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The practice of burying boats and digging boat-shaped pits inside funerary complexes belonging to Early Dynastic elites and kings is well attested in early Egypt. However, the origins of this custom and its evolution from the 1st Dynasty until the Middle Kingdom remain to be fully addressed holistically and diachronically. This paper aims to re-evaluate current data regarding Early Dynastic boat burials and boat-shaped pits, to share some insights on the development of this tradition, and to address its adaptation to Old Kingdom religious and political innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1742, HMS Tyger, a 95-year-old, 50-gun ship-of-the-line, was the first of three British men-of-war to sink in the Florida Keys during the War of Jenkin's Ear. Lost while menacing Spanish shipping transiting the Straits of Florida, Tyger and its 300 crew ran aground and were marooned for 66 days in what is now Dry Tortugas National Park in the United States. One site identified and partially documented by members of the U.S. National Park Services Submerged Cultural Resource Unit (NPS SCRU) in the mid-1990s was only tentatively identified as Tyger based on preliminary evidence. This paper presents new findings based on recent historical and archaeological research to prove that a foreign warship perished within what would become one of the most isolated National Parks in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern technology was applied to the data recorded during the excavation of Santo António de Tanná in the 1970s. The original recording techniques and the subsequent attempts, in the 1980s, to extract further information from the data are described. With the advent of modern and extremely powerful desktop computers this information has now been reprocessed, enabling three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of control points on the site to be determined and a 3D rendered model of the site created. Using this model of the internal hull of the ship, measurements can be made to determine the shape and form of the ship. This paper examines the original methodologies used and compares the modern measurements with the manual measurements taken over 50 years earlier. An investigation to determine the accuracy of the two systems is described together with an analysis of the techniques involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In shallow water off the coast of West Sussex in England lies the wreck of a French built, English warship, lost in 1706. The remains represent a hybrid of French construction and armament with English organisation and adaption. This paper brings the site's investigations up to date, discussing new records relating to the structure and internal layout of the main site, as well as the discovery of several new areas, rich in guns and other artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of the sea route around the Cape by Vasco da Gama in 1498 opened the maritime trade between Europe, East Africa and India. At this time, Mozambique Island played a significant role mediating this maritime network. As a result, an impressive amount of underwater cultural heritage was created, but it was heavily impacted over the last decade by commercial salvage activities. In the aftermath of the impacts from treasure hunting, this paper presents an on-going (re-)interpretation and assessment of indicative archaeological artefacts recovered from the Nossa Senhora da Consolação wreck (1608). The on-going (re-)interpretation is based on comparative analysis with artefact assemblages recovered in other contemporary shipwrecks and terrestrial sites around the world. Results suggest that Nossa Senhora da Consolação was a ship integrated in global trading networks, which met its fate at Mozambique Island due to commercial competition and access to the strategic coastal position between the Portuguese and the Dutch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the archaeological recording and recovery of a MK II Fairey Barracuda from the Solent, Hampshire, off the south coast of England. As its location precluded the aircraft being left in situ, the decision was made to recover the aircraft. Despite adverse visibility, and a significant amount of overburden, the extant remains of the aircraft were successfully recovered and delivered to the Fleet Air Arm Museum for conservation, as part of an ongoing project to rebuild an example of a Fairey Barracuda. In being recovered for reuse and exhibition some of the Barracuda's value to the wider community changed from that of a lost military aircraft to that of an historic object, drawing out the social history around it, and giving insights into military aircraft construction during the World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a five-year project, 'Underwater Archaeological Chart of the Azores', which ran from 2004 to 2009 and has not been published previously. This project involved systematic surveys under the responsibility of the Government of the Azores, which undertook its task as the public entity responsible for archaeological heritage. To understand this project, it's necessary to provide a framework for all previous projects. In order to contextualize the results of the underwater archaeological programme it's also important to consider the principles of UNESCO, which guide the normative framework that takes into account the importance of protection, research and enjoyment of underwater cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the