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Introduction: Schizophrenia increases the risk of offending. Recidivism rates are significant. Literature doesn't provide recidivism risk factors specific to patients with schizophrenia independently of the offenses' types.Objective: Identifying recidivism risk factors in schizophrenia patients independently of the offenses' types.Methods: We conducted a case-control study. All included patients were admitted, at least once, to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 1985 and December 31st, 2014 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity. All those who reoffended during this period were considered as cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify recidivism risk factors.Results: We included 25 cases and 38 controls. Eight recidivism risk factors were identified. Living in poor urban neighborhoods (P = 0.023; OR = 4.86), having been unemployed (P = 0.042; OR = 2.18) and not having lived with the family (P = 0.039; OR = 1.36) after discharge were considered as risk factors. The same applied to alcohol (P = 0.026; OR = 4.89) and cannabis use disorders (P = 0.018; OR = 6.01). A hospitalization shorter than 6 months multiplied the risk by 1.79 (P = 0.046). A combination of conventional antipsychotics (P = 0.023; OR = 4.81) and a poor adherence to treatment (P = 0.001; OR = 10.42) were considered as recidivism risk factors too.Conclusions: All eight recidivism risk factors are dynamic. This makes recidivism prevention conceivable. Measures involving the patient, the health care system, patients' families, society and the government should be undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]