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Mina Michael Melk,1 Seham S El-Hawary,1 Farouk Rasmy Melek,2 Dalia Osama Saleh,3 Omar M Ali,4 Mohamed A El Raey,5 Nabil Mohamed Selim1 1Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 2Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; 3Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt; 4Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptCorrespondence: Nabil Mohamed Selim; Omar M Ali Email nabil.selim@pharma.cu.edu.eg; om.ali@tu.edu.saIntroduction: Plumbago indica L. is considered a valuable source in the Plumbaginaceae family for various types of active compound such as alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. To promote the usage of P. indica in the bionanotechnology field, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were biosynthesized by using its alcoholic extract. The inhibitory effects of ZnONPs and the plant extract were also evaluated against HSV-1.Methods: ZnONPs were described by the following techniques, UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The phenolic and flavonoid contents of P. indica extract, which are accountable for bioreduction, formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles, were analyzed by HPLC technique. The antiviral assessment was implemented on both agents by using Vero cell lines.Results: DLS revealed that the average size of ZnONPs was 32.58 ± 7.98 nm and the zeta potential was – 20.8 mV. The observation of TEM analysis revealed that the particle size of ZnONPs varied from 2.56 to 8.83 nm. The XRD analysis verified the existence of pure crystals of hexagonal shapes of nanoparticles of ZnO with a main average size of 35.28 nm that is approximating to the values of particle size acquired by SEM analysis (19.64 and 23.21 nm). The HPLC analysis of P. indica ethanolic extract showed that gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major compounds, with concentrations equal to 8203.99, 2965.95 and 1144.99 μg/g, respectively. Regarding the antiviral assessment, the synthesized uncalcinated ZnONPs were found to exhibit a promising activity against HSV-1, with CC50 and IC50 values equal to 43.96 ± 1.39 and 23.17 ± 2.29 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The green synthesized ZnONPs are considered promising adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of HSV-1 drugs.Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, Plumbago indica L., HPLC analysis, antiviral activity and green synthesis

Seham Elhawary,1 Hala EL-Hefnawy,1 Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar,1 Mansour Sobeh,2 Eman Mostafa,3 Samir Osman,4,* Mohamed El-Raey5,* 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 2Agro-BioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October City, Giza, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oct. 6 University, Giza, Egypt; 5Phytochemistry and Plant Systematic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fatma Alzahraa MokhtarDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 12412, EgyptTel +201113154863Email drfatmaalzahraa1950@gmail.comIntroduction: Jasminum officinale L. is a very important medicinal and industrial flowering aromatic plant.Methods: The present study deals with Jasminum officinale L. leaves extract (JOLE) as a reducing and capping agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the green pathway. Phenolic profile of the extract was evaluated using HPLC-PDA/MS/MS technique. Jasminum officinale L. leaves extract silver nanoparticles (JOLE-AgNPs) were characterized by ultraviolet light (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD). JOLE-AgNPs were examined for their cytotoxic activities by neutral red uptake assay (NRU) against bladder (5637) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines.Results: HPLC-PDA/MS/MS tentatively identified 51 compounds of different chemical classes. UV spectra showed absorption peak at λmax = 363 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with an average size of 9.22 nm by TEM. The face cubic center (fcc) nature of silver nanoparticles was proved by XRD diffractogram. JOLE-AgNPs exhibited high cytotoxic activity against 5637 and MCF-7 cell lines compared to the cytotoxic activities of JOLE with IC50 of 13.09 μg/mL and 9.3 μg/mL, respectively.Discussion: The silver nanoparticles formed by Jasminum officinale L. showed high cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and 5637 cell lines and can be introduced as a new alternative cytotoxic medication.Keywords: silver nanoparticles, HPLC-PDA/MS/MS, cytotoxic, Jasminum, bladder cancer, breast cancer