record of a survey carried out on the Cathole Cliff wreck site in 1990. The potential of the site as an 18th-century trade vessel Dragon is discussed. Artefacts including nine cannon and two bar shot along with an additional cannon and wood samples taken during a later survey support this hypothesis. Shipping records show Dragon to have traded regularly between London and Jamaica. Contemporary newspaper reports and burial records show that the children of the Chambers family were on board, possibly travelling to England due to the Seven Years' War putting Jamaica at threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 16th-century Riddarholmen Ship was discovered in the middle of Stockholm in 1930. Despite being exhibited since 1947, the efforts to reconstruct the ship have been limited. A substantial portion of the recovered parts has never been put on display. This paper aims to shed new light on the ship's architecture using the original material from the excavation together with an inventory of the timbers in the collections of the Medieval Museum. From this, it is argued that the ship originally had a full deck, three masts, and a forecastle and that it resembles an early purpose-built, gun-carrying warship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish are a prominent source of nutrients, yet in the southern Levant, clear evidence for fishing was scarce before the historic periods. In the current paper, we present the evidence for Natufian (ca. 15,000-11,700 cal BP) fishing with an emphasis on fishhooks, representing one of the best examples of an artefact that reached its morphological optimum thousands of years ago and continued to be widely used today. While fishing using various techniques and implements was probably in use well before the Natufian, this innovation seems to represent a new technique, more restricted and controlled, for obtaining this food source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a reanalysis of the Lomellina shipwreck (1516), found in 1979 at Villefranche-sur-Mer and excavated between 1982 and 1990, and an attempt at reconstructing the hull shape in light of recent developments in computer graphics and hull reconstruction methodologies. After revising the excavation data, the authors propose a new reconstruction of this unique ship, using off-the-shelf 3D software (Rhinoceros), aiming at understanding its slim hull shape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of new research on underwater archaeological evidence for the maritime transport of sculptures in the ancient Mediterranean. Through the creation of a Mediterranean-wide database and with a focus on information from surviving archaeological deposits, this study explores ancient Greek and Roman sculptures from under water as a dataset of transported artefacts that had a specific function within the maritime context of their discovery. This documentation, analysis and interpretation of underwater deposits with sculptures provide previously unexplored data regarding the geographical extent, date, reasons and circumstances of maritime movement of sculptural artefacts during Antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of windward sailing in antiquity is subject to discord, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. This paper attempts to broaden the understanding of windward sailing by revisiting the theoretical basis of windward sailing, performing a critical review of previous works, reconstructing historic passages with new methods to re-evaluate them being considered as unfavourable wind passages, and considering the ancient mariner's limits of windward sailing. It is suggested that ancient ships had less windward capability than commonly perceived, and that the limits of the ancient mariners were more restrictive than ships' technological windward capabilities, highlighting the necessity to consider practical windward capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history the Balearic Islands have had different degrees of social connectivity between the islands themselves and between them and the mainland. While the influence of historical dynamics is well documented, less so is the impact of winds, currents, and meteo-marine conditions. This paper analyses the meteo-marine conditions for coastal navigation to better understand how these configured the main maritime routes across the islands. We focus on the seafaring communities of the Balearic Islands in the Bronze Age when a series of sites along the coastline suggest the creation of a network of coastal infrastructure to support maritime mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In principle, it should be expected that a hull with a high length to beam ratio like the base-model should be able to reach higher Fn than a hull like the Kyrenia II with a lower length to beam ratio. Insufficient Information The main thesis of the original paper, namely that cutwaters show a considerable hydrodynamic advantage over conventional hull-forms, is based on a discussion about two different hull-shapes and their subsequent tests. A paper published in the I IJNA i (46.1) entitled 'Cutwaters Before Rams: an experimental investigation into the origins and development of the waterline ram', written by Murray et al. aimed to shed light on the nature and purpose of forward projections that often appear in the iconographic record of ancient Mediterranean ships. Likewise, the question of whether or not a warship hull (as per I Olympias i ) would be subject to increased resistance as a result of not having a cutwater has not been addressed, because the origins of the base-model hull-form are from a very different ship type. [Extracted from the article]

