1. Recent Development in NKT-Based Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: From Bench to Bedside
- Author
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Yutao Li, Amit Sharma, Jarek Maciaczyk, and Ingo G. H. Schmidt-Wolf
- Subjects
QH301-705.5 ,Brain Neoplasms ,cytokine-induced killer cells ,Organic Chemistry ,invariant NKT ,General Medicine ,blood–brain barrier ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemistry ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,Temozolomide ,Humans ,Immunologic Factors ,Natural Killer T-Cells ,Immunotherapy ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,blood–brain tumor barrier ,Biology (General) ,Glioblastoma ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive and dismal disease with a median overall survival of around 15 months and a 5-year survival rate of 7.2%. Owing to genetic mutations, drug resistance, disruption to the blood–brain barrier (BBB)/blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and the complexity of the immunosuppressive environment, the therapeutic approaches to GBM represent still major challenges. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, have not resulted in satisfactory improvements in the overall survival of GBM patients. Among cancer immunotherapeutic approaches, we propose that adjuvant NKT immunotherapy with invariant NKT (iNKT) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells may improve the clinical scenario of this devastating disease. Considering this, herein, we discuss the current strategies of NKT therapy for GBM based primarily on in vitro/in vivo experiments, clinical trials, and the combinatorial approaches with future therapeutic potential.
- Published
- 2021