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Ever since hematopoietic cells became “events” enumerated and characterized in suspension by cell counters or flow cytometers, researchers and engineers have strived to refine the acquisition and display of the electronic signals generated. A large array of solutions was then developed to identify at best the numerous cell subsets that can be delineated, notably among hematopoietic cells. As instruments became more and more stable and robust, the focus moved to analytic software. Almost concomitantly, the capacity increased to use large panels (both with mass and classical cytometry) and to apply artificial intelligence/machine learning for their analysis. The combination of these concepts raised new analytical possibilities, opening an unprecedented field of subtle exploration for many conditions, including hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. In this review, the general concepts and progress achieved in the development of new analytical approaches for exploring high- dimensional data sets at the single- cell level will be described as they appeared over the past few years. A larger and more practical part will detail the various steps that need to be mastered, both in data acquisition and in the preanalytical check of data files. Finally, a step- by- step explanation of the solution in development to combine the Bioconductor clustering algorithm FlowSOM and the popular and widely used software Kaluza® (Beckman Coulter) will be presented. The aim of this review was to point out that the day when these progresses will reach routine hematology laboratories does not seem so far away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever since hematopoietic cells became "events" enumerated and characterized in suspension by cell counters or flow cytometers, researchers and engineers have strived to refine the acquisition and display of the electronic signals generated. A large array of solutions was then developed to identify at best the numerous cell subsets that can be delineated, notably among hematopoietic cells. As instruments became more and more stable and robust, the focus moved to analytic software. Almost concomitantly, the capacity increased to use large panels (both with mass and classical cytometry) and to apply artificial intelligence/machine learning for their analysis. The combination of these concepts raised new analytical possibilities, opening an unprecedented field of subtle exploration for many conditions, including hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. In this review, the general concepts and progress achieved in the development of new analytical approaches for exploring high‐dimensional data sets at the single‐cell level will be described as they appeared over the past few years. A larger and more practical part will detail the various steps that need to be mastered, both in data acquisition and in the preanalytical check of data files. Finally, a step‐by‐step explanation of the solution in development to combine the Bioconductor clustering algorithm FlowSOM and the popular and widely used software Kaluza® (Beckman Coulter) will be presented. The aim of this review was to point out that the day when these progresses will reach routine hematology laboratories does not seem so far away. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoclonal antibodies have become daily partners of both biologists and clinicians, as reagents and therapeutic agents. Behind their odd names and incredible diversity lies an amazing story of inventiveness and daring. This review tries to retrace the major steps of this saga, initiated by the search for anti‐rabbit red blood cell antibodies and currently culminating in amazing molecular constructions saving lives. After some historical and basic reminders, the fields of reagents and drugs will be addressed. This invaluable contribution of immunology to the understanding of both physiology and treatment clearly deserves to be fully recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most frequent cancers of that age range. Tremendous progress has been achieved in the treatment of these diseases, and increasing numbers of patients are actually cured and live normal lives thereafter. The treatment however remains a complex and serious ordeal. Although statistics are more than encouraging, the specific care of any given patient must be considered with a personalized approach. Among modern tools of disease monitoring, minimal residual disease assessment has earned increasing appeal and now tends to be rather dubbed “measurable” residual disease as the major goal of therapy was the complete eradication of the pathological clone. In this review, the basic characteristics of ALL diagnosis will be briefly recalled, before summarizing available techniques and providing some considerations on the clinical relevance and strategies of childhood ALL MRD evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores A 68-year-old man was transferred to intensive care unit after a domestic fire. He was responsive, although hypotensive yet without tachycardia on initial physical examination. It was decided to intubate the patient and to support his circulatory system with IV fluids. Third-degree skin burns covered approximately 50% of his body area. He died within 24 hours.

The article focuses on the identification of giant platelets with disorganized granules, which can suggest ACTB gene mutation associated with actinomyopathy-associated syndromic thrombocytopenia (ACTBAST). It describes the clinical manifestations and genetic investigations of a case involving thrombocytopenia, large platelets, and platelet morphological abnormalities, it highlights the impact of ACTB gene variants on platelet cytoskeleton and megakaryopoiesis.

The article presents a case study of 39-year-old woman with no history of previous disease presented with asthenia, anorexia, and headache and her complete blood count showed a normocytic anemia. It mentions a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2 (MDS EB-2); and also mentions need to be treated by intensive chemotherapy.

Hematological diagnostics is based on increasingly precise techniques of cellular and molecular analysis. The correct interpretation of the blood and bone marrow smears observed under an optical microscope still represents a cornerstone. Precise quantitative and qualitative cytomorphological criteria have recently been codified by up‐to‐date guidelines for diagnosing hematopoietic neoplasms. Morphological analysis has found formidable support in digital reproduction techniques, which have simplified the circulation of images for educational or consultation purposes. From 2007 to 2019, the Working Group WP10 of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) used, in annual exercises, digital images to support training in cytomorphology and verify harmonization and comparability in the interpretation of blood and bone marrow smears. We describe the design, development, and results of this program, which had 741 participants in‐person or remotely, to which 2055 questions were submitted regarding the interpretation of cytomorphological images. We initially used circulation and presentation of digital microphotographs and then introduced a virtual microscopy (VM). Virtual slides were obtained using a whole slide imaging technique, similar to the one largely used in histopathology, to produce digitized scans of consecutive microscopic fields and reassembles them to obtain a complete virtual smear by stitching. Participants were required to identify cells in labeled fields of view of the virtual slides to obtain a morphological diagnosis. This work has demonstrated substantial improvements in diagnostic accuracy and harmonization with the VM technique. Between‐observer concordance increased from 62.5% to 83.0%. The integrity of the digitalized film image, which provides a general context for cell abnormalities, was the main factor for this outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B‐lineage lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) are rather frequent diseases, associated with specific clinical or biological features but also sometimes of fortuitous discovery. Multiparameter flow cytometry plays a major role for a rapid diagnostic indication, on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples in most instances, guiding complementary analyses and allowing for the proper therapeutic management of patients. After describing the important pre‐analytical precautions required for an adequate assessment, the immunophenotypic features of small‐cell and large‐cell lymphomas are described in this review. The ubiquitous expression of CD19 is a first mandatory gating step. A possible clonal proliferation is then suspected by the demonstration of surface immunoglobulin light chain restriction. The aberrant presence of CD5 allows to segregate chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma in most cases. Other LPD exhibit specific immunophenotypic features. A table of useful markers and a decision tree are provided. Of note, immunophenotypic data should as much as possible be interpreted in an integrated manner, involving the patient's clinical and other biological features, and be completed by further chromosomal and/or molecular investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 28-year-old man with familial Gardner's syndrome and acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Topics include yeast not identified by mass spectrometry and not growing well allowing the identification of Malassezia furfur; and patient improving after treatment with tazocillin and caspofungin and removal of the catheter.