This paper describes the design of stock-anchors during the Age of Exploration (from the 15th into the 17th centuries AD), which is the primary design employed by European ships. Statistical analysis of published global finds is synthesised in conjunction with contemporary dating textual details. This study demonstrates that, while the iron-frame and wooden stock designs are comparable superficially, there are recognisable diachronic and geographical variations and features. Following a Classical Mediterranean foundation, its secondary roots can be isolated particularly to 1st millennium AD Northern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the waters of the Southern Baltic, off the island of Stora Ekön, lies the wreck of a ship lost in 1495 belonging to King John (Hans) of Denmark (1455–1513). This paper draws on the archaeological investigation of the site since 2013 and summarizes previous archaeological and historical research. In its design, construction, and weapons technology the ship is both a rare example of a large carvel-built 'great ship' from the final phase of the Middle Ages and, in its role as floating embassy, a manifestation of socio-political processes of change that transitioned medieval Europe to a global, maritime world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph photo: Randal Ford George Bass, one of the pioneers of modern maritime archaeology, passed away in College Station, Texas in March, 2021 at the age of 88. Many of the chapters in INA monographs began as student papers and theses, and Bass raised the funding to create a publication series for student work. Bass concentrated instead on publishing the earlier excavations (a final report on the 7th-century wreck at Yassiada had already come out in 1982), and on development work to put INA on a sound footing for the future. During the American bicentennial, Bass directed an excavation on one of the British shipwrecks at Yorktown and Steffy managed a season of excavation on an American privateer, the I Defence i . [Extracted from the article]

While iron and steamship archaeology dates from the mid‐1970s, the archaeological study of late 19th and early 20th century metal‐hulled vessels, especially those off the coast of South America is in its infancy. This paper deals with two steel‐hulled shipwrecks located on the coast of Patagonia, southern Argentina, from anthropological, archaeological, and site management perspectives. The chief research questions discussed relate to each vessel's role and use on a remote coast, the technology involved in their operation, and the site formation processes following the vessels' loss. Their management as a recently acknowledged part of the region's 'patrimony' (cultural heritage) and their presentation to an increasingly aware public are also discussed in the context of each site's unique location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archaeological parks provide hypothetical reconstructions that allow the general public a better historical understanding. This paper presents the case of an underwater museum, Kaş Archaeopark, which incorporates interpretative reconstructions of the Uluburun shipwreck site and its cargo. The project emphasized three outcomes of the creation of an underwater museum: education through nautical archaeology training, recreational diving as a means to raise public awareness, and research through experimental archaeology projects. Overall, the Kaş Archaeopark has improved knowledge and awareness of heritage preservation in both the local and diving communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book is a collection of papers presented at the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology as parts of two panel sessions of debate and discussion on the subject. This is a gap this publication aims to cover, by providing a platform for the presentation of the work of various scholars and by concentrating on the financial function of coasts. Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World: Economy and the Maritime Cultural Landscape of Greece: Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology Cologne/Bonn, 22-26 May 2018, Panel 5.3, edited by Michael J. Curtis, Heidelberg, Germany, Propylaeum/Heidelberg University Library, 2022, 64 pp., 9 illustrations (some colour), Open Access: https://www.propylaeum.de, €19.90 (sbk), ISBN 978-3969290620. [Extracted from the article]

This paper reports on the construction of a full-scale Bronze Age-type sewn-plank boat based on the Ferriby boats. The boat, which was named Morgawr, was constructed in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall in Falmouth, England, during 2012 and the first months of 2013, as part of a larger exhibition in the museum. This paper provides the background and context of the project, describes the process of building the craft, and reflects in particular on differences between Morgawr and the 'hypothetical reconstruction of a complete sewn-plank boat' published in 1990 by Ted Wright and John Coates which formed the basis for this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating photo-mosaics and plans of submerged archaeological sites quickly, cost-effectively and, most importantly, to a high level of geometric accuracy remains a huge challenge in underwater archaeology. This paper describes a system that takes geo-referenced stereo imagery