to determine appropriate culturally and religiously sensitive person‐centred care. The implications of this paper: As yet, nurses and other health professional services are not providing acceptable, culturally and religiously sensitive care that meets the needs of immigrant informal caregivers; urgent education and professional development are required about acculturation‐sensitive care.All professional services, particularly nurses, should assess acculturation status and be well placed to support caregivers, such as navigating health systems, while adapting to a new country and culture occurs.Professional services, particularly nurses, need to advocate for immigrant informal caregivers by connecting with ethnic groups to provide comprehensive education to enhance awareness of support needs for families with chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the levels and influencing factors of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses. Background: Intensive care unit nurses have a high mental workload level. To our knowledge, no meta‐analytic research investigating the levels of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses and related factors has yet been performed. Design: This article is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched from the database setup dates until 31 December 2022. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide reportage of the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Results: Seventeen studies were included. In these studies, the pooled mean score of mental workload was 68.07 (95%CI:64.39–71.75). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that intensive care unit nurses' mental workload differed significantly by countries, sample size and publication year. The mental workload influential factors considered were demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. Conclusion: Hospital administrators should develop interventions to reduce mental workload to enhance the mental health of intensive care unit nurses and nursing care quality. Hospital managers should pay attention to the mental health of nurses and guide them to correctly relieve occupational stress and reduce mental workload. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The prevalence of mental workload among ICU nurses is higher than in other departments in hospital.There are no published systematic review and meta‐analysis studies that synthesize the current evidence. What this paper adds? This review estimated overall mental workload scores, which indicated that ICU nurses have a high level of mental workload.The levels of mental workload among ICU nurses may be influenced by multiple factors, classified for this review in terms of demographic, work‐related and psychological factors. The implications of this paper: Demographic, work‐related and psychological variables should be taken into account in developing comprehensive interventions to reduce nurses' mental workload.Similar meta‐analyses in the future can evaluate other healthcare workers and those in other regions to determine in what departments the level of mental workload is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Advanced Practice Nurses are expected to provide lifesaving care to patients with complex acute illnesses in emergency and critical care settings. However, little is known about their competencies and barriers to practice in emergency and critical care settings. This review investigated these nurses' competencies to practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O′Malley's framework. Extensive research searches were conducted using seven electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Ichushi Web, Mednar and GreyNet International. Definitions and explanations of Advanced Practice Nurse competencies were categorized into elements and grouped according to similarity. Results: The database searches identified 2,483 studies, and data were extracted for 23 studies. Analysed studies were published between 2000 and 2021 and conducted in eight countries. Seven competencies were identified: performing advanced practice nursing, acute patient care, diagnostic assessment, interdisciplinary collaboration and consultation, leadership and system management, documenting patient care and supporting patient and family decision‐making. Conclusion: This review identified competencies unique to Advanced Practice Nurses in emergency and critical care settings. Further research is required to facilitate understanding of the crucial roles of advanced care nurses among healthcare providers. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Advanced practice nurses contribute to patient outcomes in emergency and critical care settings.There is no review of the competencies to practice required or experienced by these nurses.What this paper adds? Advanced practice nursing competencies include performing advanced practice nursing, acute patient care, diagnostic assessment, interdisciplinary collaboration and consultation, leadership and system management, documenting patient care and supporting patient and family decision‐making.The implications of this paper: Further qualitative studies may be needed to better understand the types and status of Advanced Practice Nurses' competencies to practice in emergency and critical care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The high incidence of malnutrition in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery can lead to unplanned weight loss, sarcopenia and reduced grip strength to the extent that it can seriously affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Objective: This study investigated the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the prevalence of grip strength, unplanned weight loss and sarcopenia in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan‐Fang database, VIP database) from database creation to September 2023. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the five GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3 software, and information that could not be meta‐analysed was reviewed in the form of a literature summary. Results: Eleven papers met the inclusion criteria with a combined sample size of 1070 cases, including 532 cases in the trial group and 538 cases in the control group. Four papers reported the effect of ONS on grip strength and included very low‐quality evidence supporting no effect of ONS on grip strength. Ten studies reported the effect of ONS on body weight and body mass index (BMI) and included very low‐quality evidence supporting a positive ONS on weight and BMI changes. Meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in weight loss (12–15 weeks) and BMI loss (12–15 weeks) in patients with colorectal cancer in the ONS group. The effect of ONS on the prevalence of sarcopenia after hospital discharge was reported in two studies, and meta‐analysis showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients in the ONS group, but the quality of evidence was low. Conclusions: This study showed that the use of ONS in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer improved patient weight loss and BMI reduction and reduced the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia but did not improve patient grip strength. The quality of evidence for inclusion in the article was low or very low, and further studies are needed to provide better evidence. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Some guidelines recommend the use of oral nutritional supplements in the perioperative and postoperative phases for patients with colorectal cancer.Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the ability of oral nutritional supplements to improve weight and BMI and reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia in cancer patients. What this paper adds? For the first time, a systematic review was conducted using the malnutrition diagnostic criteria recommended by the Global Malnutrition Leadership Initiative consensus published in 2019, with unplanned weight loss, BMI change, prevalence of sarcopenia and grip strength as outcome indicators.Oral nutritional supplements reduce the prevalence of postoperative sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer but do not improve patients' grip strength. The implications of this paper: This study adds to the existing evidence for the use of oral nutritional supplements in perioperative and postoperative follow‐up periods for colorectal cancer.Nursing and other healthcare professionals should use evidence of the effectiveness of oral nutritional supplements to improve nutritional support for patients with colorectal cancer in the perioperative and postoperative periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to analyse the effect of menthol on thirst intensity and thirst comfort in surgical patients. Background: Menthol has achieved good results in quenching thirst in patients in intensive care units, but its safety and reliability in perioperative fasting patients are unknown. Design: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of intervention studies was performed. Data Sources: We used Chinese and English databases from their dates of inception to May 2022. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINHAL, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently examined the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted the data of each included study. Results: A total of seven studies were identified in this review, which included 537 surgical patients. Overall, menthol reduced thirst intensity in surgical patients and decreased thirst discomfort. Further subgroup analysis revealed that the menthol intervention significantly improved thirst intensity in surgical patients during preoperative and postoperative fasting periods. The Egger's tests showed no significant bias (p = 0.113 and 0.553, thirst intensity and thirst discomfort, respectively). Conclusion: Menthol intervention effectively improved thirst intensity and thirst discomfort during fasting in surgical patients, but more large‐scale, multicentre randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings further. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Thirst is a common symptom of discomfort during fasting in surgical patients.Thirst in surgical patients is an underappreciated, unmeasured and undertreated symptom. What this paper adds? It is safe and feasible to administer menthol immediately after surgery to patients undergoing surgery.Menthol intervention during fasting in surgical patients can significantly reduce thirst intensity and improve thirst discomfort.More high‐quality trials are essential to explore optimal menthol interventions during fasting in surgical patients. The implications of this paper Menthol provides a safe and effective thirst‐quenching method for perioperative fasting in surgical patients.Menthol reduces thirst intensity and thirst discomfort in surgical patients postoperative fasting periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aims to assess the effect of comprehensive nursing care on liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy in China. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the effect of comprehensive nursing care against standard care on liver cancer patients undergoing specific interventional therapies in China, including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL till June 2023. Data synthesis was conducted using a random‐effects model and reported as pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Ten Chinese studies with 1682 participants were evaluated. Comprehensive nursing care significantly enhanced patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment. Quality of life improved markedly (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06–0.41). Notable reductions were observed in anxiety (MD: −8.96, 95% CI: −11.52 to −6.40) and depression (MD: −9.47, 95% CI: −11.79 to −7.14). Patients also experienced increased physical (SMD: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15–2.25), social (SMD: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.14–2.16) and activity scores (SMD: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.49–2.39), alongside a decrease in post‐treatment complications (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21–0.37), demonstrating the multifaceted benefits of comprehensive care. Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing care may improve patient outcomes in liver cancer treatment, offering potential benefits in reducing the side effects of interventional therapy. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Liver cancer patients undergoing interventional therapy often experience significant physical and psychological challenges.Comprehensive nursing care has been hypothesized to offer potential benefits in addressing these challenges.There is limited evidence on the exact impacts of comprehensive nursing care on these patients, leading to knowledge gaps in its applicability and efficacy. What this paper adds? This review demonstrates that comprehensive nursing care can lead to significant improvements in the quality of life for liver cancer patients in China.This review provides evidence that comprehensive care reduces levels of anxiety and depression in these patients.This review shows that this approach boosts physical, social function and activity scores while also reducing post‐treatment complications. The implications of this paper: This paper suggests integrating comprehensive nursing care as a standard practice, given its potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.This research emphasizes the importance of equipping oncology nurses with comprehensive care skills and expanding their roles to ensure optimal patient outcomes.Despite promising results, there is a need for further high‐quality, randomized controlled trials to confirm these findings and delve deeper into other potential benefits and best practices of comprehensive nursing care for liver cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia are a group of non‐cognitive symptoms such as agitation, physical aggression, depression, sexual disinhibition and psychosis. Therapeutic approaches vary because of the multifactorial and complex symptomology. The researchers of this study aimed to systematically review the nonpharmacological interventions for BPSD used by nurses in acute and subacute hospital settings. Design: The PRISMA guidelines guided this systematic review. