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Childhood injuries remain understudied in Uganda. The objective of this study was to determine the extent, nature and determinants of school-related childhood injury risk in north-western Uganda. A cohort of 1000 grade fives from 13 elementary schools was followed-up for one term. Survival and multi-level modelling techniques compared the risk rates across gender, schools and locations. Childhood injuries are common in north-western Uganda. Most of them occur during travel, breaks, practical classes and gardening, while walking, playing, learning and digging. Most injuries result from collisions with objects, sports and falls. Two-thirds of children receive first aid and hospital care. Times to injury were 72.1 and 192.9 person days (p = 0.0000). Gender differences in time to event were significant (p = 0.0091). Girls had better survival rates: cumulative prevalence of childhood injury was 36.1%; with significant gender differences (p = 0.007). Injury rate was 12.3/1000 person days, with a hazard ratio of 1.4. Compared to girls, boys had a 37% higher injury rate (p = 0.004). Rates varied among schools. Associated factors include sex and school. Rural-urban location and school differences do influence childhood injury risk. Childhood injuries are common: the risk is high, gender- and school-specific. Determinants include gender and school. Location and school contexts influence injury risk.

The study validated structure stability, reliability and sub-scale distinctiveness of integrated conflict and violence scale (ICVS) and was cross-sectional; war-affected grade 5 school children participated. ICV internal factorial validity and reliability were evaluated; eigenvalue size and scree plots were used for factor selection. A variable retention factor load threshold of >0.30 was used: Cronbach's alpha tests confirmed reliability increments. Pair-wise Pearson correlation tests evaluated sub-scale distinctiveness. Gulu University granted ethical clearance. A total of 280 grade 5 children from 50 primary schools participated: 53% of them were males. Two factors accounted for 100% of variability in attitudes; 18 variables were retained. Expelled variables were: 'If I catch some one stealing my sugar cane I will fight' and 'a bully should be forgiven'. Sub-scale internal consistency reliability coefficients were 0.73 and 0.65, respectively and distinctiveness correlation coefficient was -0.06. The ICVS was validated using standard criteria. Emerging two-factor scale has acceptable psychometric properties especially factorial structure, internal consistency and sub-scale distinctiveness.