from a diver-propelled platform and combines it with mapping techniques widely used in the field of robotic science to create high-resolution 2D photo-mosaics and detailed 3D textured models of submerged archaeological features. The system was field tested on the submerged Bronze Age town of Pavlopetri off the coast of Laconia, Greece, in 2010. This paper outlines the equipment used, data collection in the field, image processing and visualization methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewn boats have been ubiquitous across the globe throughout history (Greenhill and Morrison, 1995: 118) and fibre and wood were the fundamental boatbuilding materials in the Oman peninsula for millennia. Evidence for their use appears in the archaeological record in the 3rd millennium BCE but the level of technical development plus the archaeological record of international trade, suggest a much longer history. This paper reviews elements of the information from historical texts, ethnography, and archaeology in a synthesis to broadly outline the development and characteristics of sewn boats in the Indian Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses three medieval sewn‐plank reconstructions undertaken in the Sultanate of Oman in the past 40 years: the Sohar, Jewel of Muscat, and al‐Hariri Boat. It describes the specific methods of sewn‐plank construction for each vessel and examines the different methods of documentation applied during the three projects. It concludes with a comparison of the data derived from single‐wadding (al‐Hariri Boat) and double‐wadding (Jewel of Muscat) sewing techniques to highlight the differences between the two methods and emphasize the importance of documenting such reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Models of traditional boats stitched together with thread or cane from different parts of the world are commonly found in museum collections. They are often highly detailed and assembled in a way that is characteristic of a particular region. Through the presentation of a range of sewn‐boat models, particularly focusing on those from Sri Lanka, this paper considers how representative models are of full‐size boats, and if they can tell us about boat types and construction techniques. It provides guidance on using and interpreting models and aims to promote the use of these objects to further understand sewn boats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sewn‐plank vessels have been a pervasive form of ship construction since antiquity. This paper provides an introductory overview of the current state of the field of sewn‐plank studies, with a particular focus on the Indian Ocean. It describes the basic function of sewn‐plank techniques, and then discusses textual references and historical approaches to the topic. The relevant archaeological evidence is reviewed, and prior ethnographic work relating to the topic is outlined. It summarizes numerous experimental sewn‐plank reconstructions that have been undertaken and concludes with a discussion of the current directions of the field and suggestions for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the discovery in the Thames Estuary and the partial recovery and recording of the remains of a 19th‐century Tyne‐built paddle tug. The wreck is believed to be that of Admiral built in Newcastle in 1870 and sunk following a collision in the estuary in 1872. This unexpected discovery provided a rare opportunity to examine the archaeological assemblage of one these once‐familiar working vessels and revealed the continuities and innovations of a specific type of engine used on paddle tugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the theory and practice of the maritime cultural landscape in general, and projects the theoretical concepts and aspects involved on the highly dynamic late medieval north‐eastern Zuiderzee region in the Netherlands. The cultivation of land and marine erosion (floods and rising sea level) are considered as the main factors that caused the transformation of the physical landscape of this region from peatlands with freshwater basins into a tidal lagoon. As a consequence, multiple settlements drowned, large areas of land submerged, and culture and the landscape gradually became more maritime, giving the research area a cultural identity and dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cultural heritage assessment of a ferrous‐hulled ship lying off Meyer's Boatyard in St Georges Parish, Bermuda was undertaken by East Carolina University. The archaeological survey recorded a largely intact vessel that was found to correspond with a Medina‐class river gunboat built in 1876. Historical research indicated the presence of two Medina‐class gunboats in Bermuda, meaning the vessel is either HMS Medina or HMS Medway. This paper considers the historical trajectory of the two vessels and how the remains of the watercraft correspond to the source material. A description and consideration of the archaeological significance of the Meyer's Boatyard site is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the dunnage of Punic shipwreck in Marsala, Italy and the acquiring processes in retrieving plant samples in the ship. It notes that it took four annual seasons from 1971 to excavate the wreck. It says that diver-archeologists arduously raised leaves so fragile they turned to powder when touched. It tells that the archeologist then used borrowing techniques from paper conservation, where the leaves could be picked up by sliding something like blotting paper under them.