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020184015). Method: The databases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) complete, Medline complete, Excerpta Medica (Embase®) and PsycINFO published by the American Psychological Association (APA) were searched for studies published in English to October 2021. Quality appraisal was performed independently by three reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools. Data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Results: Two studies were identified that focused on interventions used by nurses; findings were positive for the use of nonpharmacological interventions to manage BPSD. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that nonpharmacological interventions are the best practices to manage BPSD. However, limited, and low‐quality evidence suggests that further investigation is required to understand the factors contributing to the lack of use of nonpharmacological interventions by nurses in acute and subacute hospital settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur for approximately 95% of patients diagnosed with dementia and significantly impact individuals, families, communities and healthcare systems.Due to the limited benefits and potential harm of pharmacological interventions, nonpharmacological interventions are considered the first line of treatment to manage BPSD in clinical practice.Previous systematic reviews were limited to interventions implemented by a multidisciplinary team or nonpharmacological therapies conducted mainly in a residential or long‐term care setting.What this paper adds? The existing body of evidence ascertains nonpharmacological interventions are effective in managing BPSD in patients with dementia.The authors of this review identified a gap in research for the nonpharmacological interventions used by nurses in acute and subacute hospital settings.The implications of this paper: This systematic review acknowledges the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce aggression and agitation in patients with dementia.It highlights two major gaps in the research: that there are very few studies conducted in hospital settings, and no studies report the use of nonpharmacological interventions by nurses on any symptoms of BPSD other than aggression in the hospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This review investigated the outcomes and methodological quality of infant sleep intervention studies utilizing actigraphy. Background: Parents need appropriate support for infant sleep from nurses. There are few methodological reports of actigraphy in infant sleep intervention studies that objectively measure infant sleep in a natural setting. Design: This was a systematic review study. Data Sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from database establishment to 30 December 2021. Review Methods: This systematic review utilized the Cochrane Collaboration review guidelines. Results: Eleven sleep intervention studies were reviewed. Three used extinction‐based behavioural interventions, and eight included parental education programs. The infant sleep interventions positively affected the sleep outcomes of both infants and parents. Fairly consistent effects were found on infants' number of awakenings and sleep onset latency. However, parental psychosocial outcomes were inconsistent. All studies reported device placement, the algorithm for analysis, the use of a sleep diary and number of days/nights, but external movements affecting infants' sleep records were insufficiently reported. Only two studies had a low risk of bias. Conclusions: The infant sleep interventions had positive effects on both infants and their parents. Comprehensive methodological considerations are required for more standardized assessments using actigraphy for infant sleep evaluation. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Strong evidence exists that behavioural interventions improve infant sleep.Infant sleep interventions using actigraphy have gradually increased in paediatric sleep research. What this paper adds: Behavioural interventions were found to be fairly effective for infants' sleep onset latency and night‐wakings.Parental education programs were inconsistent in their effectiveness on infant sleep outcomes, compared to extinction‐based behavioural interventions. Infant behavioural sleep interventions also did not show consistent positive effects on parental variables.The use of actigraphy with infants is challenging in terms of comparability across studies due to the lack of standardized criteria for defining and scoring daytime and nighttime sleep data, and unexpected external movement detection due to variability of infants' sleep conditions. The implications of this paper: This study contributes to nursing knowledge and practice by increasing the feasibility of implementing infant behavioural sleep interventions using actigraphy and considering family contexts.Meta‐analysis is needed to clarify the effectiveness of infant sleep interventions, and further studies should investigate the long‐term effects of infant sleep interventions.In infant sleep intervention studies using actigraphy, it is necessary to use subjective and objective measures as complementary modalities. Follow‐up studies are needed to establish standards in actigraphic measurement and reporting methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to map intimate partner violence evidence among indigenous women and explore the prevalence, social and systemic factors contributing to this occurrence. Methods: This is a scoping review following the steps recommended by the JBI. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed®, Web of Science™, Embase, CINAHL and LILACS databases on March 2023. Studies that addressed the intimate partner violence topic among indigenous women and risk factors, without time and language limitations, were included. Detailed information was extracted, standardized by JBI. Results: Twenty studies of different designs were included, all published in English, between 2004 and 2022. A high intimate partner violence prevalence among indigenous women was identified, associated with a great diversity of risk factors. Conclusion: The great diversity of identified factors associated with its occurrence shows the complexity of this problem and the vulnerability of indigenous women. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Intimate partner violence is a serious social and public health problem.Worldwide, a third of women aged between 15 and 49 who have a partner have already experience or are experiencing intimate partner violence.One in three women experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime. What this paper adds? The study presents intimate partner violence prevalence among indigenous women based on evidence.The study explores the social and systemic factors that contribute to this prevalence. The implications of this paper: Nurses are necessary agents not only in providing care but also in articulating and developing strategies to deal with violence, especially intimate partner violence.In nurses' work with indigenous health, it is essential to understand the health–disease process in a broader way, including the ethnic–cultural aspects.The study points out that embracing, understanding and respecting cultural diversity and social support are aspects to be considered in prevention, protection and health promotion strategies for these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The primary aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the effects of home nurse visiting on infant weight and breastfeeding; the secondary aim is to determine the duration, frequency and content of home visits. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, Google Scholar and DergiPark databases for publications between September 2000 and January 2019 was conducted using established methods in compliance with the PRISMA‐P declaration guideline. Two authors independently evaluated the studies for inclusion and bias, extracted the data and checked their accuracy. Results: This meta‐analysis includes a total of 34 studies, 28 on breastfeeding and nine on infant weight. The average effect size of the 28 studies investigating the effect on breastfeeding was found to be OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.73–2.90; p < 0.001. The average effect size of the nine studies investigating the effect on infant weight was found to be ES: 0.197; 95% CI: 0.027–0.368; p < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an association between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. Home visits by nurses should continue to remain within the nursing role and be analysed appropriately for mother and baby health. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Two of the most important factors affecting infant morbidity and mortality are infant weight and breastfeeding.Although breastfeeding has numerous benefits for the baby, breastfeeding rates are decreasing in the world and in Turkey. Breastfeeding improves infant health and supports development.One of the factors that negatively affects infant health is low or below expected body weight. Inadequate weight gain will in turn negatively affect the healthy growth of the baby.It has been found that care, education and support related to breastfeeding and infant weight improve outcomes for babies and their mothers but there is no evidence that home visitation is an effective way to deliver this care. What this paper adds? Review results indicate home visits have a significant effect on improving infant health. A positive effect was detected between nurse home visits and breastfeeding and infant weight. The implications of this paper: Home visits should be presented and analysed appropriately for the mother and baby's health.Education, care and support during home visits help mothers breastfeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: The aims of the review are to synthesise current evidence about advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy and consider how this may inform clinical practice and research. Background: Clinical autonomy is one of the cornerstones of advanced nursing practice globally, yet there is limited synthesis of clinical autonomy in the literature. Design This is a narrative literature review. Data sources The databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCO host, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for publications between 2005 and 2020 inclusive. Review methods: A systematic approach was used to analyse the literature reviewed. Two reviewers undertook quality appraisal. Results: Nineteen articles were selected. Four major themes emerged: (1) 'ANP Stepping Up'—moving into and accepting advanced nursing practice roles and clinical responsibilities; (2) 'ANP Living It'—ANPs' ability to act independently including an understanding of task mastery and self‐determination; (3) 'ANP Bounce‐back ability'—depicted in challenges that threaten their ability to practice clinically autonomously; (4) 'ANP Setting in Motion'—indirect care activities and service‐level improvements. Conclusion: A clearer understanding of advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy could help develop more in‐depth knowledge. Research of advanced nurse practitioners' clinical autonomy would improve full utilisation in clinical practice. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Advanced nurse practitioners can encounter challenges that threaten their ability to practice clinically autonomously due to a lack of understanding from other healthcare professional about their roles.Without clarity about the levels of clinical autonomy of advanced nurse practitioners in clinical practice, service‐level impact will be undermined.Research related to the levels of clinical autonomy of the advanced nurse practitioner is sparse. What this paper adds? Advanced nurse practitioners must take responsibility for 'stepping up', but this requires collaboration to demonstrate their advancing clinical responsibilities and in expanding their scope of practice to enhance healthcare provision.The literature identified 'living it' as enabling advanced nurse practitioners clinical autonomy within their working environments, which requires professional support.Advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy involves the need for 'bounce‐back abilities' and 'setting in motion', which consists of developing self‐determination skills, leading and driving quality initiatives and service‐level improvements. The implications of this paper The importance of clearly articulating advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy in clinical practice is essential to healthcare reform transformation to support full utilisation of the role in clinical practice.The narrative review highlights a gap in knowledge related to the perceptions of advanced nurse practitioner clinical autonomy.This narrative literature review identified that the advanced nurse practitioner actual clinical autonomy in practice requires further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aimed to examine the content, frequency, duration, and outcomes of nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Background: Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes to acquire specific behavioural changes and develop effective problem‐solving skills. Design: A systematic review was used in this study. Data sources PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Ovid, CINAHL, Proquest and Scopus databases were searched for studies published in English until February 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Review methods: This study followed the recommendations of the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis. Results: Eight studies with 1747 participants met the inclusion criteria. Interventions included telephone coaching, consultation services and individual and group education. The duration of the intervention ranged from 3 to 15 months. The results showed that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes had positive and clinically significant effects on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: These findings highlight the important role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The positive outcomes of this review offer suggestions for health care professionals to develop effective self‐management programnmes in type 2 diabetes treatment and care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Prevention of complications and achievement of optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes is important. For this reason, self‐management is the basis of diabetes care.Diabetes self‐management programmes improve glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes by acquiring specific behavioural changes and developing effective problem‐solving skills.What this paper adds? These results show that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes have positive and clinically significant effects on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes with long follow‐up periods, taking at least 6 months and repeating programmes that include education and consultancy services at certain intervals appear more effective.The implications of this paper: These findings highlight the pioneering role of nurses in improving self‐management and achieving glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is recommended that nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes should be integrated into healthcare services and access.This review will guide the design of future studies related to nurse‐led diabetes self‐management programmes for individuals with type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 1 and 2 diabetes care, especially within primary health‐care settings, has traditionally involved doctor‐led clinics. However, with increasing chronic disease burden, there is scope for nurses to expand their role in assisting diabetes self‐management. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin in adults with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. Methods: Methodology from the Joanna Briggs Institute Method for Systematic Review Research and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, including identifying publications, assessing study quality, summarizing evidence and interpreting findings. The search strategy involved using the Medical Subject Headings and keyword variations when searching MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, PubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Inclusion criteria were samples with Type 1 or 2 diabetes, mean age of ≥18 years, English language studies and publication date of January 2011–December 2021. Results: Overall, 34 articles from 16 countries met inclusion criteria. Though not always clinically significant, results indicated that nurse‐led care had beneficial impacts on glycated haemoglobin values, with reductions from 0.03% to 2.0%. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. Conclusions: Findings support nurse‐led Type 1 and 2 diabetes care. Although further research is required, changes may necessitate increased recognition of nurse‐led care and funding. Nurse‐led care models should differ according to health‐care settings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Diabetes is the world's fastest growing chronic condition and is widely recognized as a leading global challenge to the health and well‐being of individuals, families and societies.What this paper adds? Findings highlight the effectiveness of nurse‐led care in reducing glycated haemoglobin values in patients with Type 1 or 2 diabetes. This was evident when nurses received formal training, used treatment algorithms, had limited medical support, utilized technology and offered defined culturally sensitive and appropriate diabetes care. The implications of this paper: There is scope for nurses to expand their role and assist diabetes self‐management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess if experimental warming interventions are superior to routine warming interventions in preventing perioperative hypothermia. Background: Perioperative hypothermia is a critical issue for the complications of surgery. There are various kinds of perioperative warming interventions, including experimental and routine warming interventions. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis for the randomized clinical trials of experimental warming interventions vs. routine warming interventions in the perioperative period. Findings: A total of 15 studies were included with 983 participants allocated to experimental warming interventions and 939 controls with routine warming interventions, who were receiving a variety of surgeries. The focused outcome was the intraoperative and postoperative body temperature. All included studies were randomized clinical trials. Among the participants receiving operations, the meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures compared to the experimental warming groups. The meta‐analysis results included positive mean differences, significant tests for overall effect and significant heterogeneity in the random‐effects model. Conclusions: In spite of significant heterogeneity, experimental warming interventions are likely to demonstrate superior warming effects when compared to routine warming interventions, as shown by the current meta‐analysis results of randomized clinical trials. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Perioperative hypothermia is a significant factor for prognosis within and after surgery.The difference between experimental and routine nursing interventions for maintaining intraoperative and postoperative body temperature was unknown. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis showed that routine warming intervention groups experienced significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative body temperatures when compared to experimental warming groups. The implications of this paper: Experimental warming interventions might be associated with superior warming effects.The heterogeneity of surgery type and experimental warming methods might limit the interpretation of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim was to examine the extent and scope of empirical research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital. Background: In a time of global nursing shortage, identifying variables that could positively contribute to the retention of the nursing workforce is essential. Prior research has shown that psychological capital correlates positively with employees' better performance and well‐being. Design: A scoping review. Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus covering the period from 1 January 2005 to 7 May 2023. Review methods: The JBI methodological guidance for scoping reviews was followed. The results were summarized narratively. Results: A total of 111 studies reported in 114 peer‐reviewed articles were included. Studies were carried out across 20 countries, with the majority from China (45), Australia (nine), Pakistan (nine), Canada (eight), South Korea (eight) and the United States (eight). A positive correlation was found between registered nurses' psychological capital and desirable work‐related outcomes, such as work engagement, commitment and retention intention. Conclusion: A comprehensive overview of research evidence suggests that psychological capital is associated with many positive work‐related outcomes and might therefore be a valuable resource for reducing nurse turnover. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The concept of psychological capital has been originally developed in the field of positive psychology.Psychological capital has been positively associated with many employees' desired work‐related outcomes, for example better performance, positive attitudes and well‐being.Nursing workforce researchers are increasingly interested in psychological capital as an emerging concept. What this paper adds: This review of 111 studies presents a broad overview of the research concerning registered nurses' psychological capital conducted in 20 countries.Psychological capital correlated positively with newly graduated nurses' and registered nurses' positive, work‐related outcomes such as engagement and retention intention as well as lower burnout level. The implications of this paper: Findings from this review can inform nurse managers and leaders who develop and implement strategies to promote staff well‐being and retention.Strengthening psychological capital might be beneficial both for individual registered nurses and the healthcare organizations where they work.There is a need for future research to investigate psychological capital outside the hospital settings and with longitudinal designs. The instruments identified need more cross‐cultural validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool among nurses. Background: Mental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool, focusing on nurses. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022. Review Methods: Following the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random‐effects meta‐analysis conducted. Results: Findings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front‐line nurses increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: These findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA‐TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Mental workload is a key element that can affect nursing performance and patient safety outcomes.Nursing is a stressful occupation, and nurses are at risk for high levels of mental workload. What this paper adds? The review, which involved 31 studies and 16,189 nurses around the world, found that nurses experienced high mental workloads, and identified several factors that contributed to their mental workload.This meta‐analysis identified trends indicating that that nurses from developing countries and those working in emergency departments may suffer higher mental workloads. The implications of this paper: Systematic evaluation of nurses' mental workload is important because it significantly affects nurses' work performance.Due to high heterogeneity, the findings should be considered with caution, and more high‐quality studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non‐critical care hospital wards is a stressful event for the registered nurse; stress may negatively affect performance. Delays in initiating basic life support and following current basic life support algorithms have been reported globally. Aim: The aim of this review was to investigate factors that can affect registered nurses' experiences of performing basic life support. Methods: Using the five‐step integrative literature review method from Whittemore and Knafl, this review searched articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 for qualitative and quantitative primary studies from the databases CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Medline (Web of Science), Scopus and PubMed. Results: Nine studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria and were appraised here. Five themes relating to factors affecting the performance of basic life support were found during this review: staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues. Conclusions: This review revealed several concerns experienced by registered nurses in performing basic life support and highlights a lack of research. Factors affecting nurses' experiences need to be understood. This will allow education to focus on consideration of human factors, or non‐technical skills during basic life support training, as well as technical skills, to improve outcomes for patients experiencing an in‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In‐hospital basic life support is not always performed at expected levels.There is very little information on factors affecting registered nurses' experiences in performing basic life support, especially in non‐critical areas.Although human factors, such as teamwork, have recently been added to cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, these are poorly understood regarding ward nurses' real‐life experiences. What this paper adds? Factors impacting registered nurses' performance of basic life support in non‐critical care wards included staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues. The implications of this paper: Factors affecting nurses in performing basic life support need to be understood in order to improve performance.The identification of barriers from the literature allows educators to include targeted discussion and education within basic life support training to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Falls lead to numerous negative health outcomes and jeopardize the physical function and quality of life in older adults. Cognitive impairment and physical frailty were found to be associated with the risk of falls, but there was no systematic review that estimated the association between cognitive frailty and the risk of falls. Methods: A systematic literature search of the cross‐sectional, cohort, and case–control studies in Cochrane library, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO was conducted on 3 September 2021. Study quality was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. A random effects meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of the incidence of falls in older adults with cognitive frailty. Results: Seven studies were included. The overall quality of the included studies was acceptable. The meta‐analysis of cohort studies showed older adults aged 60 and above with cognitive frailty had a pooled odds ratio of 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.30, 1.61) for at least one fall compared with those without cognitive frailty. The meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies showed that the odds of older adults with cognitive frailty experiencing at least one fall was 1.64 times (95% confidence interval 1.51, 1.79) higher than those without cognitive frailty. Conclusion: The association between cognitive frailty and the risk of falls is statistically significant. Timely detection of cognitive frailty is essential especially in the community nursing level for preventing falls. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Cognitive impairment and physical frailty are inextricably associated, and phenotype of cognitive frailty contains components that may leading to falls. What this paper adds? The association between cognitive frailty and the risk of falls among older adults is statistically significant. Timely detection of cognitive frailty in older adults is essential for fall prevention. The implications of this paper: Nurses especially in the community level should assess the cognitive function and physical frailty of older adults periodically, and special attention should be paid to older adults with cognitive frailty for fall prevention.Interventions such as physical and cognitive activities are suggested to improve older adults' cognitive frailty so that their risk of falls can be reduced.Further interdisciplinary research is needed to explore the methods of fall prevention among people with cognitive frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this work is to synthesize and interpret qualitative research examining the experiences of nurses providing care for patients with COVID‐19 in acute care settings in the early stages of the pandemic in different countries. Background: The prevalence of disasters, including the pandemic, is increasing globally. It is important to understand nurses' experiences in depth to effectively manage extraordinary events that may occur in the future. Design: This is a thematic meta‐synthesis study. Methods: Electronic databases, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, OVID, and Scopus, were searched for publications from December 2019 to October 2020. The search was updated for publications to 30 May 2022. The thematic synthesis method was used to analyse and interpret the data. Findings The experiences of the nurses giving care to patients with COVID‐19 were grouped under four themes: (1) Difficulties encountered in the care of patients with COVID‐19; (2) mixed emotions experienced in the care of patients with COVID‐19; (3) coping strategies that nurses used in the management of the pandemic; (4) the benefits of the COVID‐19 to nurses. Conclusion: Nurses faced many difficulties and experienced mixed emotions while providing care for patients with coronavirus disease. Perceived social support was seen as the most important strategy for coping with these difficult situations. It is important to be aware of the difficulties and emotions experienced by nurses and support them during the COVID‐19 pandemic for the management of future pandemics. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the health sector was affected most.Nurses were on the front lines and faced many challenges. What this paper adds? Nurses perceived the COVID‐19 pandemic as a unique experience for their professional identity and personal development despite the difficulties they faced.They saw social support, which would make them feel valuable, as the most important coping strategy. The implications of this paper Lessons learned from nurse experiences in the early stages of the pandemic should be taken into account when planning for a pandemic or other disaster situations.Politicians, health‐care organizations, and nurse managers should increase social support to ensure the well‐being of nurses in busy work environments such as pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to report on the extent and range of the research evaluating cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in adults with spinal cord injury. Background: Spinal cord injury is a devastating event that can lead to permanent neurologic deficit. Compared with the average person, spinal cord injury (SCI) patients are at twice the risk of developing mood disorders, highlighting vulnerability of SCI patients' mental states which can be easily hurt. CBT is the most commonly used psychosocial intervention. Design: This was a scoping review. Review method: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Airiti Library) were searched for articles published between 1990 and 2021. Google Scholar was utilized to search additional articles listed in the reference lists of included articles. Results: Overall, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, with the majority reporting on CBT, that focused on psychological distress and neuropathic pain. The core concept of intervention included disease identification, cognitive distortion/modification and coping strategies. Conclusions: There were significant knowledge gaps on the interventions' content and effectiveness for psychological distress of persons with SCI. Development of multifaceted cognitive behaviour interventions, especially to strengthen self‐identity and to inspire patients' hope, is needed. Further research is required to investigate the long‐term effectiveness of CBT. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Persons with spinal cord injury experience clinically significant levels of psychological distress.Cognitive behavioural intervention is the most commonly used psychosocial intervention.Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) may be effective in improving symptoms of depression, coping and adjustment in adults following SCI.What this paper adds? Findings offer an understanding of CBT which may contribute to clinical practice.Multiple gaps in the literature were identified in relation to study design, description of interventions and coping strategies.The implications of this paper: The three domains (disease identification, cognitive distortion/modification, and coping strategies) of CBT play a key role in promoting positive adjustment for patients with SCI.Further qualitative research is needed to increase our understanding of the coping experience of people with spinal cord injury and to identity transformation and the rebuilding of self‐worth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cryotherapy on oral mucositis management in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Background: Oral mucositis is among the most common symptoms of stem cell transplantation. Cryotherapy may be an important treatment option in the oral mucositis process. Design: A systematic review. Data Sources: A literature review of studies published in the English language was conducted on Web of Science, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, EBSCOhost/CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE databases until April 2022. The studies reviewed covered the years between 2006 and 2020. The data were summarized narratively. Review Methods: This systematic review was organized in accordance with the Cochrane 2022 guidelines and reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Results: Nine studies were included in the systematic review. No significant publication bias was found in the main results. The results showed that the cryotherapy intervention had a positive effect on oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Conclusions: In this systematic review of nine randomized controlled trials, the majority of the studies show that cryotherapy intervention can be an effective method for reducing oral mucositis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Oral mucositis creates fear and psychological distress in patients.This systematic review provides an overview of cryotherapy, a non‐pharmacological treatment modality that has an important place in the management of oral mucositis for patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. What this paper adds? Nurses, who have important roles and responsibilities in the management of oral mucositis, will increase the quality of care and decrease the use of opioids with cryotherapy for oral mucositis. The implications of this paper: This systematic review will increase nurses' knowledge and awareness of cryotherapy and can serve as a guide for healthcare professionals.Nurses should be properly trained in evidence‐based complementary and traditional medicine techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to examine the extent, range and variety of research in Europe describing healthcare interventions for older people with dementia (PwD) and family caregivers. Methods: This was a scoping review and followed the PRISMA Scoping Review guideline. MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane library databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2020. Studies reporting healthcare interventions in Europe for PwD over 65 years and their family caregivers were included. Results: Twenty‐one studies from six European countries were included. The types of healthcare intervention identified were categorized as follows: (1) family unit intervention (interventions for both PwD and their family caregiver), (2) individual intervention (separate interventions for PwD or family caregivers) and (3) family caregiver only intervention (interventions for family caregivers only but with outcomes for both PwD and family caregivers). Conclusions: This review provides insight into healthcare interventions for older PwD and family caregivers in Europe. More studies are needed that focus on the family as a unit of care in dementia. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In Europe, the population is ageing, and the number of People with Dementia (PwD) who require long‐term care and family support is increasing.A diagnosis of dementia is a 'family affair', as dementia is associated with physical, emotional and social costs for both PwD and their family caregivers, with impacts on family dynamics and functioning, even more so, when the PwD are older. What this paper adds? This scoping review provides insight into the types of healthcare interventions targeting older PwD and family caregivers in Europe.It reveals that most studies (n = 19; 90%) consider the family of PwD as the 'context of care' and not as a recipient of care. As a result, the focus of interventions is on the well‐being and health of the PwD first and the family second, being seen as a resource for the care of the PwD. Implications of the study The family plays a central role in long‐term care of older PwD.A holistic approach to dementia care is needed that focuses on the health of family caregivers of PwD, in addition to the health of PwD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Background: With an increased focus of studies on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants, there is a need for an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to measure the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, VIP Journal Integration Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc from database establishment to 28 April 2021. Review methods: We conducted the meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Integrative description was used for data that were not suitable for meta‐analysis. Results: A total of 380 studies between 1979 and 2021 were retrieved and 26 were included in this systematic review. Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure. Compared with routine care, maternal sound stimulation could help preterm infants achieve better physiological stability by reducing their heart rate and increasing their oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Maternal sound stimulation is a feasible and effective intervention for preterm infants, which is highly recommended in the clinical setting. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Hospitalized preterm infants suffer from frequent painful procedures, loud noises and early maternal separation.Maternal sound stimulation was not only a feasible way to achieve auditory stimulation for preterm infants but also to achieve early mother–infant contact.However, there has been no systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants. What this paper adds? Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure.Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce heart rate and increase oxygen saturation of preterm infants.Maternal sound stimulation showed positive effects on improving preterm infants' feeding process, feeding performance and physical growth. The implications of this paper: Neonatal nurses can apply maternal sound stimulation to preterm infants during painful procedures.It is necessary to develop a standard implementation protocol for maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants.Further research is needed to compare the effects between maternal sound stimulation and music stimulation to identify the best auditory stimuli for preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study aimed to present a broad overview of the research conducted and to synthesize evidence of the utility of nonpharmacological interventions for pain management in medical and surgical abortions. Background: High‐quality care for medical and surgical abortion requires pain to be managed effectively. However, women reported low satisfaction with pain management in abortion care. Design: A scoping review design was employed. Data sources No date limit was set. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Scopus were searched in April 2021. Review methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analysis extension‐Scoping Reviews was followed. Results: Fifteen studies were included. The results revealed that support interventions, music therapy, acupoint stimulation and hypnotic analgesia were nonpharmacological interventions used to decrease abortion pain. Conclusions: Clinical nurses, nurse managers and policymakers should attach full importance to the pain management in abortion and may use the study findings to guide the pain management practice. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Women reported maximum pain levels and low satisfaction with the current pain management of abortion.The quality of abortion care that women receive may impact their psychological well‐being.Nursing professionals lacked professional knowledge and awareness of pain management, which may impede the provision of high‐quality of abortion care. What this paper adds? Among the selected 15 studies, nonpharmacological pain management interventions included support interventions, music therapy, acupoint stimulation and hypnotic analgesia.Useful pain assessment tools, effective pain treatment and sufficient professional attendance are important components for relieving pain in abortion.Outcomes of pain, anxiety and satisfaction could be adopted for effectiveness evaluation. The implications of this paper Nursing professionals may use these findings to ensure better pain management in abortion care for women.Meta‐analysis is needed to clarify the respective effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions on pain, psychological outcomes, satisfaction and analgesic consumption.Relevant pain management training should be offered to nursing professionals in abortion care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to conduct a concept analysis of adolescents' emotional well‐being resulting from healthy social media use. Background: Adolescents are the group that uses mobile social media the most. They connect to others and achieve life satisfaction via social media. Here, we consider both the positive and negative aspects of social media use and recognize the need for clear guidance on proper social media use among adolescents. Design: This study utilized an eight‐step method of concept analysis. Data sources A systematic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo was conducted, and 10 articles were selected. Review methods: We defined attributes, model cases, antecedents, consequences and referents. Results: The attributes of adolescent emotional well‐being on social media are (a) relationships with others, (b) internet‐based communication and (c) being happy and maintaining emotional health. Adolescents use social media to feel safe, seek information and connect to others. Adolescents reported having better relationships and positive affect as a result of social media use. Conclusion: This concept analysis will help health‐care providers understand how adolescent emotional well‐being is attained through social media. Additionally, this study will provide the basis of behavioural theories and future interventions that guide adolescent use of social media. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Most adolescents use smartphones as a means of personal communication.Adolescents have both positive and negative feelings when using social media. What this paper adds? Adolescent emotional well‐being on social media is defined as 'being happy and maintaining emotional health through relationships with others on internet‐based communication'.Adolescents obtain better relationships and positive affects as a result of social media use. The implications of this paper Nurses can utilize the results of this study to guide adolescents and their parents in healthy social media use.Nursing interventions may be developed based on these findings to promote adolescent emotional well‐being through social media use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: An integrative review was conducted to synthesize published evidence on the prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia and patient risk factors, in adult patients treated for hyperkalaemia with intravenous insulin and dextrose. Methods: This review followed the framework by Whittemore and Knafl. Papers included were limited to English language studies involving participants who were aged 18 years and above and admitted in the inpatient acute care and emergency departments. The literature search was performed using five electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Proquest and Cochrane). Results: A total of 22 studies were included. Two main themes were derived—patient risk factors and prevention–intervention strategies. Five main patient risk factors were lower pretreatment blood glucose (<7 mmol/L), lower weight, renal insufficiencies, older age and nondiabetic. The four subthemes in the prevention–intervention strategies included (i) methods of administration and dosing of intravenous insulin and dextrose, (ii) frequency of blood glucose monitoring, (iii) education to healthcare professionals and (iv) rescue agents. Conclusions: Standardized computerized order sets and integrated decision tool that can advise appropriate prescription of a higher volume of dextrose or lower insulin dose according to patient risk factors, regular monitoring and reinforced education may prevent and mitigate the risk of hypoglycaemia. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Therapeutic effects of intravenous insulin and dextrose for hyperkalaemia treatment may contribute to the risk of hypoglycaemia which is a potential adverse complication.It is essential to establish the evidence on the prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia and significant patient risk factors, in adult patients treated for hyperkalaemia with combined intravenous insulin and dextrose.What this paper adds Five main patient risk factors are low pretreatment blood glucose value, low body weight, older age, renal insufficiencies and nondiabetic status with no previous history and no diabetic medication.Hypoglycaemia episodes occur as early as 1–3 h after IV insulin–dextrose therapy and can persist up to 6 h after treatment.The implications of this paper Standardized computerized order sets with an integrated decision tool can be generated to facilitate the administration of IV insulin and dextrose with the consideration of individual patient risk factors for rebound hypoglycaemia.Scheduled regular and intensive blood glucose monitoring for at least 8 h can ensure that hypoglycaemia will be attended to immediately.Re‐education and support for healthcare professionals on the specifics of administration of IV insulin and dextrose may prevent hypoglycaemia episodes from occurring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study purpose was to explore the relationships between family structure and function and adolescent reproductive health in the context of family systems in developing countries. Background: The structures and functions of family are important elements for adolescent reproductive health. However, few studies discuss their relationships with the reproductive health of adolescents. Design This study employed a scoping review design. Data sources The search was conducted for literature published from 2010 until 2020 using the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Science Direct sourcing full‐text papers in English. Original research papers that focused on family structures, family functions, and adolescent reproductive health were included. Review methods: Data extraction and analysis were completed on all retrieved studies. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Fifteen articles were included. The nature of the relationship between the family structures and functions on adolescent reproductive health were explained in the categories of (i) family process and life cycle, (ii) family norms and values, (iii) family communication patterns and processes, (iv) family roles and connectedness, and (v) family coaching and guidance. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that the relationships between family functions and structures and adolescent reproductive health were explained in multiple constructs. Further studies are needed to examine those constructs on reproductive health in adolescent in developing countries. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Adolescent reproductive health is the biggest concern among parents or families for development of life cycle.Relationships between family functions and structures on adolescent reproductive health, particularly in developing countries, have been identified, but little discussion has sought to understand the linkages. What this paper adds? This review demonstrates that family functions and structures in relation to adolescent reproductive health are explained in multidimensional constructs including family processes and life cycles, family norms and values, family communication patterns and processes, family roles and connectedness, and family coaching and guidance. The implication of this paper: This study serves to support family nurses to understand the multiple dimensions of family structures and functions before providing nursing care.Cross‐cultural competence should be emphasized among nurses and nursing students in advancing adolescent productive health among families in the community.Further study is needed to examine the constructs of family structures and functions to clarify interrelationships among dimensions of adolescent reproductive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke. Background: Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed. Methods: This was a meta‐analysis carried out by searching five international electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, as well as four national electronic databases, including Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Two groups of researchers screened the studies independently, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data. Meta‐analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Five studies on psychoeducational interventions were included. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a small effect of the interventions on improving family function (WMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.01, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences between the psychoeducation and control groups at 1 month postintervention (WMD: −0.12, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.05, P < 0.05) and more than 6 months postintervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.24 to −0.04, P < 0.05). The psychoeducational interventions also had positive effect on improving the problem solving (WMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.14 to −0.03, P < 0.05) and communication (WMD: −0.23, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.05, P < 0.05) functions of the family. There were significant differences in the group of dyad intervention (WMD: −0.14, 95% CI: −0.25 to −0.02, P < 0.05) and the group using face to face method (WMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.84 to −0.32, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Synthesized results demonstrated the favourable effect of psychoeducational interventions on the improvement of the family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication. Future psychoeducational intervention research design should consider the combination of multiple intervention methods and the applicable population of intervention. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Good family function can promote the physical and mental health of family caregivers, improve the life quality of stroke survivors and lighten a heavy burden on the whole family.Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed.What this paper adds? The psychoeducational intervention has a positive effect on family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication.The implications of this paper: The psychoeducational intervention can be an acceptable method to improve family function among families after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To outline and examine evidence related to the meaning of 'psychosocial vulnerability' among caregivers of persons with chronic illnesses. Background: The number of informal caregivers continues to rise globally. Their risk of psychosocial vulnerability is frequently overlooked, but understanding their psychosocial vulnerability may offer insights into meeting their needs. Design Scoping review following the PRISMA 2020 extension guidelines. Data sources The databases CINAHL, Embase, Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Lenus and ProQuest were systematically searched to identify original research. No date limit was set, and 23 studies were included. Review methods: A five‐step approach using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Thematic analysis guided data analysis. Results: Carers' psychosocial vulnerability occurs when they experience barriers to resources while access and use of supports reduce risk. Antecedents of psychosocial vulnerability include a carer's age and sex, socioeconomic status and their health and wellbeing. Psychosocial vulnerability affects carers' relationships and causes personal losses. Conclusions: The concept of carers' psychosocial vulnerability is complex. Recognition of carers at risk for psychosocial vulnerability would help nurses direct relevant support and information to carers who need it most. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Carers play an increasingly important role in the delivery of holistic care in the community.Barriers and access to relevant support and homecare remain an issue for carers and patients worldwide.Caregivers frequently succumb to vulnerability as a result of their new identification with the role as well as the duty tied to the role. What this paper adds? Findings offer an understanding of factors which may contribute to carers' psychosocial vulnerability.An overview of the impact of caring for individuals with a chronic illness on carers' lives. The implications of this paper Recognition of those at risk for psychosocial vulnerability could enable health care professionals to provide the relevant support and information to carers who need it most.Further qualitative research is needed to increase understanding of carers' experience of caring for someone with a chronic illness.Carers must be seen as essential components of healthcare in order to ensure connection between policy and service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed to synthesize evidence comparing task‐shifting interventions led by general practice nurses and mental health specialists in improving mental health outcomes of adults in primary care. Design This study used a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources: Articles from the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane EBM Reviews, Web of Science Core Collection, and ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis published between 2000 and 2020 were included. Review Methods: The review was arranged based on the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies revealed that nurse‐led intervention was significantly superior to its comparator. The review identified three major themes: training and supervision, single and collaborative care and psychosocial treatments. Conclusion: Nurses could be temporarily employed to provide mental health services in the absence of mental health specialists as long as appropriate training and supervision was provided. This finding should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias in the studies reviewed and the limited generalisability of their findings. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The shortage of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals has been causing treatment gaps in mental health care, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries.Task‐shifting or task‐sharing is one of the most promising strategies in addressing the treatment gap, but the involvement of nurses in this strategy is barely studied. What this paper adds? This paper explores the effect of task‐shifting and task‐sharing interventions led by general practice nurses for adults with mental disorders in primary care and found that nurses could deliver psychosocial interventions normally delivered by mental health specialists with at least the same quality provided they received proper training and supervision.This paper presented a theoretical framework of task‐shifting. The implications of this paper: In the absence of mental health services in primary care, general practice nurses could be temporarily employed to fill the vacancies.However, appropriate training and supervision are required before the programme is started to make sure that the nurses are adequately prepared to undertake the new roles in practice.The implementation of task‐shifting and task‐sharing requires a well‐planned and gradual implementation strategy to avoid burnout and workplace‐related distress in the target health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review aimed to summarize current research knowledge about the relationships between nurse leaders' leadership styles and nurses' work‐related well‐being. Background: Due to the global shortage of nurses, it is essential for nurse leaders to maximize staff retention and work‐related well‐being. Methods: Following Cochrane Collaboration procedures, the PRISMA statement and PRISMA checklist, relevant quantitative studies published between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020 were retrieved from the CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Medic databases and then systematically reviewed. Seventeen cross‐sectional and follow‐up studies with surveys were retained for inclusion and evaluated with the Critical Appraisal of a Survey instrument. The data were summarized narratively. Results: Three core themes of leadership styles: destructive, supportive and relationally focused, were identified, with statistically significant direct and indirect connections between nurses' work‐related well‐being. Well‐being was mainly assessed in terms of burnout. Effects of leadership styles on work‐related well‐being were reportedly mediated by trust in leader, trust in organization, empowerment, work‐life conflict, relational social capital, emotional exhaustion, affectivity, job satisfaction and motivation. Conclusion: Nurse leaders' leadership styles affect nurses' work‐related well‐being. In developing intervention studies and providing training on work‐related well‐being, the impact of the indirect effects and the mediating factors of the leadership styles should be acknowledged. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurse leaders play a key role in maximizing staff retention and influencing healthcare organizations' productivity and effectiveness.Nurse leaders' leadership styles strongly affect the nursing staff, their working environment and work‐related well‐being. What this paper adds? This systematic review shows that nurse leaders' destructive, supportive and relationally focused leadership styles significantly affect nurses' work‐related well‐being.It provides detailed information regarding direct and indirect associations between leadership styles and work‐related well‐being and the mediating variables for indirect associations.The data suggest that nurse leaders should be capable of using supportive and relationally focused leadership styles. The implications of this paper Systematic evaluation of nurse leaders' leadership styles in organizations is important because they significantly affect nurses' work‐related well‐being.Results of this review could be used when developing nurse leaders' leadership styles and work environments and planning and implementing leadership training.In the developing of intervention studies on work‐related well‐being, the results of the indirect effects and the mediating factors of the leadership styles should be acknowledged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To synthesize qualitative evidence of premenopausal women's experiences of fertility decision‐making with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Background: Breast cancer is increasingly more common in premenopausal women who may have not yet considered starting a family or have completed their families. Design Qualitative evidence synthesis guided by Thomas and Harden's three‐stage approach to thematic analysis. Data Sources: Twelve electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, Embase, Pubmed, Proquest, PsychINFO, Lenus, Scopus, Web of Science, Rian.ie, Medline, EThOS e‐theses online and DART Europe. No year limit was set. Review Methods: The 'Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research guidelines' (ENTREQ) statement was followed. Results: Fifteen qualitative studies were included in the synthesis. Seven review findings under four major themes were identified: (1) first comes survival, (2) making decisions 'under the gun', (3) health‐care professionals should not make assumptions and (4) we want accurate, detailed information and we want it early. High confidence in six of the review findings was agreed. Conclusion: Most women experienced rushed fertility preservation decision‐making at a time when they also faced cancer treatment decisions. Women want detailed, clear information on fertility preservation early after their diagnosis. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Many premenopausal women with newly diagnosed breast cancer express their concerns about fertility.Many premenopausal women feel forced into making rapid decisions regarding fertility interventions. What this paper adds? After a diagnosis of breast cancer, premenopausal women's fear of a recurrence and desire to survive for their existing children can dominate their fertility decision‐making.Premenopausal women can feel forced into rapid decision‐making on fertility intervention at the same time as cancer treatment decisions and often in the context of health‐care professionals' assumptions on what they think a woman wants.Premenopausal women with breast cancer want more information, preferably from fertility experts, and they want it early after their cancer diagnosis. The implications of this paper: Health‐care professionals should reflect on any assumptions they may have about a woman's fertility and reproductive choices in the context of a cancer diagnosis and set these aside in any discussions with women.Health‐care professionals should focus on consistency in fertility information provision to all premenopausal women facing treatment for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of exercise interventions by type, duration and intensity of exercise for fatigue in breast cancer survivors who had completed their treatment. Background: Most studies found that exercise has valuable outcomes for cancer survivors. This meta‐analysis comprehensively summarizes the benefits of exercise intervention for fatigue in breast cancer patients who had completed their adjuvant treatments. Methods: We conducted a meta‐analysis on randomized control trials published during 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2019, from PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, EMBASE, Medline (ProQuest), CINAHL, PsycINFO, Chinese Electronic Periodical Service and Wan Fan Data with prespecified searching criteria. Breast cancer patients earlier than stage IIIc and completing adjuvant treatments were included, and the effects of exercise on fatigue were investigated. Results: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included (N = 581). Patients receiving exercise interventions showed reduced fatigue comparing with those without exercise. Exercise with low–moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week and lasting up to 12 weeks had a significant effect on reducing fatigue for breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that exercise interventions can reduce fatigue for this group of cancer survivors. The duration and intensity of exercise intervention could be prescribed for this specific group of cancer patients as a basic requirement to handle their reported fatigue. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Previous meta‐analysis has shown that exercise interventions can affect fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after their adjuvant treatment. What this paper adds? Exercise at a low to moderate intensity, 20 min/day, three times per week, at 12‐week follow‐up reduced fatigue for breast cancer survivors who completed adjuvant treatment.The intensity of exercise interventions could be included in guidelines, to help patients in handling their reported fatigue. The implications of this paper: Findings support the positive effects of exercise interventions in reducing fatigue in women with breast cancer, suggesting that health‐care professionals and nurses may consider including exercise programmes into management plans for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To present the findings of a systematic review on reported quality of life following the formation of a urinary diversion as a result of cystectomy due to urinary bladder neoplasm. Background: Bladder cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer of the urological system. Treatment often involves undergoing a radical cystectomy with an ileal conduit formation. Quality of life issues associated with this surgery are complex and varied. Design A systematic review using thematic synthesis. Data Sources: A comprehensive search, using The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo databases, focusing on the years from 2007 to 2020. Review methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was the chosen checklist used. Studies were critically appraised using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results: The formation of an ileal conduit negatively affects respondent's quality of life particularly regarding body image, social distress, reduced sexual activity and employment. Poor research focus on the impact of ileal conduit formation on sexual well‐being postoperatively was apparent. Conclusions: Further research using qualitative methodologies is needed to gain a deeper understanding of how this life‐changing procedure impacts quality of life. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Quality of life is broadly negatively affected by having an ileal conduit. What this paper adds? This review highlights how quality of life is negatively affected by the formation of an ileal conduit, particularly body image, sexual functioning, social relations and employment.This review highlights similar trends amongst the international studies critiqued, emphasizing the global importance of the role of the nurse in patient education.This review informs nurse education and practice related to holistic care of patients with an ileal conduit, with potential to impact on patient outcomes and quality of life through education and the promotion of independence. The implications of this paper: This review highlights the importance of the role of the nurse in educating patients to reduce the occurrence of post‐operative complications, with nurses ideally positioned to provide excellent support and education to these patients.Nurses have the potential to positively influence patients' physical, psychological and social well‐being, promoting independence with their stoma care and prepare them for potential changes and challenges to their environment after hospital discharge.The review supports the review and development of nursing policies, globally, around post‐operative management of patients with an ileal conduit, with particular focus on the importance of incorporating quality of life issues into nursing policy and practice, through patient education and the promotion of independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This review aimed to determine the characteristics of a nurse‐led intervention for people with dementia including mild cognitive impairment and their family in an ambulatory care setting. Background: Enhancing the role of nurses in a multidisciplinary team of ambulatory care follow‐up after a diagnosis of dementia is thought to lead to successful dementia care. Design This is a scoping review. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, JBI, Japan Medical Abstracts Society, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched on 14 March 2019. Review Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, followed the PRISMA‐ScR checklist and considered studies that included interventions conducted by nurses and included outcomes regarding dementia symptoms or family care burden. Results: Eleven studies were included. Of these, all interventions were multifactorial and reported effective results. Educational interventions were most common, and the content of education included the characteristics of dementia and how to interact with patients with dementia. The roles of nurses included caregiver education, assessment, care plan creation for continuous monitoring and team building. Conclusion: This scoping review suggested that effective nurse‐led interventions in the ambulatory care of people with dementia are continuous patient and family supports, primarily caregiver education within multidisciplinary teams. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Roles of nurses in dementia care consisted of understanding dementia, recognizing dementia, effective communication, assisting with daily living activities, promoting a positive environment, ethical and person‐centred care, therapeutic work, responding to the needs of family carers, preventative work and health promotion and special needs groups.Outpatient nurse‐led interventions were not economically different from those led by doctors, but they produced better results regarding health‐related quality of life.Nurse education was an important factor in ambulatory dementia care. What this paper adds? Among the selected 11 studies, nurse interventions in interdisciplinary teams included assessment, care coordination and monitoring.Nurse‐centred psychological support is important in addition to determining the patient's condition and dealing with potential problems.Follow‐up for at least 6 months is important to determine a patient's condition, which is associated with a wide range of daily activities and psychiatric symptoms. The implications of this paper: It is important that nurses provide direct dialogue support, including a physical and psychological assessment of the patient's body and mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the nursing care factors investigated regarding their influence on outcomes of critically ill patients. Background: A large number of studies have considered patients' outcomes as sensitive to nursing practice in intensive care unit environments. However, no summary of nursing factors influencing these outcomes has been provided. Design Rapid review, following the seven‐stage process outlined by Tricco and colleagues. Data Sources: Articles published up to March 2020 were identified in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus databases. Review Methods: Eligibility of studies was first assessed at the title and abstracts level. Study inclusion was then established by two researchers by analysing the full texts. Results: A total of 93 studies were included, with a total of 21 nursing care factors documented. At the structural level, nursing factors have been investigated at the organizational and at the personnel level. At the process level, nurse‐led programmes, independent nursing interventions and nurse behaviours have been investigated to date. Conclusion: The set of nursing factors that emerged can be used in future research to improve poorly developed areas and to accumulate further evidence through additional studies, both at managerial and practice levels. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Thirty‐five nursing‐sensitive outcomes capable of being used to measure the quality of care in the intensive care unit have been identified to date.Several nursing care factors in structural and process dimensions have been documented as having an influence on the outcomes of critically ill patients. What this paper adds: Many interventions have been assessed in relation to nursing outcomes, more often at the process than at structural levels.Specifically, a total of 21 nursing factors have been studied to date in the context of intensive care units, divided into structure (organizational and personnel) and process (nurse‐led programmes, independent nursing interventions and behaviours) dimensions. The implications of this paper The set of nursing factors that emerged can be considered as a basis for further research, especially regarding poorly developed areas.Emergent nursing care factors can be used as a blueprint to design and develop educational programmes both at under‐ and postgraduate levels.At the managerial levels, both structure and process dimensions of nursing care are capable of affecting outcomes and could be used to inform decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration and relevant outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Background: Previously, three meta‐analyses on the association of daily sedation interruption with the mechanical ventilation duration have reported conflicting findings, and these did not support current guideline recommendations that daily sedation interruption can be routinely used in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. Design This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies. Data sources Data were from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest dissertation and theses, Airiti Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Chinese, Science Direct and PsycINFO databases. Review methods: Two reviewers independently assessed, extracted and appraised the included studies. Then, pooled estimates were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: In total, 45 studies involving 5493 participants were included. Compared with controls, daily sedation interruption significantly reduced the mechanical ventilation duration, ICU stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks (all p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and study quality were significant moderators. Conclusion: Daily sedation interruption could substantially reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, particularly when it was applied to patients with high disease severity. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Daily sedation interruption has been associated with reductions in excessive sedation and excessive use of sedative agents.The findings on the effects of daily sedation interruption on the mechanical ventilation duration have been inconsistent. What this paper adds? Daily sedation interruption could effectively reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit stay length, sedation duration, and tracheostomy and ventilator‐associated pneumonia risks in intensive care unit patients.Applying daily sedation interruption to patients with high disease severity yielded a larger reduction in the mechanical ventilation duration. The implications of this paper: There is a need to adopt daily sedation interruption as routine care to reduce the mechanical ventilation duration, especially in higher disease severity population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Nursing is a highly stressful occupation where irregular shifts and working overtime lead to unhealthy behaviours. This qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis aims to examine nurses' barriers in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched from their respective inception dates to October 2021: EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist was used to appraise the quality of included studies. Data synthesis followed Sandelowski's and Barroso's two‐step approach. Results: Fourteen studies were included in this review, and three themes were generated as follows: (1) work environment and workplace culture, (2) nature of the job and (3) intrinsic factors. Conclusion: This review synthesized available evidence on the barriers nurses experienced while adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Health‐care institutions should target these factors when providing facilities and services to support nurses in adopting health‐promoting behaviours. Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies. Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nursing is a highly stressful occupation that may create stress‐induced unhealthy lifestyle behaviours.Nurses encounter major barriers to participate in health‐promoting behaviours. What this paper adds? The health‐promoting behaviours were negatively influenced by workplace culture, occupational factors such as job stress and rotating shift and intrinsic factors (e.g., absence of motivation and financial constraints). The implications of this paper: Policies should focus on workplace health promotion by advocating for healthy lifestyle policies.Future research should be conducted in more multicultural and geographically diverse regions to obtain a more global view of nurses' barriers to adopt health‐promoting behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to describe and summarize research concerning organizational justice among registered nurses. Background: Over the recent decades, a number of studies have explored organizational justice. Perceived high organizational justice among employees has been found to correlate with multiple beneficial outcomes, such as job satisfaction, commitment and improved physical and mental health. By contrast, low organizational justice is related to poor productivity, atmosphere at work, health and well‐being. Design This study is a scoping review. Data Seven databases were used to search for peer‐reviewed publications published between January 2015 and August 2019. Review method: This scoping review utilized Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. Results: High organizational justice has been found to improve registered nurses' work‐related outcomes, health and well‐being. Low organizational justice has been linked to undesired work‐related outcomes and health problems. Conclusion: Nurse managers play a key role in promoting organizational justice. Further research is needed to study the relationship between organizational justice and the quality of patient care and safety. There is need for longitudinal studies to understand the effects and nature of organizational justice in the nursing workforce. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? High organizational justice has been linked to several positive work‐related outcomes such as employees' job satisfaction, commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour.Low organizational justice has been associated with negative work‐related outcomes such as counterproductive behaviours and intent to leave the profession.High organizational justice is positively, and low organizational justice negatively, linked to health outcomes. What this paper adds? High organizational justice is positively and low organizational justice is negatively linked to registered nurses' work‐related outcomes, health and well‐being.Organizational justice among registered nurses has been measured with a variety of instruments. The implications of this paper: Nurse managers play a key role in promoting organizational justice.There is need for research concerning organizational justice and its effects on the quality of patient care and safety.There is need for longitudinal studies concerning organizational justice among registered nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants and identify potential education barriers. Background: Health professionals caring for Chinese immigrants often encounter communication barriers, leading to uncertainty of quality of care. Design This study is a quantitative and qualitative systematic review. Data sources MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched, limited to 1980 to October 2020. Review methods: Articles were included if they reported results about health professional communication with Chinese patients. Quality was appraised using Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines and thematic synthesis conducted. Results: Of 1363 articles, seven studies were included. These described provider–patient communication in primary care, oncology and palliative settings only. Three core themes were identified: (1) family‐centred health communication where family controls provider–patient information exchange; (2) mismatch of provider–patient health beliefs and knowledge on diet, nutrition, traditional medicine, place for death and disease prevention and (3) mismatch of language and resources as skilled providers proficient in specific dialects are limited; communication resources are perceived as infrequently available and content is insufficient. Conclusion: Studies describing health professionals' experiences communicating with Chinese immigrants are limited. Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities and communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Health‐care professionals caring for Chinese immigrants are likely to encounter communication barriers.There has not been a systematic examination of the research evidence. What this paper adds? Key barriers identified included cultural and language disparities.Communication resources are inadequate to support health professionals' needs. The implications of this paper: This study is the first systematic review examining health professionals' views and experiences about communicating with Chinese immigrants.Research is needed to explore the experiences and potential patient education barriers of diverse health professionals and their communication needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the different handover models and processes available and their efficacy in improving handover communication within nursing practice. The handover of information is a key nursing responsibility that ensures patient outcomes through continuity of care. This process is widely recognised as an opening for error that may comprise patient safety. This paper is an integrative literature review that employed an inductive exploratory design. A computerised database search was employed including CINAHL, PubMed and Science Direct and a manual citation search with included papers limited to papers published 2005-2016, in English with full text freely available. This included a systematic search strategy, a critical appraisal of the papers utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, an inductive data extraction and thematic analysis. Sixteen papers were included in this review. The results detailed that there are various handover models in use, yet there is no evidence that any one model displays superior efficacy. The iSoBAR model and its adaptations remain the only model employed across various specialties. More research is warranted to determine if any handover model displays superior efficacy or transferability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aim was to map clinical characteristics and the evolution of pregnancies in pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods: Searching four databases, studies were investigated that described the evolution of pregnancies in women diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through laboratory tests. A scoping review was undertaken, including 35 articles published in English. Two pairs of independent researchers synthesized the data. Results: Most studies were case studies or case series and had a low risk of bias. A predominance of cases was found in women over the age of 30 years who got infected in the third term of pregnancy and who had comorbidities. The prematurity index varied with the heterogeneity of the samples, and the cases of abortion occurred in combination with severe forms of infection. Caesarean section deliveries predominated, indicated mainly by respiratory decompensation caused by infection. Most women were discharged. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed studies, the profile and evolution of pregnant women infected with COVID‐19 could be evaluated. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic was decreed, currently accounting for more than 105 million cases and more than two million deaths.Physiological changes of pregnancy predispose pregnant women to COVID‐19 infection.The characteristics of pregnancy associated with COVID‐19 infection turn obstetric care into a constant challenge. What this paper adds? The review presents the profile of pregnant women infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, with laboratory confirmation using the diagnostic reference standard (PCR).This review presents the profile of pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and the outcomes of the infection and pregnancy. The implications of this paper: Based on the knowledge of the profile, public policies can be planned to prevent and manage infection among pregnant and postpartum women.Further studies are suggested, mainly follow‐up studies of cohorts with pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 to expand knowledge about the profile and obstetric outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease. Design A qualitative systematic review. Data sources PubMed, Clinical Key, the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐based practice database, CINAHL Complete, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for all journal articles published before May 2020. Review methods: After applying the selection criteria, five studies were identified reporting on fathers with children between 1 month and 12 years. The quality of the articles was evaluated. Results: Six main themes regarding fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease were identified: (1) lack of disease knowledge, (2) responsibility to the family and emotional suppression, (3) gratitude for the sustained life of their children, (4) acceptance of being different from others, (5) regrouping and planning for the future and (6) the struggles of father–child relationships. Conclusion: In caring for their children with congenital heart disease, fathers are akin to a suffering warrior, full of hardship. With a self‐imposed sense of responsibility and suppressed emotions, fathers may feel lonely and hurt, but they must fight for their families and children. