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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based psychoeducation on negative automatic thoughts and medication adherence in individuals with cannabis use disorder. The randomized controlled study was conducted between September 2021 and December 2022 in the psychiatry clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. The sample size of the study consisted of 60 individuals (30 experimental groups, 30 control groups). Descriptive Characteristics Form, Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale were used to collect data. In the study, while eight sessions of mindfulness-based psychoeducation were given to the experimental group, no intervention was applied to the control group. Experimental group posttest negative automatic thoughts and medication adherence scale total mean scores were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was determined that the posttest negative automatic thoughts scale total score mean in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group, and the medication adherence scale total score mean increased compared to the control group. It was determined that mindfulness-based psychoeducation given to individuals with cannabis use disorder was effective in negative automatic thoughts and adherence to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]