It is possible that most or all boats and rig-types used in prehistoric times in the South-East Asia-Pacific region have completely disappeared from the record, and that those recorded by Europeans in the 17th century may have been relatively recent innovations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce to the literature a new source of information on ancient boat and rig designs. This source is the information encoded in rock-art depictions of watercraft. This paper provides a technical appraisal of 18 images of watercraft from the Tutuala region of East Timor. © 2007 The Authors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores a number of issues in regard to the world heritage listing of the World War II underwater cultural heritage sites located in Truk Lagoon. The destruction of the Japanese Naval Base at Truk was an important event in the American strategy to end World War II and it had a profound effect on the indigenous inhabitants. Divers from all over the world visit Truk Lagoon to dive the 50 shipwrecks and numerous aircraft. The paper investigates the significance of the sites in accordance with the criteria for world heritage listing, and in context with Pacific Island Nations requirements.© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author comments on the paper "A Suggested Reconstruction of one of the Merchant Ships on the Mosaic Floor in Lod (Lydda) Israel," by E. Haddad and M. Avissar that was published in a 2003 issue of the periodical "International Journal of Nautical Archaeology." This paper contains some inaccuracies and misinterpretations. The suggested marine trauma suffered by the damaged ship in the mosaic is an attractive suggestion, but perhaps naive, and the study was done without looking at comparative material and references. Ship representations in mosaics are usually used as symbols of contemporary vessels. Such depictions, and especially elements of the ship, have to be studied with comparable material, which in the end will result in a better understanding of the vessel.

What, however, is missing from scholarship and publications is a collective study of the harbours and the anchorages used in the Byzantine Empire. Harbours and Anchorages of a Mediterranean Empire: edited by Johannes Preiser-Kapeller, Taxiarchis G. Kolias and Falko Daim, Mainz, Germany, Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, 2021, 264pp., illustrations, some colour, bilingual edition, £57.32 (hbk), ISBN 978-3795436773, Propylaeum, 2022 (ebk), ISBN 978-3969290859 New archaeological data on the operation of harbours are included in the following two papers: K. Manoussou-Ntella presents new evidence of the form of the Byzantine harbour of Rhodes, especially of its fortifications, and M. Papadimitriou gives a brief account of Late Antique finds from the harbour of Piraeus. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: In 2012, fragments of hull planking bearing the signs of a Roman‐era sewn vessel, with holes drilled along the plank edges, washed ashore on Venice Lido, the barrier island separating the Venice Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea. This paper describes the construction features of this timber assemblage and places it within the context of other excavated sewn boats of the Upper Adriatic. The assemblage presented here best fits into the north‐western Adriatic sewn tradition and likely represents either a fluvial‐maritime or maritime watercraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Over 70 ancient vessels have been discovered by the Institut Européen d'Archéologie Sous‐Marine in the port‐city of Thonis‐Heracleion, Egypt. These were deposited both individually and in groups from the 8th to the 2nd century BC. This paper investigates the contexts of these vessels to suggest that a variety of explanations—shipwrecking, ritual deposition, abandonment, and structural reuse—account for their deposition. It also seeks to place these events within the changing landscape of Thonis‐Heracleion to understand the agency behind many of the decisions about what to do with old ships and boats at the end of their use‐life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recent underwater archaeological investigations in Costa Rica focused on two sites as potential candidates for Danish West Indies slave ships wrecked in 1710. Historical research suggests a landmark wrecking event associated with a large infusion of Africans, many who remained in Central America. This paper is the first interim report of two fieldwork seasons combining field methods, research, and preliminary interpretation of the findings with voyage history. Context within the broader theme of slave‐ship archaeology and Costa Rica Caribbean landscape is addressed. An integral part of the initiative is community memory, stewardship, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the results of using a sector-scan sonar to record diverse submerged archaeological sites in shallow and deep water. The Kongsberg MS1000 sector-scan sonar was developed for commercial applications, typically underwater inspections of bridges, dams, ports and harbours. The ability of the device to rapidly generate high-quality, geometrically accurate scans of submerged features, coupled with its ease of use and deployment make it a potentially important, yet largely overlooked, tool for survey and management of underwater archaeological sites. As one of several technologies available, the paper examines its advantages and limitations, and considers, through case studies, under which conditions it is most effectively deployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]