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Congenital heart disease is one of the most common chronic illnesses in childhood.Parents of children with congenital heart disease face cardiac‐related medical problems, decision‐making and economic circumstances throughout their healthcare experience including impact on their physiological and psychological health.Previous studies have focused on the roles of mothers of children with congenital heart disease. What this paper adds: This systematic review identifies six themes regarding fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease: (1) lack of disease knowledge, (2) responsibility to the family and emotional suppression, (3) gratitude for the sustained life of their children, (4) acceptance of being different from others, (5) regrouping and planning for the future and (6) the struggles of father–child relationships.In caring for their children with congenital heart disease, fathers are akin to a suffering warrior, full of hardship.With a self‐imposed sense of responsibility and suppressed emotions, fathers may feel lonely and hurt, but they must fight for their families and children. The implications of this paper: The findings about fathers' perceptions and experiences of caring for their children with congenital heart disease can be beneficial in improving nursing practice.Health care professionals need to actively involve and support fathers in caring for their children with congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of music on anxiety and pain among patients following cardiac surgery. Background: Cardiac surgery affects patients physically, psychologically and socially. Anxiety and pain are the usual problems among patients following cardiac surgery. Design The study design is a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from January 2000 to December 2017. Review methods: The Cochrane collaboration guidelines were followed and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used to summarize the quality of evidence. Results: Fourteen studies were included in systematic review and 13 in meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in anxiety and pain among patients who received musical intervention compared with those who did not. Conclusion: Music has positive benefits on anxiety and pain. However, well‐designed and high‐quality trials are needed to generate higher quality evidence. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Post‐operative problems such as severe anxiety, pain and emotional distress are generally related to the recovery of patients following cardiac surgery.Music has been utilized since ancient times to influence human health and in hospital settings to decrease patient anxiety, pain and stress.There is a need for rigorous research to demonstrate the effectiveness of music in patients following cardiac surgery. What this paper adds? The trials included in the meta‐analysis produced positive findings on the effectiveness of musical interventions among cardiac surgery patients on anxiety and pain among patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the post‐operative period.This meta‐analysis revealed a low to moderate quality of evidence in decreasing anxiety and pain among cardiac surgery patients who received a musical intervention. The implications of this paper: The use of music after cardiac surgery can be a favourable intervention that decreases anxiety and pain.Although musical intervention alone may be inadequate to increase recovery, these findings are significant support to the scope of investigation on music in patients following cardiac surgery.There is a need for high‐quality and well‐designed randomized controlled trials to generate a strong evidence base for implementing musical intervention among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to analyse risk and protective factors for teen suicide and bullying. Background: Research shows that high percentages of bully‐victims report suicidal thinking or suicide attempts. Design This was an international integrative review. Data sources Five databases including CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cuiden were searched between January 2010 and December 2020. Review methods: Review methods included problem identification; search, evaluation and analysis of literature; and presentation of results. Results: Eighteen studies were included. We grouped the selected articles into seven thematic categories. The most significant risk factors were being male, having a previous personal and/or family suicide attempt, mental health problems, substance abuse, previous physical and/or sexual abuse, low socio‐economic level, belonging to a single‐parent family, underachievement, family dysfunction and violent environment. The most common protective factors for both suicide and bullying were being female, having good mental health, belonging to a two‐parent family, safe school environment, good family relationships and having an involved teacher. Conclusion: Suicide resulting from bullying is a social and public health problem, so nurse practitioners and paediatric primary care nurses have a responsibility to educate teachers and parents in order to promote early detection and the development of more effective prevention and action plans. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Bullying is one of the phenomena linked to teen suicide. Teen suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people of 15 to 24 years.There are significant relationships between intimidating behaviours and the feelings of sadness and fear.Victims tend to be shy, anxious, insecure or weak and emotionally vulnerable, becoming easy targets. In general, bullies are defined by little empathy and arrogance. What this paper adds? Numerous predisposing risk factors were found for becoming a victim of teen suicide and bullying, such as family dysfunction, including parental miscommunication, lack of monitoring, lack of support, domestic violence, mental problems, depression or a single‐parent family.Both the victim and the bully should be protected, as both are at risk for suicide.Attending school, good academic performance and reliable and safe school environments act as protective factors. Good relationships with the adults other than parents are protective factors for the victims and bullies. Having supportive, supervisory teachers decreases the risk of bullying. The implications of this paper: Health and education professionals, as well as parents, are very important in the early detection and identification of bullying.Nurse practitioners and paediatric primary care nurses have a responsibility to educate teachers and parents in order to promote early detection and the development of more effective prevention and action plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the effects of self‐management interventions on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. Background: Effective treatment of hypertension may require the practice of self‐management behaviours. However, evidence on effects of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension is lacking. Design A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid‐Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and other sources were searched to October 2020. Review methods: Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 2.0 and quality assessment was done using ROB 2.0. The pooled effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals using a random‐effects model. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. The results revealed that self‐management interventions significantly decreased blood pressure and increased self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adult patients with hypertension, with no significant effect on body mass index. Conclusions: Self‐management interventions have considerable beneficial effects in older adults with hypertension. Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Current evidence suggests self‐management interventions as a potential strategy for decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension.There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of self‐management interventions on blood pressure, self‐efficacy, medication adherence and body mass index in older adults with hypertension. What this paper adds? Self‐management interventions can decrease systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and improve self‐efficacy and medication adherence in older adults with hypertension. The implication of this paper: Findings highlight the importance of implementing self‐management programs in older adult patients with hypertension.Health care providers should implement self‐management interventions that are tailored to the individual's level of self‐efficacy to strengthen the patient's role in managing their health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of heparin and 0.9% saline solution is always controversial for central venous catheters. However, there is no systematic review or guideline about whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs). The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether saline solution can replace heparin saline to lock TIVAPs. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Ovid (January 1, 1982, and February 21, 2020). All statistical analyses of the meta‐analysis were completed using the Review Manager 5.3. Results: A total of 201 studies were identified from these databases after initial review, and four studies met inclusion criteria, including 2652 cases. There was little heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 < 30%), and all analyses were conducted by the fixed‐effects model. The total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates in the heparin solution group were higher than in the saline solution group. In the subgroup analysis of heparin concentration, total complication rates in the saline solution group were higher than with 50 U of heparin and lower than with 100 U of heparin. However, the differences in these complications were small, and no significant difference was observed (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on existing clinical studies, we recommend that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) are more and more widely used in patients with cancer.Saline solution and heparin saline can both be used as lock solutions.The use of heparin is controversial for central venous catheters, and no systematic review addresses whether saline solution can replace heparin solution in adult cancer patients with TIVAPs. What this paper adds? The meta‐analysis indicated that the use of saline solution for locking TIVAPs did not increase the total complications, catheter occlusions, catheter‐related bloodstream infections and other complication rates. The implications of this paper: The results showed that saline solution can replace 50 or 100 U/ml of heparin as a safe and effective flush solution for TIVAPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify evidence of nurse practitioner‐led changes to health‐care delivery and the outcomes of such changes. Background: Changing health‐care delivery is synonymous with the nurse practitioner role. The literature is critical of the lack of research by nurse practitioners, reporting the effects of a change to health‐care delivery. Design This study used a systematic integrative review by using Torraco's approach. Data sources Databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, Web of Science and SCOPUS were searched for peer‐reviewed publications from 2000 to 2019. Review Methods: A systematic approach was used to screen and analyse the literature. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, and quality appraisal was undertaken by two reviewers. Results: Eighteen articles were selected. The research projects were across the community and acute care settings. Research methodologies varied including preintervention and postintervention studies, evaluation of quality improvement projects, randomized controlled trial and descriptive studies. Multiple data collection tools were used. Two major themes were identified including evidence‐based practice champions and improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: The nurse practitioner role is pertinent toward improving evidence‐based practice in clinical settings. Positive patient outcomes and praise for clinical leadership are evident in the literature. Research by nurse practitioners to date has focused on individual services. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Nurse practitioners are responsible for transforming health‐care delivery.The leadership role of nurse practitioners includes evaluation of the quality of patient care.Research related to the effects of such transformation is lacking. What this paper adds? The effect of nurse practitioner‐led health‐care transformation was measured using a variety of evidence‐based measurement tools to determine patient outcomes.The literature identified that nurse practitioners are evidence‐based practice champions.Nurse practitioner health‐care transformation interventions have improved patient outcomes. The implications of this paper: The importance of measuring the effects of changes to health‐care delivery is highlighted as they reflect the nursing profession's contribution to the health‐care reform agenda.The paper has identified a gap in knowledge related to nurse practitioner perceptions of their leadership and research role.This research identified that nurse practitioner preparedness for research requires further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]