1. The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of the Medicinal Plant Forsythia suspensa (Oleaceae)
- Author
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Jinsheng Wang, Wenbin Wang, Huan Yu, Jiahui Wang, Wanjun Lei, Gao Jianhua, and Qiu Xiangpo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Sequence analysis ,Inverted repeat ,comparative genomics ,Biology ,Genome ,Catalysis ,Article ,Genomic Instability ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Open Reading Frames ,RNA, Transfer ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Forsythia suspensa ,sequencing ,chloroplast genome ,phylogenetic analysis ,Codon ,Genome, Chloroplast ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Forsythia ,Spectroscopy ,Phylogeny ,Genetics ,Comparative genomics ,Base Composition ,Plants, Medicinal ,Organic Chemistry ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Computer Science Applications ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,RNA, Ribosomal ,Codon usage bias ,Oleaceae ,GC-content ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
Forsythia suspensa is an important medicinal plant and traditionally applied for the treatment of inflammation, pyrexia, gonorrhea, diabetes, and so on. However, there is limited sequence and genomic information available for F. suspensa. Here, we produced the complete chloroplast genomes of F. suspensa using Illumina sequencing technology. F. suspensa is the first sequenced member within the genus Forsythia (Oleaceae). The gene order and organization of the chloroplast genome of F. suspensa are similar to other Oleaceae chloroplast genomes. The F. suspensa chloroplast genome is 156,404 bp in length, exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC; 87,159 bp) region, and a small single-copy (SSC; 17,811 bp) region interspersed between inverted repeat (IRa/b; 25,717 bp) regions. A total of 114 unique genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA. The low GC content (37.8%) and codon usage bias for A- or T-ending codons may largely affect gene codon usage. Sequence analysis identified a total of 26 forward repeats, 23 palindrome repeats with lengths >30 bp (identity > 90%), and 54 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with an average rate of 0.35 SSRs/kb. We predicted 52 RNA editing sites in the chloroplast of F. suspensa, all for C-to-U transitions. IR expansion or contraction and the divergent regions were analyzed among several species including the reported F. suspensa in this study. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-plastome revealed that F. suspensa, as a member of the Oleaceae family, diverged relatively early from Lamiales. This study will contribute to strengthening medicinal resource conservation, molecular phylogenetic, and genetic engineering research investigations of this species.
- Published
- 2017